Quiz 11

How did cotton transform the textile industry?

Cotton could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solve the shortage of thread for textile production.

Which key development in the 18th century allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature?

Establishment of limited liability investment

How did labor in British families change in the 18th century?

Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages.

Which function did Crystal Palace serve?

It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London

Who invented the spinning Jenny?

James Hargreaves

Which major breakthrough in energy and power supplies catalyzed the Industrial Revolution?

James Watt's development of the steam engine between the 1760s and the 1780s

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

Markets become broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines.

Which of these was the result of the development of the British economy between 1780 and 1851?

Much of the growth in the gross national product was eaten up by population growth

Thomas Malthus argued that in his Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) that

Population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence

Industrial development in continental Europe was slowed for 2 decades by

The Napoleonic Wars

What did Henry Cort develop?

The coke-fired pudding furnace, which allowed pig iron to be refined with coke

David Ricardo's iron law of wages states that

The pressure of population growth will always sink wages to subsistence level

The tendency to hire family unites in the early factories was

Usually a response to the wishes of the families

In the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships

Women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born

Why did 18th century Britain have a shortage of wood?

Wood had been over-harvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry.

Who was William Cockerill?

an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium

In the 18th century, railroad construction on the European continent

featured varying degrees of government involvement