Quiz 2 (71%)

Which of the following would include more than one question measuring the same construct? A) A scale B) A semantic differential C) An indicator D) A narrative

A) A scale

When administering a questionnaire to subjects in a research study, one way to help subject recall events that happened in the past is to: A) Ask them to lie down and relax so their head will clear up B) Tell the subject to think harder so they will remember better C) Show them a calendar and identify a recent as a reference point D) List all the national holidays during the past two or three months to jar the subject's memory

A) Ask them to lie down and relax so their head will clear up

A question that has the responses categories of either YES or NO is a ___ level of measurement? A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio

A) Nominal

Effective strategies for recruiting subject to participate in observational research might include: A) Offering a large amount of money for participating in the study so it will be hard for them to refuse to participate B) Giving $10.00 gift cards to make a purchase at a local grocery store for agreeing to participate in the study C) Promising each potential participant a nice gift after the research is completed if they stick it out for the duration of the study D) Telling the potential participant that they will not be harmed at all during the study

A) Offering a large amount of money for participating in the study so it will be hard for them to refuse to participate

Select all of the essential elements of informed consent A) Right to withdraw at any time B) Conditions when confidentiality will not apply C) Some form of compensation provided to participant for their time/effort D) Participation is voluntary E) Right to confidentiality

A) Right to withdraw at any time C) Some form of compensation provided to participant for their time/effort D) Participation is voluntary E) Right to confidentiality

When a participant responds to a question in a way that casts him/her in a more positive light, which bias is being displayed? A) Social desirability bias B) Selection bias C) Recall bias D) Sampling bias

A) Social desirability bias

"Observational research is useful in estimating the prevalence or incidence of a disease, or describing the characteristics of a population, while conclusive or causal research would be used to determine the causes of those diseases or characteristics." A) True B) False

A) True

Measurement validity refers to: A) Whether or not the measure is actually measuring what it is supposed to measure B) Whether or not the respondent is telling the truth when s/he answers the question C) How many response categories the measurement has on the survey D) Whether or not the respondent knows what the researcher is asking

A) Whether or not the measure is actually measuring what it is supposed to measure

The research question, "What factors are associated with obesity among toddlers in the U.S.?" would most likely be answered using: A) The "gold standard" experimental design B) A quasi-experimental design C) A cross-sectional exploratory design D) A two-group repeated measures longitudinal design

B) A quasi-experimental design

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential public health services? A) Management of medical care B) Assure competent workforce C) Develop policies D) Enforce laws E) Inform, educate, empower F) Mobilize community partnerships

B) Assure competent workforce

Which research design is most likely to give rise to a third variable problem? A) Case-control study design B) Cross-sectional design C) Survey research design D) Experimental design

B) Cross-sectional design

Which section of a journal article would include a description of how the data was collected and a justification of any measures (e.g. scales) used? A) Results B) Implications C) Introduction D) Methods

B) Implications

Qualitative research would be most likely to utilize which of the following data collection modes? A) Closed ended survey questions B) Participant observation C) Precise medical measures D) Third person reports of behaviors

B) Participant observation

A "successive independent samples" design would be most appropriate to utilize when: A) We want to test hypotheses about the causes of a disease B) We want to examine trends over time of a health condition or issue C) We want to estimate the extent to which a disease is present in the population D) We want to compare a treatment group to a control group on outcomes

B) We want to examine trends over time of a health condition or issue

When the researcher seeks study volunteers by calling or contacting them personally it is called: A) Stalking B) Incentivizing C) Active recruiting D) Passive recruiting

C) Active recruiting

When little is known about a health issue, the most likely type of research one would conduct would be: A) Causal analysis research B) A "breeching" experiment C) Exploratory research D) Expungatory research

C) Exploratory research

Which of the following are NOT included in the four basic principles for writing qualitative results: A) Describe the context of your interactions and disclose your role B) Ensure no harm to the participants C) Give public voice to findings by sharing participants' own word D) Ensure fair and equal treatment to all participants

C) Give public voice to findings by sharing participants' own word

"In which state were you born?" What level of measurement is this item? A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio

C) Interval

Which qualitative data collection method is the slowest method of collection and analysis? A) Observations B) Focus groups C) Interviews D) Surveys

C) Interviews

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Qualitative mode of inquiry? A) It is to test hypotheses B) It is naturalistic C) It is concerned with process D) It is inductive

C) It is concerned with process

Select the most appropriate research design to answer the question: "How many new cases of HIV infection occurred among men who have sex with men?" A) Case-control study design B) Cross-sectional design C) Longitudinal design D) Experimental design

C) Longitudinal design

"Gatekeepers" in the context of Public Health observational studies refer to: A) Clients who work in service industry employment B) Anyone who has an interest in the conduct or outcome of the study C) People who give the money to the researcher to conduct the research D) Individuals who can assist the researcher in gaining access to the study sample

C) People who give the money to the researcher to conduct the research

When people self-report behaviors based on a personally created reality, they are demonstrating what type of response bias? A) Social desirability bias B) Selection bias C) Selective recall bias D) Sampling bias

C) Selective recall bias

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of qualitative research? A) Exploratory research B) Enhance the depth and validity of quantitative inquiries C) Serve as a Precursor to Implementing health promotion programs D) Test theories through the generation and falsification of hypotheses

C) Serve as a Precursor to Implementing health promotion programs

The Cronbach's alpha is a measure of... A) The external reliability of a measure B) The assumptive ability of a measure C) The internal reliability of a measure D) The sampling error of a measure

C) The internal reliability of a measure

Which observational research design allows cases to serve as their own controls for the study? A) A longitudinal study B) A cross-sectional study C) A case-control study D) A case-crossover study

D) A case-crossover study

The BEST way to avoid response fatigue is to: A) Providing a lot of coffee or caffeinated soda during the interview B) Try to get through the interview as quickly as possible C) Allow people to take a break during long interviews D) Ask only every other question on alternating interviews

D) Ask only every other question on alternating interviews

Which of the following is NOT an approach to qualitative research? A) Epidemiology B) Phenomenology C) Ethnography D) Ethnoscience

D) Ethnoscience

Etiology is: A) The study of the prevalence of disease B) The study of insect origin diseases C) The study of incidence of disease D) The study of origins or causes of disease

D) The study of origins or causes of disease

Which is NOT another name used for the term 'longitudinal design'? A) Prospective study B) Panel study C) Trend study D) Cohort study E) Prevalence study

E) Prevalence study