QUIZ 2 (only a few) Patho practice questions-renal

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing a. A b. B c. C d. D

A. A

Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of a. fats and fat-soluble vitamins b. water-soluble vitamins c. proteins d. minerals

A. Fats and fat-soluble vitamins

A 29 year old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, hematuria, and fever. which of the following does the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing? a. acute cystitis b. renal calculi c. chronic renal failure d. postrenal renal failure

A. acute cystitis

A 60 year old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and right flank pain. physical examination reveals severe ascites. this condition is caused by decreased a. albumin and lack of cellular integrity b. capillary filtration pressure c. capillary permeability d. antidiuretic hormone secretion

A. albumin and lack of cellular integrity

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux (select all that apply) a. aspiration pneumonia b. anemia c. weight loss d. delayed growth e. hepatomegaly

A. aspiration pneumonia B. anemia C. weight loss D. delayed growth

When a newborn is admitted with urinary tract infections (UTIs), which type of infection will the nurse look for in the newborn a. blood-borne infections b. infections caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract c. yeast infections d. viral infections

A. blood-borne infections

A 39 year old female with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2-3 hours after eating is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer a. cigarette smoking b. drinking caffeinated beverages c. consuming limited fiber d. antacid consumption

A. cigarette smoking

A 60 year old male with a 30 year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secrets ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect (select all that apply) a. confusion b. weakness c. nausea d. muscle twitching e. weight loss

A. confusion B. weakness C. nausea D. muscle twitching

A 60 year old male is diagnosed with renal failure. while the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis a. elevated plasma creatinine level b. decreased plasma potassium level c. metabolic alkalosis d. increased urea clearance

A. elevated plasma creatinine level

The primary complication of enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung disease is related to which finding a. fecal impaction b. pancreatic insufficiency c. hyperactive peristalsis d. ileal atresia

A. fecal impaction

A 2 month old female is brought to the emergency room (ER) for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant. what is the most likely cause of this condition a. malrotation b. ileocecal displacement c. pyloric stenosis d. meconium ileus

A. malrotation

Complications obstruction in the lower bowel include (select all that apply) a. metabolic acidosis b. hypokalemia c. tachycardia d. hypovolemia e. peritonitis

A. metabolic acidosis C. tachycardia D. hypovolemia E. peritonitis

A 31 year old female presents with midabdominal pain. she is expected to have acute pancreatitis. which of the following will be part of the treatment plan (select all that apply) a. narcotic analgesics b. restriction of food intake c. nasogastric suctioning d. antibiotics e. IV fluids

A. narcotic analgesics B. restriction of food intake C. nasogastric suctioning D. antibiotics E. IV fluids

A patient presents to the physician with complains of constipation. which of the following could be the cause (select all that apply) a. neurogenic disorder of the large intestine b. sedentary lifestyle c. low residue diet d. aging e. use of antacids

A. neurogenic disorder of the large intestine B. sedentary lifestyle C. low reside diet D. aging E. use of antacids

which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine a. often precipitated by an embolism b. commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones c. caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy d. often a complication of hypovolemic shock

A. often precipitated by an embolism

A 55 year old male intravenous (IV) drug user with a history of advanced liver disease is diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome. which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected (select all that apply) a. oliguria b. jaundice c. ascites d. hypertension e. anorexia

A. oliguria B. jaundice C. ascites E. anorexia

A 20 year old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as ___ diarrhea a. osmotic b. secretory c. hypotonic d. motility

A. osmotic

A 46 year old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. which of the following characterizes the disorder (select all that apply) a. pain occurs immediately after eating b. weight gain occurs c. bile is regurgitated d. occurrence is typically a single event e. duration of treatment is extended

A. pain occurs immediately after eating E. duration of treatment is extended

A 42 year old female presents with abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding. Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa int he body and fundus of the stomach. which of the following would most likely follow a. pernicious anemia b. osmotic diarrhea c. increased acid secretion d. decreased gastrin secretion

A. pernicious anemia

A 15 year old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond a. poststreptococcal infection b. nephropathy c. nephrotic syndrome d. potter syndrome

A. poststreptococcal infectin

Occurrence of gastroesophagel reflux is highest in which pediatric population a. premature infants b. infants with Down syndrome c. children with cystic fibrosis d. children with esophageal atresia

A. premature infants

A 4 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition a. proteinuria b. decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) c. hematuria d. sodium loss

A. proteinuria

a mother brings her 2 week old infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested. the infant is most likely suffering from a. pyloric stenosis b. meconium ileus c. esophageal atresia d. galactosemia

A. pyloric stenosis

The most common cause of pure water deficit is a. renal water loss b. hyperventilation c. sodium loss d. insufficient water intake

A. renal water loss

When a nurse is teaching about urinary pathogens in men. Which information should the nurse include? Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include (select all that apply) a. the long length of the urethra b. alkaline pH of urine c. secretion of mucus that traps bacteria d. antimicrobial secretions from the prostate e. implantation of the ureters in the bladder

A. the long length of the urethra D. antimicrobial secretions from the prostate

A 45 year old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. The nurse knows oliguria is related to a. thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow b. increased glomerular capillary oncotic pressure and tubular obstruction c. activation of renin-angiotensin from decreased blood volume d. vasoconstriction fo the efferent arterioles

A. thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow

A 50 year old male complains of frequently recurring abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be a. ulcerative colitis b. hiatal hernia c. pyloric obstruction d. achalasia

A. ulcerative colitis

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is a. urine pH b. body temperature c. gender d. serum mineral concentrations

A. urine pH

A 3 year old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), fever, poor growth and development, and feeding problems. Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters. When giving report to the oncoming shift, the nurse will call this condition a. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) b. vesicourethral reflux c. vesicoureteral influx d. hydronephrosis

A. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

The cardinal signs of small bowel obstruction are a. vomiting and distention b. diarrhea and excessive thirst c. dehydration and epigastric pain d. abdominal pain and rectal bleeding

A. vomiting and distention

The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH to demonstrate which of the following symptoms (select all that apply) a. weakness b. nausea c. headache d. muscle twitching e. weight loss

A. weakness B. nausea C. headache D. muscle twitching

A 22 year old male underwent brain surgery to remove a tumor. following surgery, he experienced a peptic ulcer. his ulcer is referred to as a ____ ulcer a. infectious b. cushing c. ischemic d. curling

B. Cushing

A 10 year old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA i the glomerular capillaries. The nurse will monitor for recurrent a. infections b. hematuria c. vomiting d. enuresis

B. Hematuria

Intussusception is treated initially by a. bowel resection b. an air enema c. laxative d. doubling fluid intake

B. an air enema

Which of the following gastrointestinal (GI) clinical manifestations is subjective (select all that apply) a. retching b. anorexia c. nausea d. vomiting e. diarrhea

B. anorexia C. nausea

When a nurse observes post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis as a diagnosis on a patient, which principle will the nurse remember? Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by a. swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacterial b. antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage c. inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells d. accumulation of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

B. antigen-antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage

A 24 year old male who sustained a head injury and fractured femur develops a stress ulcer. a common clinical manifestation of this ulcer is a. bowel obstruction b. bleeding c. pulmonary embolism d. hepatomegaly

B. bleeding

A 54 year old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. this condition is most likely caused by a. hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels b. breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions c. decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement d. gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux

B. breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions

A patient with end-stage renal disease has pruritus. When the patient asks what causes this, what is the nurse's best response? Pruritus, seen in patients with end-stage renal disease, is caused by high levels of a. potassium b. calcium c. sodium d. magnesium

B. calcium

When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of a. magnesium b. struvite c. calcium d. phosphate

B. calcium

A 54 year old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. tests reveal portal hypertension. which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition a. thrombosis in the spleen b. cirrhosis of the liver c. left ventricular failure d. renal stenosis

B. cirrhosis of the liver

A 27 year old male has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur a. atrophy of the remaining kidney b. compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney c. dysplasia in the remaining kidney d. renal failure

B. compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney

A 52 year old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur a. clammy skin b. decreased sodium c. decreased urine formation d. metabolic alkalosis

B. decreased sodium

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because a. children have lower adipose reserves b. fluid reserves are lower in children c. children have a lower metabolic rate d. children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy

B. fluid reserves are lower in children

A 55 year old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse a. vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis b. formation of renal calculi c. glomerulonephritis d. increased bladder compliance

B. formation of renal calculi

A 13 month old infant presents with vomiting; abdominal pain; and pale, bulky, greasy, and foul-smelling stools. A possible diagnosis the clinician would document on the chart might be a. failure to thrive b. gluten-sensitive enteropathy c. gastroesophageal reflux d. meconium ileus

B. gluten-sensitive enteropathy

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice a. obstructive b. hemolytic c. hepatocellular d. metabolic

B. hemolytic

A 45 year old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by a. red blood cells being lost in the urine b. inadequate production of erythropoietin c. inadequate iron absorption in the gut d. red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus

B. inadequate production of erythropoietin

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation a. anemia b. jaundice c. hypobilirubinemia d. ascites

B. jaundice

The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which of the following clinical manifestations a. fatigue, malaise, vomiting b. jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver c. resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal d. fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome

B. jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver

Which of the following conditions is thought to contribute to the development of obesity a. insulin excess b. leptin resistance c. adipocyte failure d. malabsorption

B. leptin resistance

A 7 month old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. She is diagnosed with biliary atresia. The nurse realizes the treatment for this disorder will most likely by a. immunoglobulins b. liver transplant c. bone marrow transplant d. dietary modifications

B. liver transplant

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the a. severity b. location of lesions c. patient's age d. signs and symptoms

B. location of lesions

A 1 week old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxia injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as a. infective enteropathy b. necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) c. mucoviscidosis d. ileus

B. necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

A nurse assesses a patient with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) for a. several species of bacteria b. other health problems c. urosepsis d. rrethral obstruction

B. other health problems

A 52 year old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. she is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. contributing factors include (select all that apply) a. alcohol abuse b. peptic ulcer disease c. trauma d. smoking e. bulimia

B. peptic ulcer disease C. trauma D. smoking

When an infant has increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin, what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient a. biliary hypertrophy b. physiologic jaundice c. hepatitis A d. infantile cirrhosis

B. physiologic jaundice

A 28 year old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient's infection is located in the a. bladder b. renal pelvis c. renal tubules d. glomerulus

B. renal pelvis

A urologist is discussing nephritic syndrome. Which information should be included? If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed ____ nephrotic syndrome a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. idiopathic

B. secondary

A 34 year old male was diagnosed with a bacterial GI infection. Which of the following types of diarrhea would most likely occur with his condition a. osmotic b. secretory c. hypotonic d. motility

B. secretory

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is a. hemorrhage b. strangulation c. peritonitis d. ascites

B. strangulation

A 75 year old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart a. urge incontinence b. stress incontinence c. overflow incontinence d. functional incontinence

B. stress incontinence

Celiac disease, or sprue, is caused by alterations of the intestinal a. glands b. vili c. smooth muscle wall d. sphincters

B. villi

A 27 year old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has a. A b. B c. C d. D

C. C

A 40 year old male develops an intestinal obstruction related to protrusion to the intestine through the inguinal ring. this condition is referred to as a. intussusception b. a volvulus c. a hernia d. adhesions

C. a hernia

A 30 year old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is a. cystitis b. chronic pyelonephritis c. acute glomerulonephritis d. renal calculi

C. acute glomerulonephritis

A 55 year old male died in a motor vehicle accident. autopsy reveled an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. the most likely cause of his condition is a. bacterial infection b. viral infection c. alcoholism d. drug overdose

C. alcoholism

A 30 year old obese female underwent gastric resection in an attempt to lose weight. which of the following complications could the surgery cause a. constipation b. acid reflux gastritis c. anemia d. hiccups

C. anemia

Complete obstruction of bile flow to the liver would be manifested by a. elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit b. lower-leg edema c. clay-colored stools d. hypotension

C. clay-colored stools

Meconium ileus is associated with which of the following disorders a. pyloric stenosis b. esophageal atresia c. cystic fibrosis d. esophagitis

C. cystic fibrosis

A 25 year old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. while planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by a. decreased renal blood flow b. decreased peritubular capillary pressure c. dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage d. stimulation of antidiuretic hormone

C. dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is ____ bleeding a. rectal b. duodenal c. esophageal d. intestinal

C. esophageal

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is a. diverticulosis b. hemorrhoids c. esophageal varices d. cancer

C. esophageal varices

A 7 year old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following should the nurse ask the parents if they or the child has noticed recently a. sunken fontanelles b. vesicular skin rash c. frothy urine d. jaundice

C. frothy urine

A 52 year old presents with bleeding from the rectum. this condition is referred to as a. melena b. occulut bleeding c. hematochezia d. hematemesis

C. hematochezia

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of a. hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances c. impaired ammonia metabolism d. decreased cerebral blood flow

C. impaired ammonia metabolism

Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of a. blood loss via the urine b. renal insensitivity to vitamin D c. inadequate production of erythropoietin d. inadequate retention of serum iron

C. inadequate production of erythropoietin

A 42 year old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. the nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by a. kidney stones b. immune complex deposition in the glomerulus c. inadequate renal blood flow d. obstruction of the proximal tubule

C. inadequate renal blood flow

A 70 year old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition a. increased capillary oncotic pressure b. decreased interstitial oncotic pressure c. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure d. increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure

C. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A 60 year old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain. he reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack. tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. the most likely cause of this disease is a. increasing subepithelial bicarbonate production b. accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells c. inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis d. stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow

C. inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis

A 6 month old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. this type of obstruction is referred to as a. prolapse b. pyloric stenosis c. intussusception d. imperforation

C. intussusception

Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of a. insulin b. amylase c. lipase d. bile

C. lipase

A 50 year old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the stomach. he is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. this condition is caused by a. fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus b. sympathetic nerve stimulation c. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter d. reverse peristalsis of the stomach

C. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter

A 40 year old male presents with epigastric pain. tests reveal acute pancreatitis. the most likely cause of his condition is a. pancreatic duct obstruction by a malignant tumor b. surgical trauma to the pancreas c. obstruction of the biliary tract by a gallstone d. toxic injury to the pancreas from nonprescription medications

C. obstruction of the biliary tract by a gallstone

A sign that a newborn infant may have pyloric stenosis is a. diarrhea b. bile regurgitation c. olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen d. ascites with a fluid wave visible across the abdomen

C. olive-sized mass on the upper abdomen

A 42 year old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting a. fats b. complex carbohydrates c. proteins d. sugars

C. proteins

A 38 year old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal, nausea, and epigastric pain. Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as a. ilocecal obstruction b. hiatal hernia c. pyloric obstruction d. hiatal obstruction

C. pyloric obstruction

The nurse would correctly identify the most common symptoms of Meckel diverticulum as a. constipation b. vomiting c. rectal bleeding d. ascites

C. rectal bleeding

While turning a patient with chronic renal failure, which principle should the nurse recall? Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because a. calcium is lost in the urine b. osteoblast activity is excessive c. the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D d. autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop

C. the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D

While planning care for a patient who has acute pyelonephritis, a nurse recalls the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is a. cystitis b. renal cancer c. urinary tract obstruction d. nephrotic syndrome

C. urinary tract obstruction

The cardinal signal of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is a. constipation b. diarrhea c. vomiting d. heartburn

C. vomiting

The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed

Chemotaxis

A 40 year old male who consumes a diet high in fat and low in fiber is at risk for a. cancer of the stomach b. cancer of the liver and biliary ducts c. cancer of the small intestine d. CRC

D. CRC

A 25 year old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract a. streptococcus b. candidia albicans c. chlamydia d. escherichia coli

D. Escherichia coli

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis a. pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain b. proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites c. dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness d. gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension

D. Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension

A 15 year old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis. Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease a. Kelbsiella b. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) c. genital herpes virus d. group A B-hemolytic streptococcus

D. Group A B-hemolytic streptococcus

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is a. glomerulonephritis b. obstruction c. nephrotic syndrome d. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

D. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A 6 year old male is experiencing urine reflex from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. He was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. This condition would be graded a. I b. II c. III d. IV

D. IV

A 56 year old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. which of the following types of renal failure should the nurse monitor for as it is the most likely to occur a. prerenal b. intrarenal c. extrarenal d. postrenal

D. Postrenal

A 7 month old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. This condition is referred to as ___ atresia a. hepatic b. portal c. sinusoidal d. biliary

D. biliary

A 55 year old female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the a. intrahepatic bile canaliculi b. gallbladder c. cystic duct d. common bile duct

D. common bile duct

A 40 year old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a Pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see on the report a. metaplasia b. atrophy c. hypertrophy d. dysplasia

D. dysplasia

A 3 month old female develops colicky pain, abdominal distention, and diarrhea after drinking cow's milk. the best explanation for her symptoms is a. deficiency of bile that stimulates digestive secretions and bowel motility b. excess of amylase, which increases the breakdown of starch and causes and osmotic diarrhea c. overgrowth of bacteria from undigested fat molecules, which leads to gas formation and decreased bowel motility d. excess of undigested lactose in her digestive tract, resulting in increased fluid movement into the digestive lumen and increased bowel motility

D. excess of undigested lactose in her digestive tract, resulting in increased fluid movement into the digestive lumen and increased bowel motility

A 24 year old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience a. anuria b. hematuria c. pyuria d. flank pain

D. flank pain

A 45 year old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficult swallowing. he probably has a. pyloric stenosis b. gastric cancer c. achalasia d. hiatal hernia

D. hiatal hernia

A 10 month old is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain following by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. testing reveals a condition which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. from which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering a. hernia b. ileus c. torsion d. intussusception

D. intussusception

An 8 week old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected a. insufficient bile production b. gastric atrophy c. hypersecretion of stomach acid d. malabsorption

D. malabsorption

Which of the following symptoms would help a heath care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease a. abdominal pain b. pattern of remission/exacerbations c. diarrhea d. malabsorption

D. malabsorption

A 24 year old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. the physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. these cellular changes would be referred to as a. dysplasia b. pathologic dysplasia c. hyperplasia d. pathologic hyperplasia

D. pathologic hyperplasia

A newborn female has chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys. When a staff member asks what this condition is called, how should the nurse respond? This condition is called a. renal dysplasia b. renal agenesis c. hypoplastic kidney d. renal aplasia

D. renal aplasia

Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with a. diabetes insipidus b. pulmonary disorders c. Cushing syndrome d. renal failure

D. renal failure

A 19 year old female with type I DM was admitted to the hospital with altered consciousness and the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high) and serum K+ 2 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. The diagnosis is hyperosmolar hyperglycemia non-ketonic syndrome (HHNKS). What relationship do these values have with her insulin deficiency

Decreased insulin causes hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis

A 25 year old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance. She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months. Which finding will the nurse most likely see on them microorganism report

Decreased lactobacillus

A 12 year old male is newly diagnosed with type I DM. Which of the following tests should the nurse prepare the patient to best confirm the diagnosis

Fasting plasma glucose levels

When a staff member asks the nurse what causes the chronic complications of DM such as micro vascular and macro vascular disease, how should the nurse respond? These complications are primarily related to

Hyperglycemia

When a patient asks what causes hyperglycemia in type II DM, how should the nurse respond? Hyperglycemia is a result of

Hyperinsulinemia

A 13 year old male who uses insulin to control his type I diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion during gym class. The most probable cause of these symptoms is

Hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise

A 12 year old female is newly diagnosed with type I DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurse's best response

Immune destruction of the pancreas

A 19 year old female with type I DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.2 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state

Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation

A nurse is reviewing lab results for glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C) levels. A nurse recalls the purpose of this test to

Monitor long-term serum glucose control

An 11 year old male is newly diagnosed with type I DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess the patient for

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss