quiz 3

"Kitchen tables" consists of ________ morphemes.

3

The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as

Analogical transfer.

The principle of late closure can be described as a(n) _____ since it provides the best guess about the unfolding meaning of a sentence.

Analogy

Boxing champion George Foreman recently described his family vacations with the statement "At our ranch in Marshall, Texas, there are lots of pond and I take the kids out and we fish. And then of course, we grill them." That a reader understands "them" appropriately (George grills fish, not his kids!) is the result of a(n) _______ inference.

Anaphoric.

In explaining the paradox that imagery and perception exhibit a double dissociation, it was suggested that perception necessarily involves ______ processing and imagery starts as a ____ process.

Bottom-up; top-down.

One of the key properties of the ___ approach is that a specific concept is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network.

Connectionist.

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g., most chairs have four legs but not all do) is

Family Resemblance.

Paivio proposed the conceptual peg hypothesis. His work suggested which of the following would be most difficult to remember?

Freedom

Shepard and Metzler's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated

Imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms

Shepard and Metzler measured the time it took for participants to decide whether two objects were the same (two different views of the same object) or different (two different objects). These researchers inferred cognitive processed by using

Mental chronometry.

You park in the parking lot and walk to the humanities building, take the elevator to the 5th floor, and ended with sitting down in your seat. This is an example of what memory technique?

Method of Loci

Spreading activation

Primes associated concepts.

Which approach to categorization involves forming a representation based on an average of category members that a person has encountered in the past?

Prototype

Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as process involving

Restructuring.

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.

perception is automatic and ______. Imagery takes effort and is _______.

Stable, fragile

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Therefore, the two problems have very different

Surface features.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is used to

Temporarily disrupt the functioning of a brain area.

The interactionist approach to parsing states that

The grammatical structure of a sentence determines the initial parsing.

A phoneme refers to

The shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of a word.

Insight refers to

The sudden realization of a problem's solution.

Which of the following would be a basic level category?

Truck

Tuan bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. On the first day he went out wearing the new garment, he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office. He now refers to the jacket as his "lucky jacket" and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. Tuan's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of

an illusory correlation.

Consider the following syllogism: If it's a robin then it is a bird. It is a bird. Therefore, it is a robin. In the example above, "Therefore, it is a robin" is a _________________ of a _________________ syllogism.

conclusion; conditional

C.K. demonstrates a problem in what?

perception

methods of loci

placing images at locations visualizing items to be remembered in different locations in a metal image of a spatial layout can enhance recall

Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the _________________ decision of ____.

rational; accepting any offer

Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT

the falsification principle.

People tend to overestimate

what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings.