Quiz 4: Infancy (Human Growth + Development)

A baby loses weight shortly after birth. This is normal as the child adjusts to life outside of the womb. Approximately what percentage of their total body weight does a child lose in these first few days? a. 5% b. 25% c. 15% d. 1%

a

For herd immunity to ensure the average person within a society is immune to a disease, what percentage of that population must be vaccinated? a. above 90% b. about 99% c. 100% d. above 50%

a

The four main types of attachment include which of the following? a. all of the above b. insecure-avoidant c. insecure-resistant d. disorganized e. secure

a

A child is born with a normal birth weight and height, but over the next few months, the child falls below the 20th percentile for these figures. What term most accurately describes this baby's development? a. premature b. failure to thrive c. failure to develop d. malnourished

b

Dendrites grow rapidly in infancy, making complicated neural networks possible, through a process called __________. a. pruning b. transient exuberance c. dendritic connection d. neutral grafting

b

Hearing is the least developed at birth, and sight is the most developed at birth? a. true b. false

b

How many hours do newborns typically sleep? a. 6-9 b. 14-17 c. 2-5 d. 21-24

b

Jana, a 15-month-old child, looks at herself in a mirror. Without her knowledge, an adult applies a dot of lipstick to Jana's nose. If Jana tries to rub the lipstick off her own nose in this test, what developmental milestone has Jana reached? a. embarrassment b. self-awareness c. theory of mind d. reflexive behavior

b

Many children learn sign language as infants and toddlers. How does this enhance their communication abilities? a. children understand less than they can hear, so sign language helps them express confusion b. children understand more than they can vocalize, and gestures help convey meaning c. sign language negates the need for speech until the child is able to articulate full thought d. children have more acute vision than hearing, so seeing signs is easier than hearing words

b

Nils believes children learn language through reinforcement and repetition. With which school of thought do Nils' beliefs align? a. pragmatist b. behaviorist c. nativist d. expressionist

b

Parents who opt out of vaccinating their children, and later send them to school, increase the risk to other children by reducing the overall community immunity rate, known as what? a. total immunity b. herd immunity c. proportional immunity d. disease eradication

b

The basic presentation of the Hamlin and Wynn give-taker puppet show revealed that children had a preference for what type of behavior? a. reciprocal b. prosocial c. neutral d. taking

b

The campaign to increase back-sleeping awareness in infants attempts to address which of the following sleep concerns? a. co-sleeping b. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) c. sleeping through the night d. sleep disruptions

b

Which nutrient found in breast milk is essential to myelination? a. iron b. fat c. proteins d. calcium

b

Which of the following is a common critique of Piaget's work? a. Piaget used too many subjects in his studies b. Piaget underestimated the cognitive abilities of children c. Piaget believed children mastered object permanence earlier than reality d. Piaget overestimated the cognitive abilities of children

b

Why is the stage of rapid vocabulary growth in toddlerhood often called the "naming explosion?" a. pronouns are an important part of vocabulary growth, as children learn how to properly refer to other people b. words the child adds to their repertoire are mostly nouns: people, places, and things c. the child learns mostly people's names in his/her expanding vocabulary d. the child usually enters pre-school programs at this age and reveal in reciting names of classmates

b

__________ are basic units of speech, which make __________, the smallest meaningful units of speech. a. vocalizations; babbling b. phonemes; morphemes c. none of the above d. babbling; gesturing

b

9-month-old Fred concentrates on picking up small pieces of round cereal and placing them in a cup. What motor skill is he practicing? a. locomotion b. reaching c. the pincer grasp d. gross motor skills

c

Ainsworth's "Strange Situation" test was designed to test what construct? a. object permanence b. self-awareness c. attachment style d. moral development

c

Breastmilk confers immunities and health benefits to children. For a child to gain most of the health benefits of breastfeeding, a mother should try to maintain breastfeeding until the child is how old? a. three months b. six weeks c. six months d. two years

c

This portion of the brain, responsible for planning decision-making and emotional regulation, is the last to develop in an infant's brain. a. neurons b. hypothalamus c. prefrontal cortex d. myelin

c

Which is the most compelling reason parents should introduce new solid foods to children one at a time? a. children need time to assimilate new items into food schemes b. children may be picky eaters c. food allergies may be present d. new foods may be harder to digest

c

Jonah, a 12-month-old, uses the shortened word, ba- to indicate he wants his bottle. What kind of speech does this shortened use of a word represent? a. under-extension b. babbling c. overextension d. holophrasic speech

d

Simon believes his toddler is learning language to interact with others and to survive in the world. Which language learning theory does Simon likely subscribe to? a. behaviorism b. nativism c. reinforcement d. social pragmatics

d

This thick, nutrient-dense substance is produced during the first few days of breastfeeding, and helps a child build immunities. a. placenta b. milk fat c. breastmilk d. colostrum

d