Quiz 6 - Med Surg - 41 & 42

Menometorrhagia

A patient reports long, heavy, irregular menses accompanied by headache and back pain for the past several months. How should the nurse document these symptoms?

You should notify your doctor as this is a new experience for you

A women tells the nurse, I am having terrible pain with my period. This has never happened before. What should I do? Which is the best response by the nurse?

2. To assess hormone-producing tumors

A female patient has not achieved pregnancy after 8 months of attempting to do so and is undergoing hormone testing. Which additional reason other than infertility does the nurse identify for hormone testing? 1. To confirm a patient's stage of puberty 2. To assess hormone-producing tumors 3. To verify the achievement of pregnancy 4. To identify bone loss after menopause

-Avoid weight gain -Take care of the pessary -Consume a healthy diet -Perform kegel exercises

A female patient is diagnosed with mild uterine prolapse into the vagina. For which areas should the nurse prepare to reinforce teaching to help this patient? (Select all that apply)

report to HCP stat

A 16 year old is admitted with toxic shock syndrome. What action by the nurse should take priority?

d. Determine what the girl understands about risk factors for TSS.

A 16-year-old girl is admitted to the hospital with toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which action by the nurse should take priority? a. Teach the girl risk factors for TSS. b. Teach the girl's mother risk factors for TSS. c. Educate the girl on signs and symptoms of TSS. d. Determine what the girl understands about risk factors for TSS.

A. "The testicles should be examined monthly while in the shower." C. "The left side of the scrotum usually hangs a little lower than the right." D. "If you notice any lumps or unusual changes, you should call your doctor."

The licensed practical nurse is providing instructions on testicular self-examination. Which statements do the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. "The testicles should be examined monthly while in the shower." B. "The spermatic cord generally cannot be felt without deep palpation." C. "The left side of the scrotum usually hangs a little lower than the right." D. "If you notice any lumps or unusual changes, you should call your doctor." E. "Hold the scrotum in one hand and massage gently to note any tenderness."

-Smoking -Having multiple sexual partners -Being infected with herpes simplex type II -Being infected with HPV

The nurse is concerned that a female patient is at risk for developing cervical cancer. What risk factors for cervical cancer did the nurse assess in the patient? (Select all that apply)

-I should take this medication until the symptoms are gone -I may have some vaginal dryness while taking this medication -My partner should see a physician for treatment as well -Drinking alcohol while taking this medication will cause nausea and vomiting

The nurse is providing care for a woman with trichomoniasis who is being treated with metronidazole (Flagyl). Which patient statements indicate that teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply)

2. Express a willingness to listen if the patient wishes.

The nurse is providing care to a female patient who just received a diagnosis of agenesis of the ovaries. Which nursing care is most appropriate for the patient? 1. Monitor for physical pain related to testing. 2. Express a willingness to listen if the patient wishes. 3. Check surgical dressings for signs of bleeding. 4. Provide for privacy so the patient can consider options.

D. Any pattern that is consistent and thorough

The nurse is providing information on breast self-examination to a female patient. Which palpation pattern does the nurse instruct the patient to use when performing this examination? A. Spiral pattern B. Parallel lines C. Wheel-spoke pattern D. Any pattern that is consistent and thorough

- seminal vesicles - prostate gland - bulbourethral glands

Which glands or parts produce secretions that become part of semen?

Cystocele

A patient is being seen for the urinary bladder sagging into the vagina. How should the nurse document this health problem?

Insulin

A patient is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. When preparing teaching for this patient, which hormone should the nurse explain as being too abundant in the patients body?

Time of intercourse

An adolescent comes into the ED requesting the morning after pill. What should the nurse assess in this patient?

Loss of reproduction function may cause grieving

A 42-year-old woman is tearful after a hysterectomy. What information should the nurse use to respond appropriately to the patient?

d. "Without confirmation, you are still considered to be perimenopausal and should continue birth control."

A 50-year-old woman states, "It is such a relief not to need birth control any more. I haven't had a period in 3 months." How should the nurse respond? a. "Birth control is usually unnecessary after age 50, even if you are still having periods." b. "It is still possible for you to get pregnant. You should consider having a tubal ligation." c. "You should continue to use birth control for at least 6 months after cessation of your periods." d. "Without confirmation, you are still considered to be perimenopausal and should continue birth control."

You may still be fertile for several months after your last period. You should consult with your physician to know when to stop using birth control

A 50-year-old woman states, "it is such a relief not to need birth control any more. I haven't had a period in three months". How should the nurse respond?

B. A prostatic acid phosphatase test

A 60-year-old patient receives information that a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is 11 ng/mL. Which intervention by the health care provider (HCP) does the nurse expect? A. Needle biopsy of the prostate B. A prostatic acid phosphatase test C. Retesting as usual in 1 year D. Informing the patient of cancer

Date of the first day of the patients last period

A HCP is anticipating the use of RU-486 to provide a chemical induced abortion for a patient. What information should the nurse obtain from the patient before this medication is provided?

-An increase in heart attacks -A reduction in total fractures -A decrease in colorectal cancer -An increase in thromboembolism

A female patient approaching menopause asks about the use of hormone replacement therapy. Which findings from a study on hormone replacement therapy should the nurse explain to the patient? (Select all that apply)

-Eat a healthy diet -Dress in layers so clothing can be removed -Reduce intake of caffeine, sugar, and alcohol

A female patient asks what can be done to reduce symptoms associated with menopause? What should the nurse suggest to this patient? (Select all that apply)

A baby must have been very important to you. When you feel ready, we can talk about other alternatives

A female patient has just learned she is infertile. She says, "all I ever wanted in life was to have a baby. My life is over." What is the best response by the nurse?

3. Instructions that vitamin increases need HCP approval

A female patient is diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The HCP prescribes, along with hormonal contraceptives, supplements of calcium, magnesium, and vitamins E and B6. Which information is most important for the nurse to provide to the patient? 1. Food sources high in calcium and magnesium 2. Side effects of hormonal contraceptives 3. Instructions that vitamin increases need HCP approval 4. Natural sources of vitamins E and B6

C. Instruct the patient to blow out a deep breath as the speculum is inserted.

A female patient is scheduled for her first pelvic examination. Which action by the nurse will provide the patient with physical comfort? A. Offer to allow the patient to squeeze the nurse's hand during the procedure. B. Allow the patient to remain in a sitting position until the HCP is present. C. Instruct the patient to blow out a deep breath as the speculum is inserted. D. Explain the details of the examination as the procedure is performed.

3. Monitor the patient for pain in the neck, shoulders, and upper back.

A female patient is scheduled for laparoscopy for determination of endometriosis. Following the procedure, which nursing care will the nurse perform? 1. Place the patient on the left side to centralize carbon dioxide. 2. Keep the patient in a supine position for 8 hours postoperative. 3. Monitor the patient for pain in the neck, shoulders, and upper back. 4. Check the surgical dressing for signs of infectious drainage.

C. "The image is computerized, allowing the radiologist to look more closely at specific areas."

A female patient who is 40 years of age is scheduled for a baseline mammography. The patient becomes concerned when she learns a digital mammography is planned. The client states, "I thought that test was for high risk women." Which answer by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "This type of testing is more effective in detecting cancer in younger women." B. "The test is more expensive, but the cost is offset by the benefits of earlier detection." C. "The image is computerized, allowing the radiologist to look more closely at specific areas." D. "This method of testing is much quicker, easier, and with less discomfort for the woman."

b. Initiate a calcium and vitamin regimen

A female patient who is experiencing symptoms related to menopause is denied hormone replacement therapy by the HCP because of a family history of breast cancer and heart disease. Which suggestion does the nurse make for management of symptoms that is likely to be ineffective? a. Dress in layers to promote comfort during hot flashes b. Initiate a calcium and vitamin regimen c. Discuss the benefit of including dietary phytoestrogens d. Increase weight-bearing exercise and activity

a. Tiny implants can be nonsurgically placed later

A female patient who is in the last trimester of pregnancy is considering sterilization as a permanent method of birth control. The patient states, "I know this is what I want, but I don't want to do this until the baby is a little older." Which information does the nurse provide? a. Tiny implants can be nonsurgically placed later b. Removal of the uterus can be performed later c. The patient's partner can opt for a vasectomy d. The procedure is best performed after birth

3. Spermicide is a good addition to both.

A female reports being conflicted between the effectiveness of a condom versus a diaphragm for contraception. Which information does the nurse provide regarding effectiveness? 1. Diaphragms are more expensive. 2. Condoms can be part of foreplay. 3. Spermicide is a good addition to both. 4. A female condom is more effective

2. Place a warm moist cloth over the urethra for pain

A male client is scheduled for an outpatient cystourethrography to evaluate the degree of obstruction by an enlarged prostate. Which nursing care will the nurse provide after the procedure? 1. Maintain strict input and output until discharge 2. Place a warm moist cloth over the urethra for pain 3. Perform intermittent catheterization for urine retention 4. Monitor for effects of analgesics before allowing to drive

Avoidance of alcohol and caffeine may help reduce your discomfort

A patient comes to an outpatient clinic because of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. What advice from the nurse may help her reduce her symptoms?

Not enough research has been done to prove that OC's can prevent STD's

A patient at a walk-in clinic requests oral contraceptives (OC's) because she heard they can prevent STI's. What information should the nurse use to base a response to this patient?

d. Removal of the ovaries is the most effective treatment

A patient at age 23 reports severe pelvic and back pain, which increases during her menses. After testing, she is diagnosed with endometriosis. Which information provided by the nurse is likely to be considered premature? a. Migrated endometrium cells attach to the abdominal organs b. The condition is called retrograde menstration c. The cells in the abdomen will build up and slough like the uterus d. Removal of the ovaries is the most effective treatment

a. Perforation of the vaginal wall is common

A patient is inquiring about the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. Which information from the nurse is incorrect? a. Perforation of the vaginal wall is common b. Insertion is the best during the first 7 days of menses c. Effectiveness is the best during the first 7 days of menses d. Procedure is performed in the HCP office.

You are going to have your uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries removed

A patient is scheduled for a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. She asks what this means. How should the nurse respond?

A. Presenting a calm and understanding attitude

A patient is scheduled for a surgical biopsy for removal of a lesion suspected to be breast cancer. Which care by the nurse is most important? A. Presenting a calm and understanding attitude B. Explaining the reasons for the surgical biopsy C. Sharing that most breast biopsies are benign D. Providing the patient with antianxiety medication

She takes bubble baths every night

A patient is seen in a clinic for contact vaginitis. What information in her history helps the nurse plan teaching for the patient?

Oral Contraceptive

A patient must prevent pregnancy while receiving chemotherapy that could harm the fetus. About which type of birth control should the nurse anticipate teaching the patient?

-Vacuum suction -Menstrual extraction -Dilation and curettage (DNC) -Dilation and evacuation (D&E

A patient who is 6 weeks pregnant is contemplating having an abortion. What methods of abortion should the nurse explain as most commonly used to terminate a pregnancy of less than 14 weeks? (Select all that apply)

a. Sore throat b. Skin peeling d. Red palm and soles of feet e. Muscle pain and weakness

After collecting data the nurse suspects that a young female patient is experiencing manifestations of toxic shock syndrome. What findings did the nurse use to make this decision? (Select all that apply.) a. Sore throat b. Skin peeling c. Fluid retention d. Red palm and soles of feet e. Muscle pain and weakness

3. Preparation for transillumination of the testes

After finding a mass in the scrotum of a male patient, the nurse provides the HCP with a flashlight and turns off the lights. For which reason did the nurse perform these actions? 1. Preparation for identifying a varicocele 2. Preparation for a digital rectal examination 3. Preparation for transillumination of the testes 4. Preparation for a PSA to be drawn

How have you coped with other problems in your life? Do you have someone you can talk to?

The nurse enters the room of a patient with a new mastectomy and finds her crying. After confirming that the patient is crying because of the loss of her breast, which response by the nurse is best?

Measure and compare the circumferences of both arms

The nurse is assessing a patient after a mastectomy and thinks the patients arm appears swollen. What is the best way to verify this finding?

You should plan to use to birth control; breastfeeding is not a reliable form of contraception

The nurse is assisting a new mother who returns to a clinic for a 6-week visit. What instructions about birth control should the nurse provide?

-Change tampons every 4 hours -Wash hands before inserting a new tampon -Use sanitary pads instead of tampons overnight when menstruating

The nurse is assisting in the developing of a program to instruct female high school students on ways to prevent TSS. What should the nurse include in this program? (Select all that apply)

b. Change tampons every 4 hours. c. Wash hands before inserting a new tampon. e. Use sanitary pads instead of tampons overnight when menstruating.

The nurse is assisting in the development of a program to instruct female high school students on ways to prevent the development of toxic shock syndrome. What should the nurse include in this program? (Select all that apply.) a. Increase oral fluid intake. b. Change tampons every 4 hours. c. Wash hands before inserting a new tampon. d. Take over-the-counter aspirin while menstruating. e. Use sanitary pads instead of tampons overnight when menstruating.

-They tend to be harder -They tend to be less mobile -They tend to be more irregularly shaped

The nurse is assisting in the preparation of an educational seminar about breast pathology. What characteristics of cancerous breast lesions should the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply)

4. Papanicolaou

The nurse is assisting the HCP in a procedure used for cytology of the surface of the cervix. Which procedure does the nurse understand is being performed? 1. Conization 2. Endometrial biopsy 3. Lesion extraction 4. Papanicolaou

High-fat diet and alcohol intake

The nurse is assisting with a community education class on breast cancer prevention. Which risk factors should the nurse include in this training?

Take the Flagyl as prescribed, even if your symptoms are gone

The nurse is assisting with teaching a patient who has been placed on metronidazole (Flagyl) for bacteria vaginosis. What instruction by the nurse is appropriate?

Starting with the first day of your period, record your temperature first thing each morning

The nurse is assisting with teaching a woman who is having difficulty conceiving. What instruction should the nurse provide about keeping a basal body temperature chart?

Weigh her perineal pads before and after use

The nurse is teaching a woman with a menstrual disorder how to measure menstrual flow. Which instruction should the nurse include?

4. "Starting with the first day of your period, record your temperature first thing each morning."

The nurse is assisting with teaching to a woman who is having difficulty conceiving. Which instruction does the nurse provide about keeping a basal body temperature chart? 1. "Record your temperature in the late afternoon each day for 3 months." 2. "Record your temperature every 4 hours, starting the first day of each month." 3. "Record your temperature three times each day of your period, then once a day thereafter." 4. "Starting with the first day of your period, record your temperature first thing each morning."

BRCA1

The nurse is caring for a client who reports their mother, aunt, and sister have all had breast cancer. The nurse should educate the client about which test?

Redness of the palms and feet

The nurse is caring for a client with toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which clinical manifestation can the nurse expect to find?

Perform a scratch test

The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from a hysterectomy earlier in the day. Four hours later, the woman is unable to urinate. What assessment should the nurse use to determine bladder distention and be comfortable for the patient?

Pain level of 7 on a 0-10 scale

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a left mastectomy earlier in the day and informs the nurse of several concerns. Which should the nurse attend to first?

c. The chest incision makes the patient hesitant to deep breathe and cough.

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a mastectomy for breast cancer 2 days ago and is now developing pulmonary congestion. Why is a mastectomy patient at risk for pulmonary complications? a. Breast cancer has often spread to the lungs before diagnosis. b. Pathogens may have been introduced during the surgical procedure. c. The chest incision makes the patient hesitant to deep breathe and cough. d. Mastectomy patients must remain on bedrest for 48 to 72 hours postoperatively.

-Wash hands before handling the breast -NSAIDs may be used to help control the pain -Wear a bra to support the swollen painful breast -Change the infants ending position on the breast frequently

The nurse is caring for a patient who is breastfeeding and receiving antibiotics for mastitis. What should be included in the patients teaching? (Select all that apply)

NSAIDs

The nurse is caring for a patient with primary dysmenorrhea. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed because it blocks prostaglandin synthesis?

a. "Call if you experience bleeding for more than 3 days." c. "Call if there is more bleeding than during a heavy period." d. "Abstain from sexual intercourse as directed by your physician."

The nurse is caring for a woman who has just had a spontaneous abortion. Which instructions do the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.) a. "Call if you experience bleeding for more than 3 days." b. "The discharge often has a foul odor due to the procedure c. "Call if there is more bleeding than during a heavy period." d. "Abstain from sexual intercourse as directed by your physician." e. "You can expect to pass large clots the size of golf balls"

d. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

The nurse is collecting data from a female client who is having difficulty conceiving. The nurse notes that he client has increased amounts of body and facial hair, is moderately overweight, and has acne-like lesion on the face. Which medical condition is the nurse likely to suspect? a. Immature ovaries b. Severe endometriosis c. Decreased estrogen hormone d. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

D. "Has sexual functioning and desire changed?"

The nurse is collecting data from a female patient regarding normal function baselines of the reproductive system. Which question is appropriate for the nurse to ask? A. "Do you have any questions about sex?" B. "How many sexual partners have you had?" C. "Have you ever been treated for a sexually transmitted infection, or STI?" D. "Has sexual functioning and desire changed?"

b. Difficulty when attempting to sit

The nurse is collecting data from a female patient with a possible Bartholin gland cyst. Which data does the nurse need to validate? a. Lack of pain with intercourse b. Difficulty when attempting to sit c. Foul odor drainage with perineum d. Inability to void related to pain

3. G4P2A1

The nurse is collecting health history on a female client who is considered a high-risk pregnancy. Which information will the nurse record if the patient has had four pregnancies, a miscarriage at 16 weeks, one 22-week stillborn delivery, and delivery at term to a set of twins and a single birth? 1. G4P4A1 2. G4P2A2 3. G4P2A1 4. G4P3A2

B. A dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

The nurse is collecting information from a female patient who is 55 years of age. The patient is postmenopausal for 8 years. The patient is also small boned, Caucasian, and has never been pregnant. Which type of bone testing does the nurse suggest to the patient? A. A heel scan that is performed at the local pharmacy B. A dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan C. A laboratory test to determine estrogen levels D. A blood test to determine circulating calcium levels

1. The manifestations of the condition usually subside with menopause.

The nurse is contributing to information for women in a fibrocystic breast disease support group. Which information does the nurse suggest including? 1. The manifestations of the condition usually subside with menopause. 2. One cause is related to the use of hormonal birth control medications. 3. The disease process frequently results in the development of cancer. 4. Women between the ages of 20 and 30 years are most susceptible

C. The process is related to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone hormones.

The nurse is discussing menstruation with a patient who is present for her yearly physical. The patient is 11 years of age and states, "I have not had a period yet and I hear so much at school it is confusing." Which detail about the function is unnecessary at this time? A. Normally, a cycle will occur approximately every 28 days. B. A period usually lasts about 5 days and bleeding is not excessive C. The process is related to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone hormones. D. Cramping can occur, but is not usually severe and can be managed fairly easy.

4. Short stature

The nurse is in the initial stage of physical examination with a male patient. Which observation by the nurse is most likely unrelated to a hormone imbalance? 1. Gynecomastia 2. Absence of facial hair 3. Lack of pubic hair 4. Short stature

a. Normal pH of the vagina is alkaline to prevent microbial growth

The nurse is preparing a presentation about the normal reproductive system of the female. Which condition is incorrect? a. Normal pH of the vagina is alkaline to prevent microbial growth b. Females have a definite limit to reproductive capability c. The mammary glands are considered part of the reproductive system d. Internal structures included paired ovaries, and fallopian tubes, a vagina and uterus

D. The arterioles of the penis constrict to hold blood in the penis for an erection.

The nurse is preparing a presentation about the normal reproductive system of the male. Which statement is incorrect? A. The scrotum keeps the testes at a temperature slightly lower than the body. B. Spermatogenesis is constant after puberty and usually continues through life. C. Alkaline secretions ensure sperm viability in the acidic environment of the vagina. D. The arterioles of the penis constrict to hold blood in the penis for an erection.

2. "The only choice I have at this point is to have a bilateral mastectomy."

The nurse is providing care and support to a female client who tested positive for the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional information from the nurse is necessary? 1. "I think this requires that I be closely monitored for breast cancer." 2. "The only choice I have at this point is to have a bilateral mastectomy." 3. "This may explain why there is such a high incidence of family breast cancer." 4. "I feel blessed to have this information, it may save my female family members."

3. Discuss how to perform Kegel exercises.

The nurse is providing care for a female patent diagnosed with displacement disorders currently being treated with placement of a pessary. Which nursing care is the most important for the nurse implement? 1. Provide information about weight management. 2. Suggest methods to avoid constipation. 3. Discuss how to perform Kegel exercises. 4. Inform of symptoms to report to the HCP.

4. They target cancer cells and are less toxic to normal body cells.

The nurse is providing care for a female patient diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. The patient states, "I have done some research about targeted therapies and I'm not sure it is the best option." Which information does the nurse provide? 1. They will decrease positive body responses for some patients. 2. They are still experimental and are not available for stage II cancer. 3. They require positive testing for HER2 protein on the cancer cells. 4. They target cancer cells and are less toxic to normal body cells.

-Encourage ambulation -Increase oral fluid intake -Provide a high fiber diet -Provide stool softener as ordered

The nurse is providing care for a patient after a hysterectomy. Which interventions are appropriate to prevent constipation? (Select all that apply)

-Encourage the client to stop smoking -Teach client to limit alcohol consumption -Encourage the client to develop a regular exercise regimen

The nurse is providing care for a woman experiencing PMS. Which nursing actions should be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply)

"Prostate surgery can cause erectile dysfunction. I'll ask your surgeon to explain the risks to you."

The nurse is providing preoperative care for an 80-year-old patient who is scheduled to have prostate surgery. The patient says, "I know a man who was impotent after this surgery. Will that happen to me?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Increasing my caffeine intake will reduce discomfort."

The nurse is providing teaching for a client with fibrocystic breast disease. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

1. "I will report feelings of dizziness to my physician."

The nurse is reviewing discharge teaching for a patient who has undergone laparoscopic surgery. Which patient statement indicates that discharge teaching is effective? 1. "I will report feelings of dizziness to my physician." 2. "I will call for a refill prescription if pain is intense." 3. "I will maintain a full liquid diet until nausea passes." 4. "I will refrain from showering until the staples are removed."

1. Mons pubis 2. Bartholin's glands 4. Clitoris

The nurse is reviewing the anatomy of the reproductive tract with a female patient. Which structures do the nurse identify as being part of the vulva? (Select all that apply.) 1. Mons pubis 2. Bartholin's glands 3. Cervix 4. Clitoris 5. Vagina

A 28-year-old woman who sits at a desk 5 days a week

The nurse is reviewing the health histories of several patients scheduled for appointments with the health clinic. Which patient would the nurse recognize as being predisposed to developing a vaginal yeast infection?

1 week after menses

The nurse is teaching a client about breast self-examination (BSE). When should the nurse instruct the client to perform the exam?

I should put the suppository in the night after I get into bed

The nurse is teaching a patient how use a daily vaginal suppository. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

HIV

The nurse notes that a female patient has been treated for vaginal yeast infections 6 times in one year. For which additional health problem should the nurse suspect the patient should be evaluated?

D. The patient has cancer that has metastasized to the bone.

The nurse reviews laboratory values for a male patient with an elevated PSA level and notes that the alkaline phosphatase and serum calcium levels are also elevated. Which condition do these findings suggest to the nurse? A. The patient has a fulminating bladder infection. B. The patient has a sexually transmitted infection. C. The patient has an obstruction of the spermatic cord. D. The patient has cancer that has metastasized to the bone.

b. A 45 year old patient who smokes and is treated for diabetes and hypertension

The nurse works in the office of an HCP specializing in female health. Which patient does the nurse identify as being at greatest risk due to prescribed oral contraceptives? a. A 38 year-old patient with a high stress job who is being treated for anxiety b. A 45 year old patient who smokes and is treated for diabetes and hypertension c. A 20 year old patient with a family history of cardiovascular disease d. A 30 year old patient with a history of thrombophlebitis and high cholesterol

a. smoking one pack of cigarettes per day

What data obtained during a healthy history identifies patients at risk for developing a coagulation disorder?

Oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates the release of milk from the breast?