Quiz 7, Quiz 8, QUIZ 9

Which of the following hypotheses regarding the cause of the Cambrian explosion and decline of Ediacaran biota is false. Question 6 options: A rise in atmospheric oxygen The evolution of the Hox gene complex and addition of new microRNAs (small RNAs involved in gene regulation) New predator-prey relationships emerged (Red Queen Hypothesis) A decline in atmospheric oxygen influenced body morphology

A decline in atmospheric oxygen influenced body morphology

A _________ is a digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus that lies within a fluid-filled pseudocoelom. Question 7 options: Invertebrate cavityXXX Alimentary canal Gastrovascular cavityXXX Body cavityXXX Longitudinal cavityXXX

Alimentary canal

Which of the following is true of the Mesozoic Era? Question 8 options: The first mammals emerged. All are correct. Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates. Flowering plants and insects diversified. Coral reefs emerged, becoming important marine ecological niches for other organisms.

All are correct.

Which of the traits listed below are considered derived characteristics of mammals? Question 7 options: Possess mammary glands that produce milk Possess kidneys that conserve water from waste Are endothermic with a high metabolic rateXX Have extensive parental care All of the above are derived traits of mammals.

All of the above are derived traits of mammals.

Which of the traits below are derived characteristics of primates? § §A large brain and short jaws §Forward-looking eyes close together on the face, providing depth perception §A fully opposable thumb (in monkeys and apes) Question 5 options: Most primates have hands and feet adapted for grasping, and flat nails instead of claws A large brain and short jawsXX Forward-looking eyes close together on the face, providing depth perception A fully opposable thumb (in monkeys and apes)XXX All of the above are derived traits of primates.

All of the above are derived traits of primates.

Birds are highly adapted for flight, and rely on which of the derived traits below? Question 2 options: Hollow bones Wings with keratinized feathers Efficient circulatory system All of the traits are derived traits. None of the traits are derived traits.

All of the traits are derived traits.

Which characterize(s) an animal body plan? Question 3 options: All three - symmetry, tissues, body cavity Tissues Both symmetry & tissues Symmetry Body cavity

All three - symmetry, tissues, body cavity

If you discovered a fossil that fit between the crocodilians and pterosaurs, what feature would it probably have? Question 1 options: MilkXX Fins Wings Amniotic eggs Feathers

Amniotic eggs

This group of vertebrate leads a dual life, which refers to the metamorphosis of an aquatic larva into a terrestrial adult. Question 7 options: LanceletsXXX Tunicates Amphibians ReptilesXXX Lobe-finned fishXX

Amphibians

Which of the following is an example of a protostome? Question 2 options: Annelid None are examples of a protostome.XXX All are examples of a protostome.XXX Chordate XXX EchinodermXxx

Annelid

If you wanted to show an example of segmentation to a group of visiting students, which phylum would be the best choice? Question 5 options: NematodaXXX Porifera CnidariaXXXterm-10 Mollusca Arthropoda

Arthropoda

A confused friend from your course has made a Halloween costume that is supposed to show one animal phylum. It has a hard outer shell and a water vascular system. You point out that the costume combines features of Question 1 options: Platyhelminthes and Cnidaria. Chordata and Cnidaria. Arthropoda and Echinodermata. Echinodermata and Chordata. Cnidaria and Porifera.xXX

Arthropoda and Echinodermata.

This group of mollusc is found in aquatic environments, and is characterized by a hinged shell. Question 7 options: Bivalves Annelids GastropodsXXX Chitons Cephalopods

Bivalves

The term used to describe the initial opening of an embryo. Question 8 options: GastrulaXXX Blastopore Stomata PoreXXX AquaporinXXx

Blastopore

This embryonic structure is formed following multiple rounds of cell cleavage of the fertilized egg. Question 5 options: Chimera Gamete Gastrula ZygoteXXX Blastula??

Blastula??

These flagellated cells function to pull water into the body of the sponge, and can differentiate into sperm during sexual reproduction. Question 9 options: Amoebocytes Leukocytes Choanocytes??? Cnidocytes Erythrocytes

Choanocytes???

This group has a skeleton composed primarily of cartilage, have exposed gill slits, and lack a swim bladder. Examples of this group are rays and skates. Question 10 options: Chondrichthyans Lamprey TunicatesXX Osteichthyans Bony fish

Chondrichthyans

This phylum comprises all vertebrates and two groups of invertebrates, the urochordates and cephalochordates. Question 3 options: PoriferaXXX VertebrataXXx Chordata ArthropodaXX Echinodermata

Chordata

Which of the following animal phyla is not an invertebrate? Question 5 options: Chordata NematodaXXX CnidariaXXX EchinodermataXXX ArthropodaXXX

Chordata

You are dissecting an unidentified animal. It is radially symmetric and has no body cavity. To what phylum might it belong? Question 10 options: Cnidariaterm-7?? Platyhelminthes Chordata AnnelidaXXX

Cnidariaterm-7??

The tentacles of cnidarians are armed with these unique cells that function in defense and capture of prey. Question 10 options: Nematocysts ChoanocytesXXX Leukocytes Cnidocytes Amoebocytes

Cnidocytes

This process is characterized by a larval stage that look entirely different from the adult stage after undergoing pupation. Question 1 options: Incomplete metamorphosisXXX Complete metamorphosis Complete makeover Indeterminate change Parthenogenesis

Complete metamorphosis

What should animals with radial symmetry be better able to do than those with bilateral symmetry? Question 10 options: Focus attention in a single direction Move quickly in one directionXXX Detect threats from above or below equally well Move quietly through their environment Deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in all directions???

Deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in all directions???

The type of cell cleavage in which each cell has the capacity to develop into a complete embryo? Question 3 options: Determinate cleavage Orbital cleavage Indeterminate cleavageXXX Spiral cleavage

Determinate cleavage

Which of the following ways is not an intended function of a body cavity. Question 7 options: Distributes nutrients throughout the body>?? Enables internal organs to grow and move independently of the outer body wall Fluid as like a skeleton against which muscles can workXXX Fluid cushions the suspended organs

Distributes nutrients throughout the body>??

This group of invertebrate is characterized by being covered in a tough coat called a cuticle, which undergoes a process of molting. Question 2 options: CnidariansXXX NematodesXXX MolluscsXXX TrematodesXXX Ecdysozoans

Ecdysozoans

Which phylum has a water vascular system? Question 4 options: ArthropodaXXX CnidariaXXX NematodaXXX AnnelidaXXX Echinodermata

Echinodermata

Reptiles are this type of organism, which rely on absorbing external heat as the main source of body heat, and regulate their body temperature through behavioral adaptations. Question 8 options: Placoderm Endotherm Ectotherm Polytherm Homeotherm

Ectotherm

The type of animal life that existed during the Neoproterozoic Era, and consisted of simple, radially segmented organisms. Question 4 options: Cambrian biotaXX Proterozoic biotaXXX Ediacaran biota Neolithic biotaXXX Primary biota

Ediacaran biota

Which of the following is false about the Cenozoic Era? Question 5 options: These extinctions included the large, nonflying dinosaurs and the marine reptiles. Ediacaran fauna dominated the landscape. The beginning of the Cenozoic era followed mass extinctions of both terrestrial and marine animals. The global climate cooled Mammals increased in size and exploited vacated ecological niches.

Ediacaran fauna dominated the landscape.

Sponges are this type of feeder that captures food particles suspended in the water. Question 6 options: Systemic feeder Filter feeder Bulk feeder Substrate feeder Mobile feeder

Filter feeder

Which of the following triploblastic organisms is incorrectly paired with its body cavity classification? Question 9 options: Sponge—acoelomate Nematode—pseudocoelomateXXX Earthworm—coelomate Flatworm—pseudocoelomate??? Planarian—acoelomate

Flatworm—pseudocoelomate???

Which is not a reason for the rise in the diversity of animal phyla during the Cambrian? Question 4 options: An increase in atmospheric oxygen permitted larger bodied animals to thrive.XXX Global cooling triggered shifts in animal lineages.??? Hox genes facilitated the evolution of new forms. Predators acquired novel adaptations. Prey species acquired new defenses.

Global cooling triggered shifts in animal lineages.???

Identify the group of vertebrates that possess a jaw. Question 3 options: Lancelets Gnathostomes HagfishXX Lamprey TunicatesXX

Gnathostomes

One hypothesis for the origin of these structures is they evolved by modification of the skeletal rods that supported the pharyngeal (gill) slits. Question 2 options: Eyes Jaws Olfactory bulb Front limbs Inner ear bones

Jaws

Unlike many amphibians (toads are an exception), reptiles have this type of skin that helps to reduce water loss to the environment. Question 9 options: EnergizedXX Keratinized Revitalized Theorized Collagenized

Keratinized

Which of the following is not one of the four derived characteristics unique to chordates. Question 1 options: Pharyngeal slits or clefts Kidneys NotochordXX Muscular, post-anal tailXXX Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Kidneys

Identify the group of fish below that is considered jawless. Question 6 options: Cartilaginous fish CatfishXX Bony fish Lamprey Shark

Lamprey

These are rows of organs sensitive to vibrations that are located along each side of the body of aquatic gnathostomes. Question 2 options: Tracheal systemXXX Lateral line system Nervous systemXXX Water vascular systemXXX Gastrovascular systemXX

Lateral line system

Tetrapods evolved from what group? Question 4 options: Ray-finned fish TunicatesXXX Cartilaginous fishXX Lobe-finned fish LanceletsXXX

Lobe-finned fish

This structure found in phylum Mollusca is responsible for secreting the shell. Question 6 options: Muscular foot Visceral mass Gastrovascular cavity RadulaXXX Mantle

Mantle

The only group of mammal capable of laying an amniotic egg. Question 5 options: BirdsXXX Monotremes Marsupials KangarooXX EutheriansXXx

Monotremes

Which is the closest living group to the primates? Question 8 options: AmphibiansXXX Bony fishXX Monotremes Birds Reptiles

Monotremes

Which of the following statements about arthropods is false? Question 8 options: Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end. Arthropod bodies are completely covered by a cuticle. Arthropods have well-developed sensory organs. Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures specialized for gas exchange.

Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end.

Which is a member of the Bilateria? Question 1 options: Ctenophora Porifera Nematoda Cnidaria

Nematoda

This structure is a longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord that provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of a chordate. Question 3 options: Kidneys Notochord Pharyngeal slits or clefts Muscular, post-anal tail Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Notochord

Your friend, who was setting up a lab on arthropods for your class, put out specimens of the following groups. Which needs to be removed? Question 2 options:Chelicerates Ophiuroids PancrustaceansXXX MyriapodsXXX

Ophiuroids

You are dissecting an unidentified animal. It is bilaterally symmetric and has no body cavity. To what phylum might it belong? Question 7 options: Arthropoda Annelida Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Chordata

Platyhelminthes

This phylum is the best example of an an animal group with enhanced overall surface area. Question 3 options: Annelida Echinodermata Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda

Platyhelminthesterm-8

The flatworm excretory apparatus consists of these structures, which are networks of ciliated tubules that pull fluid through ducts opening to the outside environment. Question 9 options: Protonephridia Nephrons Protons KidneysXXX CapillariesXXX

Protonephridia

If you introduced the following groups of vertebrates to a newly formed island with little surface water, which would probably become dominant? Question 10 options: Reptiles CaeciliansXxx AmphibiansXXX Bony fishXX Coelacanths

Reptiles

Which statement about Hox genes would lose points on a test? Question 2 options:The Hox gene family underwent a series of duplications. xxx Complex animals such as chordates lack Hox genes. Hox genes regulate the formation of the anterior-posterior axis. Most animals share a unique homeobox-containing family of genes. Simple animals such as sponges possess Hox genes. ???

Simple animals such as sponges possess Hox genes. ???

This structure regulates the buoyancy of bony fish. Question 1 options: Lungs Operculum Urinary bladder Swim bladder Gallbladder

Swim bladder

Which of the following groups is the parasitic group belonging to Rhabditophora. Question 8 options: Nematodes Trematodes Planaria Cnidarians Catenulids

Trematodes

Which is the oldest amniote group? Question 4 options: CrocodiliansXXX BirdsXXX PlesiosaursXXX PterosaursXX Turtles

Turtles

The ability to walk upright on two limbs is termed Question 6 options: quadrapedalism. monopedalism. bipedalism. pedalism.XX dipedalism.

bipedalism.

If you discovered a new organism with 10 jointed legs, you would expect it to have Question 10 options: a water vascular system. a radula. muscles attached to an exoskeleton. a siphon. a closed circulatory system.

muscles attached to an exoskeleton.

There are two variations on the cnidarian body plan, the sessile __________ and motile __________. Question 3 options: child, adultXXX larva, metamorphXXx polyp, medusa medusa, polyp metamorph, larvaXXX

polyp, medusa

During deuterostome development cell cleavage is __________, and cell fate is __________. Question 6 options: asymmetrical, polar radial, indeterminate/?? spiral, determinate XXX determinate, radial indeterminate, spiral

radial, indeterminate/??

The major difference between the two divisions of annelids, the errantians and sedentarians, is that Question 4 options: sedentarians contain parapodia. sedentarians are all marine organisms. sedentarians are more mobile than errantians.XXX errantians include leeches. sedentarians are less mobile than errantians.

sedentarians are less mobile than errantians.

The evolutionary significance of the amniotic egg is that it allowed animals to Question 9 options: lay more eggs to increase offspring number. give birth to live young. severe ties with the water for reproduction. exploit more niches in aquatic environments. lay eggs on the land and in the water.

severe ties with the water for reproduction.