quiz and lesson for chapters 11-13

Agriculture

"Our farms are so productive that many people live in towns" "We use cows to give us milk and to plow" "We have a very complex division of labor"

Hunting and gathering

"We live in large extended family groups" "Our daily work involves searching for things to eat and use" "We move a lot in search of food"

Horticulture

"We plant fruits and vegetables with digging sticks and hoes" "We have domesticated small animals"

An individual is most likely to be murdered by:

*****a family member.***** a law-enforcement officer. a stranger. a drug dealer or a drug user. someone seeking to rob him.

Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called:

*****a knowledge worker.****** a service worker. an industrial worker. a social worker. a capitalist.

Who owns the means of production in a socialist society?

****workers**** the government capitalists peasants

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone from a different background?

***Exogamy*** endogamy homogamy out-group orientation romantic diversification

Which of these workers would be most typical of the economy in America today?

22-year-old man who has a union job doing construction in New York City a 55-year-old man who works on the assembly line at Boeing making aircraft parts a 25-year-old woman who paints dollhouse furniture and sells it on eBay ***a 30-year-old woman who works as a customer service representative for a cell phone company*** an 18 year-old college dropout who hacks into credit card companies computer systems and uses cybertheft to pay the bills

In the premodern world, the line between work and play was not very clearly defined. Why was this the case?

Religious beliefs prohibited this distinction. Too many people died young. ****People had fewer recreational options.**** Warfare occupied too much of people's time. People didn't have adequate technology for recreation.

True or false capitalism is democratic while socialism is autocratic.

False

Edward Brent, a professor of sociology at the University of Missouri, has invented a piece of software called Qualrus, which he uses to grade students' papers. He claims this saves him at least 200 hours of grading every year. Why is using a computer program to grade a particularly capitalist technique?

It focuses on the analysis of knowledge. ****It encourages efficiency through technological innovation.**** It treats everyone equally. It increases the fairness of the grading system. It allows greater state control of how we teach students and the kind of workers that schools produce.

How did the Industrial Revolution change the common meaning of family?

It stopped mattering whether children were present. Family no longer exclusively referred to people who shared a household. The number of people who were thought of as belonging to a single family tended to shrink. It shifted from the nuclear family to the extended family. ****It shifted from the extended family to the nuclear family.****

What factors are involved in forming relationships and selecting mates?

Personal chemistry The unique individual characteristics of the individuals involved *****The tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age***** The desire to find a mate who is exotic and comes from a radically different background The tendency to look for a mate far from home

What would a symbolic interactionist studying the family be most interested in?

The inequalities associated with men's negligible role in raising and caring for infants The diminished role that the family plays in teaching children important skills ****The way that gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important than others**** The genealogy of a family from colonial times down to the present day The way that increasing divorce rates are making it harder for families to function and to socialize their children

What is the purpose of work in a capitalist society?

To produce a profit for owners.

True or false supporters of capitalism believe that it is superior to socialism because it is a more productive economic system that encourages and rewards individual effort.

True

Which of the following would be an example of a contingent worker?

authors like Stephen King and Dean Koontz who are able to live off the royalties from their books a plumber who owns his own business, even though he has no employees ****a stripper who is considered to be an independent contractor and therefore exempt from minimum wage laws**** a producer at a news station who is forced to sign a three-year contract university professors who have tenure, making them much harder to fire

Chrysler was one of America's original automobile makers, established in Detroit in 1925. But from 1998 to 2007, they were part of the German-based company DaimlerChrysler, and after they declared bankruptcy in 2009, they explored a merger with Fiat, an Italian automotive manufacturer. This example reminds us that most big companies today are:

based in Europe. part of the information economy. *****transnational.****** in trouble. unionized.

Given the history of the family, what sort of changes do you think would be most likely to make the extended family more relevant again?

changes in America's political structure that cause family values to be more important ****changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job**** changes in divorce laws that make it harder for couples to separate changes in American culture that lead us to spend less time at work changes in religion that cause adults to reevaluate how they relate to their parents

In The Office clip, Jim says taht he doesn't know what to do with all his "useless knowledge". This is an example of

disassociation resistance ****alienation****

Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny. The suspicion would be that the child is a victim of:

neglect

What changes in the economy would be associated with travel agents hiring inmates in minimum security prisons to take calls and schedule vacations for customers?

the increasingly socialist features of the American economy the Industrial Revolution the decline of unions ****the growth of information technology**** the rise of capitalism

How would a sociologist define "family"?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household ****an interdependent social group bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties**** both the nuclear family and the extended family to the extent that family members share emotional and material responsibilities a group of related people who share a household almost any social group so long as they share responsibilities for raising children

When Japanese cars that are made entirely in Japan are imported into the United States to be sold to Americans, and American jeans made in the United States are exported to Japan to be sold to Japanese, it is an example of:

volunteerism. ****shallow integration.**** deep integration. globalization. runaway shops.

Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?

women's groups chambers of commerce the PTA ****unions**** the federal government

Who owns the means of production in a capitalist society?

workers government ***capitalists*** peasants