Quiz answers Chapters 1-3

Reporting results of research: a)Contains no inherent ethical pitfalls b)Requires accuracy as well as a responsibility to report both significant and insignificant results c)Does not require the researcher to be concerned about plagiarism as journal editors will address citation issues d)None of the above

b)Requires accuracy as well as a responsibility to report both significant and insignificant results

Key words

common words used as search criteria to acquire sources on a particular subject.

Belmont Report principles include ALL BUT WHICH of the following: a)Respect for persons b)Beneficence c)Justice d)Veracity

d)Veracity

Google Scholar

free access database for articles published in academic and other journals

Scientist practitioner

researchers who use data-based interventions that have been proven to be effective through research

A primary consideration in selecting relevant literature is: a)Availability b)Quality c)Multiple authorship d)Seminal

b)Quality

ALL BUT WHICH are true regarding sample size a)Realistically, the larger the sample the greater the generalizability b)Trade-off occurs between the most desirable size and the most practical size c)There are absolute minimum numbers that must be met for a study to be valid d)Subject availability and cost factors are legitimate considerations

c)There are absolute minimum numbers that must be met for a study to be valid

Methods of determining a research topic include: a)Studying personal interests b)Studying topics mentioned in academic courses c)Replicating a previous study d)All of the above e)a & b only

e)a & b only

Process goals

objectives you set for yourself to accomplish the task of reviewing the literature for a research proposal

Research integrity

"a commitment to intellectual honesty and personal responsibility" and "adherence to rules, regulations, guidelines, and commonly accepted professional codes or norms"

Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HAPI)

175,000 assessment related journal articles for the helping profession

PsychINFO

American Psychological Association (APA) collection of nearly 2.3 million citations and summaries of scholarly journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations, in psychology and related disciplines, dating as far back as the 1800s; 97% of entries are peer reviewed

An inference or speculation that is indicative of the researcher's best estimation of the projected results of the research is the

Hypothesis

One of the primary applications of counseling research is

Improving/controlling behavior

The Scientist-Practitioner model was formulated as a way to

Integrate research and therapy

A best practice approach to counseling

Integrates clinical experience and empirically validated treatment approaches

The Scientist-Practitioner model

Provides direction for developing evidenced based treatment practices

Researchers wishing to study categorical variables would use which research design?

Quantitative

When a researcher is interested in linking or making an association between two or more phenomena, the design that should be used is

Relational

Something that has influenced the need for a Scientist Practitioner approach to counseling is

The practice of counseling has become increasingly time-limited

Education Abstracts

abstracts of articles from over 400 English-language periodicals as well as full-text articles beginning January 1996; covers a wide array of subjects from preschool to higher education

Using another's words or ideas as your own without proper citations is known as: a)Scholarly synthesis b)Plagiarism c)Sourcing d)All of the above

b)Plagiarism

Questions related to who bears the burden of risks and who should receive the benefits of research fall under the principle of? a) Respect for persons b) Beneficence c) Justice d) Veracity

c) Justice

A literature review is best defined as: a)A comprehensive and exhaustive analysis of all related published research b)A comparison of previous studies to the present study c)An overview of the pertinent literature on a published topic d)A discussion of the present study's results in comparison to existing literature

c)An overview of the pertinent literature on a published topic

Characteristics of quality research include ALL BUT WHICH of the following: a)A focus on a small slice of a large problem b)Being limited in scope c)Broad research questions in order to maximize generalizability d)Clearly defined research problem

c)Broad research questions in order to maximize generalizability

Researchers in which of the following examples did not inform participants they were being injected with cancer out of fear that is would frighten the participants and out of a belief that consent was not necessary? a)Nazi Medical War Crimes b)Tuskegee Syphilis study c)Jewish Chronic Disease hospital study d)Willowbrook study

c)Jewish Chronic Disease hospital study

Once a piece of literature has been selected, it is the researcher's responsibility to: a)Assess relevance b)Assess reliability c)Determine usefulness to the study at hand d)All of the above

d)All of the above

An overview of a study that does not go into the methodology in depth is known as a: a)Scholarly journal b)Database c)Primary source d)Secondary source

d)Secondary source

Electronic databases

electronic sources that a library has paid a fee for you to use; typically reliable source of published articles

APA Style

established by The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, currently in its 5th edition (2001); provides a standardized formatting style for writing, organizing, and referencing research

Academic Search Premiere

largest scholarly, multi-disciplinary, full text database designed specifically for academic institutions; includes resources for social sciences, education, humanities, engineering, language and linguistics, computer sciences, arts & literature, medical sciences, and ethnic studies

Convenience sampling

made up of the members of the larger population that are more accessible to the researcher; gathered based on non-random methods; also known as opportunity samples.

Stratified random sampling

method which ensures that identified subgroups are represented in the sample; each subgroup is sampled equally

Secondary sources

present a secondhand account of the information; generally secondary sources have been assembled, organized, and evaluated by someone who reviewed the primary source(s)

Journals

publications with an editorial board and blind review process to insure integrity of articles published

Research ethics

the "study or science of right and wrong - of what one ought to do when confronted with conflicting values or obligations".

Which of the following is true regarding the hypothesis?

It is a tentative or potential answer to the proposed research questions

An event which involved extreme medical experiments which tormented patients to death in the name of science was: a)Nazi Medical War Crimes b)Tuskegee Syphilis study c)Jewish Chronic Disease hospital study d)Willowbrook study

a)Nazi Medical War Crimes

Concerns related to counseling research include ALL BUT WHICH of the following? a)As a profession, counselors are paying increasing attention to the efficacy of practice b)Counseling journals sponsored by ACA divisions are lacking in manuscript submissions c)Changes in funding requirements make research necessary d)Managed care requires counselors to examine treatment practices

b)Counseling journals sponsored by ACA divisions are lacking in manuscript submissions

All but which of the following are competencies to guide researchers who work with individuals from diverse backgrounds? a)Counselor use of appropriate intervention strategies b)Counselor fluency in multiple languages c)Counselor awareness of client's world view d)Counselor awareness of own cultural values and biases

b)Counselor fluency in multiple languages

ALL BUT WHICH are some of the core areas for counselors to consider if they are to engage in RCR? a)Mentor/trainee relationships b)Writing for publication c)Research misconduct d)Conflict of interest and commitment

b)Writing for publication

Researchers wishing to study characteristics of a particular group of people need to consider: a)Sample size b)Total population c)Generalizability d)All of the above e)a & c only

d)All of the above

Dissertation Abstracts

dissertations accepted from U.S. accredited institutions since 1861as well as selected international dissertations and master's theses since the 1980s

Counselors primarily conduct research in order to: a)Inform practice b)Become published authors c)Benefit clients d)a & b e)a & c

e) a&c

Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) is: a)Exemplified in the counselor who follows the ethical codes and maintains research integrity b)Defined as "conducting research in ways that fulfill the professional responsibilities of researchers, as defined by their professional organization, the institutions for which they work, and when relevant, the government and public" c)Required by law d)All of the above e)a & b only

e)a & b only

Random sampling

every person in the population has an equal and independent opportunity to participate in the research.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

examines a research study prior to it being conducted in order to weigh the risks versus benefits, determine how the client will be directly impacted, protections in place for possible risks, procedures participants will endure, and the method of informed consent.

Blind review

reviewers are unaware of the article's authorship and make acceptance decisions based on the quality of the study and article rather than the reputation of the writer

Internet sources

unreliable sources of information on sites that are hosted by a person or agency with an interest in the subject; prone to bias

Boolean operators

using "and", "or", and "not" to narrow search criteria

Which of the following defines characteristics with more than one attribute or value that can be observed or manipulated

Variables of interest

Scholarly sources

a respected, bias-free, source of literature; more reliable sources due to nature of editorial process

The strongest implication related to unethical research practices in counseling is: a)Concern for client or human participant harm b)Poor research writing/reporting c)Data storage procedures d)A well-documented history of client death in counseling research practices

a)Concern for client or human participant harm

The APA style manual directs researchers in ALL BUT WHICH of the following: a)Data analysis methods b)Grammar and syntax c)Language bias d)References

a)Data analysis methods

One method suggested in your text of improving scholarly writing ability is to: a)Edit the work of others b)Ensure that you are the only editor of your own work c)Hyperintellectualize your writing d)Send first drafts to journal editors

a)Edit the work of others

Mental Measurements Yearbook

information for over 1000 commercially available instruments used to measure personality, educational and academic skills, vocational skills, psychology, and other related areas

Scientist Practitioner (SP) model

integration of research and therapy

Justice

questions concerning who has to bear the burden of risks and who should receive the benefits of research; ensures fair treatment

Representativeness

sampling concept that indicates the sample provides researchers access to the data needed and can provide the same results as studying an entire population

Responsible conduct of research (RCR)

conducting research in ways that fulfill the professional responsibilities of researchers, as defined by their professional organization, the institutions for which they work, and when relevant, the government and public.

The use of headings in scholarly writing: a)Establish the hierarchy of sections b)Help to orient the reader c)Create a structure and flow to the points being made d)All of the above

d)All of the above

Primary sources

A piece of work that is considered the original report of research providing firsthand information on the topic; or is the first published account

Research question

A statement of the problem and its significance.

Cluster sampling

A successive series of random samples used when the overall population under consideration is too large for simple random sampling methods.

A systematic investigation which involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in a sequential manner in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon of interest is also known as

Research

Guiding the direction of the research, which of the following defines the relationship between what you want to know and how you intend to discover this knowledge through research?

Research question

Research designs that include selecting participants from identified subgroups within the total population employ

Stratified sampling

A primary reason for utilizing scholarly articles in a literature review is: a)Reliability of information b)They are more accessible c)Maintaining journal subscription rates d)None of the above are reasons for utilizing scholarly articles

a)Reliability of information

The Belmont principle that references the concepts that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents and provides protection for those with diminished autonomy is: a)Respect for persons b)Beneficence c)Justice d)Veracity

a)Respect for persons

Literature review

an overview of existing research on a particular topic; typically presented when proposing a research project

Quotations are best utilized when: a)The information can be summarized or paraphrased b)The original tone of the author is irrelevant c)Phrases of interest are idiosyncratic in nature d)They are in abundance throughout the body of the manuscript

c)Phrases of interest are idiosyncratic in nature

A piece of work that is considered the original report of research providing firsthand information or is the first published account is known as a: a)Scholarly journal b)Database c)Primary source d)Secondary source

c)Primary source

Researchers who practice with "a commitment to intellectual honesty and personal responsibility" and "adherence to rules, regulations, guidelines. and commonly accepted professional codes" are considered to be following the principles of: a)Research norms b)Ethical mandates c)Research integrity d)Client anonymity

c)Research integrity

Within the body of the literature review, it is the researcher's responsibility to: a)Report on each study read b)Report only those studies that confirm the current study c)Synthesize the relevant literature into a logical format d)Predict the results of the current study

c)Synthesize the relevant literature into a logical format

A primary reason to conduct research is: a)To be published and get tenure b)To obtain external funding c)To contribute to the existing literature d)none of the above

c)To contribute to the existing literature

Which of the following is most true regarding ethical complaints related to research in counseling: a)For the last decade, no complaints have been filed related to research b)The ACA does not track complaints by category c)Ethical complaints related to research are some of the most discussed complaints in the literature d)Approximately 1% of ethical inquiries of ACA relate to research and publication

d)Approximately 1% of ethical inquiries of ACA relate to research and publication

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are roles of the related literature found in a literature review: a)Defining the perimeters of the investigator's field b)Providing perspective for the research question c)Helping the researcher avoid unintentional replication of previous studies d)Defining APA style

d)Defining APA style

Validity

the extent to which the results of a measurement or procedure actually serve the purpose for which it is intended.

Reliability

the extent to which the results of a measurement or procedure are consistent from one measurement to another.

The Belmont Report

the foundation of the majority of ethical codes surrounding research human subjects.

Unbiased language

the language of scholarly writing that is free from stereotype or favoritism

Plagiarism

the presentation of another's ideas as if they were your own; in research writing, using another author's words, ideas, or ways of organizing a topic without properly crediting the original work

Beneficence

to do good

Empirically Supported Treatments (EST)

treatments that have been found to have important effects on specific problems

PsycTESTS

American Psychological Association (APA) database of over 20,000 mental health assessments.

PsychARTICLES

American Psychological Association (APA) pool of articles dating as far back as 1894

The ACA ethical code related to relationships between researchers and research participants a)Is similar to the codes related to relationships between counselors and clients b)States that nonprofessional relationships with participants is always avoidable c)Differs from codes related to counselors and their clients because nonprofessional relationships are encouraged between researchers and research participants d)Does not address documentation of rationale for the proposed interaction

a)Is similar to the codes related to relationships between counselors and clients

Which of the following is not true about The Belmont Report? a)Was created by the National Commission for Research Ethics b)Arose out of the legal implications of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study c)Is the cornerstone document of research ethics d)All of the above are true

a)Was created by the National Commission for Research Ethics

In the study by Davis, Wester and King (in press) reported in the chapter, the researchers found that 24% of respondents: a)reported a willingness to use deceptive practices to get clients to participate in a research study b)indicated they would be extremely likely to report inaccurate results in order to get a grant or get published c)self-reported a likelihood that they would unethically compensate participants to get a study off the ground d)indicated that they would never engage in unethical research practices

a)reported a willingness to use deceptive practices to get clients to participate in a research study

The quality or state of doing or producing good is known as: a)Respect for persons b)Beneficence c)Justice d)Veracity

b)Beneficence

When a reviewer is unaware of the authorship of the manuscript under consideration, it is known as: a)IRB b)Blind review c)Scholarly review d)Hidden review

b)Blind review

An avenue to search thousands of journals, books, chapters, and other documents is known as a: a)Scholarly journal b)Database c)Primary source d)Secondary source

b)Database

The Scientist-Practitioner model proposes three roles for the practicing counselor. They include ALL BUT WHICH of the following: a)Producers of new data b)Manuscript authors or co-authors c)Consumers of research d)Evaluators of effective therapy

b)Manuscript authors or co-authors

Sources that use an extensive review process are generally: a)Web based b)Scholarly journals c)Government documents d)Not available to counselors

b)Scholarly journals

Which of the following is most true about reference citations in APA style: a)Reference style is not addressed in APA style b)The author and title of the work are cited on the reference page and the author is cited in the body of the paper c)Authorship is to be listed alphabetically when written into the body of the paper d)Proper citations of paraphrased information is still plagiarism

b)The author and title of the work are cited on the reference page and the author is cited in the body of the paper

One of the longest running unethical research projects known was: a)Nazi Medical War Crimes b)Tuskegee Syphilis study c)Jewish Chronic Disease hospital study d)Willowbrook study

b)Tuskegee Syphilis study

Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)

clearinghouse for all areas of education and educational research established in the 1960s

The Institutional Review Board a)Is typically comprised of a minimum of five members b)Is charged with making decisions related to risks and benefits to participants c)Determine appropriateness of informed consent d)All of the above

d)All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding research questions? a)It is a statement of the problem and its significance b)They can be in declarative or question form c)It must be specific in focus and intention d)All of the above are true regarding research questions

d)All of the above are true regarding research questions

Examples of ethical concerns related to research include ALL BUT WHICH of the following: a)Issues of informed consent b)Client anonymity c)Ensuring best treatment for clients d)Fees and billing arrangement for counseling appointments

d)Fees and billing arrangement for counseling appointments

Researchers must consider ALL BUT WHICH of the following in determining if the topic is manageable: a)Am I truly interested in the topic? b)Do I have access to enough information? c)Is the topic feasible given time and other constraints? d)Has the topic been researched in the last 5 years?

d)Has the topic been researched in the last 5 years?

An event which raised questions about the adequacy of informed consent and freedom of human participants, especially children, was: a)Nazi Medical War Crimes b)Tuskegee Syphilis study c)Jewish Chronic Disease hospital study d)Willowbrook study

d)Willowbrook study