Quiz Chapter 3

What period did the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) cover?

2 million years ago to about 8000 B.C.E.

Why did trade begin?

Because the Neolithic skilled craftsmen wanted materials to improve the strength and beauty of the things they made.

What period did the Neolithic Age cover?

From around 8000 B.C.E. until about 3000 B.C.E.

How did the Stone Age get its name?

From the tools people made of stone

Why was the development of permanent shelters important?

Houses gave people protection from harsh weather and wild animals, they made life more comfortable, they allowed new ways of cooking food, and allowed people to form larger communities.

Where did farming develop during the Neolithic Age?

In parts of Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas.

What came with the growth of trade?

It allowed people to make use of more resources, brought them into contact with people from distant places, and helped spread ideas and knowledge around the ancient world.

When did the Stone Age begin and end?

It began with the first toolmaking hominids about 2 million years ago and lasted until around 3000 B.C. when people learned to make tools and weapons out of metal.

Name some Neolithic town and villages.

Jericho, Catal Hoyuk, and Jarmo

Early houses were made of what?

Packed mud bricks...sometimes they added stones and tree branches to strengthen the walls and roof.

Characteristics of the Paleolithic Age

People got their food by hunting wild animals and gathering nuts, berries and other plants, the people lived out in the open, the people rarely stayed in one place for long.

Characteristics of the Neolithic Age

People learned how to raise animals and crops for food around 8000 B.C.E. and for the first time, people settled in one place to live.

What were traders looking for?

Popular items like flint and obsidian, a black glass from volcanic mountains, used to make knife blades, arrowheads and mirrors...also people traded for "beauty products" like shell ornaments and a red ore called hematite which women rubbed on their lips and cheeks to make them redder.

What animals did the early farmers raise?

Sheep, goats and cattle for meat, milk from goats and cattle, and they used mules to carry heavy loads and pull plows.

The first great change brought about by agriculture was what?

The development of permanent shelters.

Describe early houses

The houses had openings high in the walls, people probably climbed ladders to get inside, inside were several rooms, places to store food were built into the floor, pits for cooking were dug into the floor and lined with clay.

Living in larger communities allowed for division of effort

They could divide up the work of producing food and other things they needed, while some workers grew crops, other built new houses and made tools.

With their basic needs met people had time for other activities like

They could invent new ways of making their lives safer and more comfortable, they could defend themselves more easily against enemies, these changes helped populations to grow where farming villages developed.

Neolithic people wanted to make themselves and their surroundings more beautiful

They decorated their pottery and baskets with geometric shapes, stoneworkers learned to polish stones to make shiny jewelry and mirrors, house builders added rooms to honor the gods and goddesses they believed in.

Agriculture

Together, the growing of crops and the domestication of animals.

When did humans discover farming?

Toward the end of the Stone Age

How were the lives of the people in the early settlements different from earlier hunter-gatherers?

With farms to provide their food, they could build permanent shelters and form larger communities, they could make better tools and clothing, they could trade with people in other places for resources they wanted, these changes made their lives safer, more comfortable and more interesting.

Ore

a mineral mined for its valuable uses

Focusing on one job allowed people to get better at that work...for example:

farmers in Catal Hoyuk learned how to grow more than 14 kinds of food plants, clothing makers developed a way to spin and weave, they wove natural fibers such as wool and linen into comfortable cloth, in some regions people mined flint so that stoneworkers could create sharper tools.

Neolithic Age

means New Stone Age

Paleolithic Age

means Old Stone Age.

Trade

the business of buying and selling or exchanging items

Agriculture

the business of farming

Domesticate

to train a wild animal to be useful to humans

Having a stable food supply allowed people to develop new jobs like

weavers, basket makers, toolmakers and traders.