Quiz for Thinking/Intelligence

Concepts and Prototypes

-A mental category that is used to group objects, events, and characteristics. -A model emphasizing that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item(s) in that category and look for a "family resemblance" with that item's properties

Cedric tells a new acquaintance that is "from Chicago" but when he learns that this man is also a Chicago native he corrects by listing he specific neighborhood in which he lives. This is called

audience design

3-year-old Camille is learning about the food groups. Her family often eats peas and carrots with dinner, so her prototype for a vegetable is most likely a

carrot

Standardization

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

Norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

units of language

sentence, phrases, words or morphemes, phonemes

The fact that Chinese speakers may be more likely to think about time on a vertical or a horizontal plane is an example of

linguistic determinism

Decision Biases

When we are evaluating our options, we may not only actively engage in heuristics (which are intentional shortcuts), but we may also engage in biased information processing (unintentional). Even if we are highly involved and motivated to engage in effortful information processing, it is possible that certain decision biases will enter our choice processes.

Heuristic

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms

The average IQ score is

85-115

Algorithm

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

The first intelligence test, and to identify children who might struggle in school, was designed by

Alfred Binet

What do the concepts of representative bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set.

What is true of gossip and story-telling?

As a story is retold, the stereotypical information is likely to be retained.

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficient Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder also have some sort of ______

Learning disability

Jake and Jack are identical twins, but Jake was born almost 15 minutes before Jack. They also have two sisters, Deondra and Daphne, who are 3 years and 6 years younger than them. Who is most likely to have the same IQ score?

Jake and Jack

Wendy's belief that rabbits are cute, fun, and intelligent animals is an example of a

Natural concepts

Internet search engines use ______ to show the appropriate results.

algorithms

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

Which of the following sequences demonstrates the correct order of the components of language from the smallest component to the broadest?

phoneme, morpheme, syntax

Confrimation bias

tendency to focus on info that agrees, while ignore info that disagrees