Quiz Q&A's
Four of the five answers listed below are true of a neuron at resting potential. Select the exception.
*interior of the neuron is positive* interior of the neuron has a negative charge more sodium ions outside the neuron more potassium ions inside the neuron membrane of the neuron is polarized
The resting potential of a neuron is approximately...
-70 millivolts
Which area of the brain helps to translate thoughts into speech by controlling tongue, throat, and lip muscles?
Broca's area
Which structure labeled on the diagram above is the synaptic cleft?
D
B
During which phase of the action potential graph above are voltage-gated sodium channels mostly open?
B
During which phase of the action potential is depolarization occurring?
B
During which phase of the action potential is sodium entering the neuron most rapidly?
Alpha- and Beta-receptors create cell responses via...
G protein-coupled receptors
B
In which part of the graph is the neuron depolarizing?
D
In which part of the graph is the neuron hyperpolarized?
C
In which part of the graph is the neuron repolarizing?
Target cells of parasympathetic nerve targets.
Muscarinic
Ganglia of parasympathetic nerves.
Nicotinic
Skeletal muscle cells.
Nicotinic
Eye movement (most of the rectus muscles and inferior oblique) and pupil control.
Oculomotor (III)
Brings scent information from nasal passages.
Olfactory (I)
Constrict lung bronchioles.
Parasympathetic Response
Increase activity in the digestive organs.
Parasympathetic Response
Spatial summation refers to which of the following?
Simultaneous graded potentials from different neurons compile in the trigger zone.
Constrict blood vessels going to the skin creating a pale appearance.
Sympathetic Response
Increase strength and rate of cardiac muscle contractions.
Sympathetic Response
Sensory information from mouth and face; sends signals for chewing.
Trigeminal (V)
Eye movement (superior oblique muscle).
Trochlear (IV)
Sends and receives parasympathetic signals to visceral organs.
Vagus (X)
Which area of the brain helps to interpret speech, connecting written or spoken words into ideas?
Wernicke's area
A
What transmits sound from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea?
An action potential is brought about by...
a local change in membrane permeability caused by a greater-than-threshold stimulus
Functionally speaking, a nerve impulse is...
a series of changes in membrane potentials
Cholinergic nerurons secrete the neurotransmitter ________________.
acetylcholine
Astigmatism is...
an asymmetrical lens shape
The word that best describes the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is...
antagonistic
The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the ____ and ____ nervous systems.
autonomic; somatic
The single long process that extends from a typical motor nerve cell is the...
axon
Parasympathetic nerves exit the central nervous system from the __________ and _________ regions.
brain stem; sacral
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system...
causes the pupils of the eye to dilate
Gray matter usually consists mostly of which of the following?
cell bodies
The input zone of a neuron is the...
cell body and its dendrites, but not the axon or its terminals
Interneurons are mostly found in the ____ nervous system.
central
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the...
central and peripheral nervous systems
The center for balance and posture is the...
cerebellum
This part of the brain controls the complex coordination of motor activity and limb movement.
cerebellum
The center of consciousness and intelligence is the...
cerebrum
Which is a junction between two neurons?
chemical synapse
Receptors in the human nose are...
chemoreceptors
The dark middle layer of the eye that prevents the scattering of light is the...
choroid
Light is focused by the...
cornea and lens
The parasympathetic nervous system includes...
cranial and sacral nerves
Within a single neuron, the direction an impulse follows is...
dendrite. cell body. axon.
The limbic system is involved in control of...
emotions
The semicircular canals are...
filled with a liquid
The highest concentration of cones is in the...
fovea
Pain receptors are usually what type of structure?
free nerve endings
Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside the central nervous system are known as...
ganglia
Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside the central nervous system are known as....
ganglia
The part of the brain that deals with the basic drives such as hunger, sex, and thirst is the...
hypothalamus
This region of the brain controls neural-endocrine activities such as temperature control.
hypothalamus
Signals from the parasympathetic nervous system cause which of the following?
increase in digestive system movements
The myelin sheath...
is formed by the Schwann cell; speeds up the transmission of impulses; does not surround all axons; acts as an insulator
All but which of the following are true of the spinal cord?
its gray matter contains mainly myelinated neurons
The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life processes (breathing, heartbeat) is the...
medulla oblongata
The brain and spinal cord are covered by the protective...
meninges
What cells are stimulated by brain injury and engulf dead and injured cells?
microglia
The sense of equilibrium can detect...
motion; acceleration; gravity; position
What is the name of the condition in which there is a deterioration of the myelin sheaths of the neurons in the spinal cord?
multiple sclerosis
Areas of the spinal cord appear glistening white because of...
myelin sheaths
Which bridges the gap between a neuron sending a message and the neuron receiving it?
neurotransmitter
The spaces that separate adjacent Schwann cells are called ____.
nodes
What cells perform the same functions in the brain that Schwann cells do in the peripheral nervous system?
oligodendrocytes
Which nerves generally dominate internal events when environmental conditions permit normal body functioning?
parasympathetic
The part of the brain that connects the cerebellum with the forebrain is the...
pons
At rest, a nerve cell has a high concentration of ____ inside and a high concentration of ____ outside.
potassium; sodium
Cones are...
sensitive to red light; sensitive to green light; sensitive to blue light; relatively insensitive to dim light
Afferent nerves are also called ____ nerves.
sensory
Pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are...
shorter than parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons
Which of the following is the first response a neuron makes to a stimulus?
sodium ions enter the cell
The membrane-bound enzyme system that restores and maintains the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps?
sodium-potassium
Interneurons are most often found in the...
spinal cord
During the "fight-flight" response, which of the following would typically be in use?
sympathetic nervous system; nicotinic receptors; epinephrine
The human tongue has many receptors that are specialized for...
taste
The major relay center of the brain is the...
thalamus
During the short recovery period before another action potential...
the sodium gates are shut and the potassium gates are opened
The sympathetic nervous system includes the...
thoracic and lumbar nerves
Pacinian corpuscles are used in detecting ___________.
vibration and pressure changes
The occipital lobe of the brain is responsible for __________.
vision