Quiz Questions - Exam 3

How many acres was a head of a household to receive under the Dawes Allotment Act?

160

In what year did Native Americans become United States citizens?

1924

What were the target ages for government-run boarding school students?

4-12

How many acres were people under the age of 18 to receive under the Dawes Allotment Act?

40

How many acres of land was a single person over age 18 was to receive under the Dawes Allotment Act?

80

What did tribes have to create in order to participate in the IRA, and the Indian WPA?

A Tribal Constitution modeled after the United States Constitution

What experiances did World War II bring to Native Americans?

A chance to be be a part of the United States, The first experience for Native Americans to earn large amounts of money in both factories and in the U.S. military off the reservations, and For many Native Americans it was thier first experience off the Reservation

What did the Dawes Allotment Act make Indian reservations look like?

A checkerboard

What caused the guns to be fired by the U.S. Army and caused the Wounded Knee Massacre on December 29, 1890 to begin?

A rifle being accidentally fired while U.S. Army soldiers were trying to disarm a deaf Lakota man

What did Luther Standing Bear believe was missing in his education in the boarding school system?

An equal cultural exchange education

In reality what did the Dawes Allotment Act become?

Another way for the United States to take away more Indian land

Why did Native Americans decide to fight for the United States during World War II?

Because their ancestral and home lands were within the United States and they did not want to lose those lands to the Japanese

After Sitting Bull was killed which band of Ghost Dancers did his followers join?

Bigfoot's Band

Which bands of Lakota Ghost Dancers did the U.S. Army massacre on December 29, 1890 at Wounded Knee Creek?

Bigfoot's and Sitting Bull's bands

Who came up with the idea of the government-run boarding schools?

Captain Richard Henry Pratt

Where did Gertrude Bonnin teach where she was appalled by the fact that the other teachers at the school were alcoholics and drug addicts and were only interested in their paychecks in which she wrote an article that was published in the Atlantic Monthly about these issues in the Indian Industrial Boarding Schools and was fired from her teaching position over this article?

Carlisle Indian Industrial School

Where was the first Indian Industrial Boarding School located?

Carlisle Pennsylvania

The first conference of the Society of American Indians that began on October 12, 1911 in Columbus Ohio a symbolic protest over what?

Columbus Day

What did Pratt believe was the answer to the "Indian Problem?"

Educate Indian children in useful occupations and vocations

Which language or languages were the Indian children only to speak while attending the boarding schools

English

Where did Captain Richard Pratt, who was supervising 72 Apache prisoners, observe that the Apache seemed to learn better while they were isolated from their tribe?

Fort Marion in St. Augustine Florida

Who was the Progressive educator that asked:"Why obliterate Native American culture, why not instead bring out the best of Native American culture to make a better Indian instead of a cheap copy of a white man?"

G. Stanley Hall

Which Native American woman made a significant contrabution to the Meriam Report?

Gertrude Bonnim

Who was the American Indian activist that was the most outspoken and critical of the government-run boarding school system, and U.S. Federal Indian Policy, and wrote several articles on these subjects that were published in the Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Weekly, during the 1910s and 1920s?

Gertrude Bonnin

Which two Native Americans were appointed to the Meriam Commission?

Gertrude Bonnin and Charles Eastman

What was the major problem the Navajo and several other tribes expereniced with the Indian Reorganization Act and the Indian WPA?

Increased dependancy on the U.S. government for jobs on the reservation

The Dawes Allotment Act was designed to break-up the reservation land holdings of the Indians and what else?

Indian communalism

What was one postive aspect of the Relocation Act of 1956?

It placed many Indians from many different tribes in close proximity to each other in an urban setting enabling them to create pressure groups, like the American Indain Movement (AIM), to demand and enact change to Federal Indian policy

Why did the Indian Agent at the Standing Rock Agency want Sitting Bull arrested and brought in?

It was rumored that Sitting Bull was about to join the Ghost Dancers

What did many Indians say about living on the reservations during the Great Depression?

It was the best time to live on the reservations because there were jobs and money for the first time

Who was the Indian athlete that ran away from the Carlisle Indian School and said he ran all the way home to Oklahoma three times?

Jim Thorpe

What were the promises the United States made to the Indians contained in the Relocation Act of 1956?

Job training and education, a place to live, and a job.

Who was the U.S. govenment offical that wrote both the Indian Reorgainzation Act and the Indian WPA?

John Collier

That it was only giving Indians the equal of a 4th grade education

Mable Dodge

Which tribe in Wisconsin was devastated by the Federal Government's Policy of Termination?

Menominee

Which tribe voted not to accept the Indian Reorganization Act?

Navajo

Who had a vital role for the United States in the war in the Pacific during WWII that greatly helped the U.S. defeat the Japanese?

Navajo Code Talkers

The cutting of the Indian children's hair upon arriving at the government-run boarding school caused what kind of feelings among the Indian children?

Sadness, guilt, hurt feelings

Which United States Senator wrote the Dawes Allotment Act?

Senator Henry Dawes

Why did Spotted Tail, a Lakota Chief, not want to send the Lakota children to a government-run boarding school?

Spotted Tail believed that white people were liers and thieves and did not want the Lakota children to learn this type of behavior

Which college did Vine Deloria Sr. attend where he became a football star and was used as a stereotyped Indian to promte every Saturday's game because he was an Indian?

St. Stephens's College

What did the Merriam Report say about the government-run boarding school system?

That it was a complete failure, That it should be phased out, and That it was only giving Indians the equal of a 4th grade education

What movement did many Progressive Americans start because of the small number of Native Americas, 237,196 in the 1900 census?

The "Save the Indian" movement

Through out the 1880s what Act concerning Indians was greatly debated?

The Dawes Allotment Act

Which treaty between the United States and Native American Tribes was the first to force Native American children to obtain an English education?

The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

What Indian help group was Senator Henry Dawes a member of when he wrote the Dawes Allotment Act believeing he was helping the Indians?

The Friends of the Indians

Where did the Ghost Dance originate?

The Great Basin

Who was very nervous and concerned about the Ghost Dance?

The Indian Agent at the Pine Ridge Reservation

Why did the Ghost Dance become so popular among the Lakota?

The Lakota had lost virtually everything and were now a desperate people and had nothing else to turn to to give them hope

What was the name of the program that Luther Standing Bear participated in working for 2 years in Philadelphia working in a dry goods store?

The Outing Program

What happened to the Black Hills in 1877?

The United States took the Black Hills away from the Lakota saying that when Sitting Bull defeated Custer at Little Big Horn, even though Sitting Bull refused to sign the Fort Laramie 1868 Treaty and was a renegade along with his followers, the Laktoa broke the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 thus justifying the U.S. to take the Black Hills away as punishment

What miracle was to happen from doing the Ghost Dance?

The buffalo would return and the white people would disappear

What was designed to work with Dawes Allotment Act to help Indian children to assimilate into mainstream American society?

The government-run Boarding School System

The arch the Indian children had to walk thru upon arriving at the government-run boarding school symbolized what?

The transformation from being uncivilized to being civilized

What happened to the students that died at the government-run boarding schools?

Their bodies were buried in the school cemetery on the school grounds and in most cases they were buried in unmarked graves and their parents were not notified of their child's death

Why did the U.S. government have Pratt obtain the majority of his students from he "troublesome Tribes" on the Plains, like the Lakota?

To give the United States govenment a lever to use by holding the students hostage if the Plains tribes rose up again and went to war with the U.S

Where were the Indian Industrial Boarding Schools in Wisconsin located?

Tomah and Whittenburg

What was the disease that killed the most students in the government-run boarding schools?

Tuberculosis

Where did Gerturde Bonnin attend borading school?

White's Indian Manual Labor Institute

Who was the Paiute Indian that was the first Indian to do the Ghost Dance?

Wovoka