Quiz#4 Ch. 3

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group is called _____________; marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group is called _____________.

endogamy; exogamy

Since 1880, the race and ethnicity categories on the U.S. Census form have changed

every ten years

Pravit, an Indian man, married Sharon, a white woman. Their marriage is an example of

exogamy

Which surface difference is perhaps most important biologically?

skin color

Why does the U.S. Census Bureau, the government's main statistical agency, attempt to collect data about racial categories?

to reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country

An ethnicity is a group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, or _____________.

traditional practices

The stereotype of Asian Americans as successful students-the "model minority"-may

warp the expectations held by and of students.

Despite a remarkable loosening of the boundaries in the United States, most people still live, marry, reproduce, and raise children primarily

within their own racial-ethnic group.

How many black children born in 1990 at some point experienced incarceration of a parent?

1 in 4

Many sociologists criticize the Moynihan Report, which attributes ongoing racial inequality in large part to the nature of black family life, because it

"blames the victim" and contributes to racist stereotypes.

In 1894, Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco, attempted to visit his parents in China. On his return, authorities declared that, due to which law, he could not be a citizen because his parents were Chinese?

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

At 13 percent, the proportion of U.S. residents born in another country is higher than it has been since

1910

Which immigration act lifted all numerical restrictions on the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens?

1995 Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act

Unmarried, young black women outnumber married, employed black men in their age group by what factor in the four biggest metropolitan areas?

2 to 1

In 2010, what percentage of people with an American Indian racial identity were living on reservations or other tribal lands?

22

Which racial-ethnic group is most likely to have grandparents living with grandchildren?

African American

A personal outlook that puts family obligations first, before individual well-being, is called

familism

Which minority group is least likely to marry outside its own race?

Black

The U.S. Census Bureau collects race-based data despite the lack of biological difference across race. What does this say about race in the United States?

Deeply felt divisions between groups of people remain socially important.

Erica, an African American woman, gave birth to her first child when she was unmarried and 21 years old. What is one reason sociologists might believe Erica is representative of other African American single mothers?

Her romantic partner was recently incarcerated due to racial profiling.

According to the U.S. Census, the greatest population growth can be found within which race?

Hispanic

Lashalla, an African American woman, is on a dating show in which she must pick one of four male suitors to marry. Based on what you know about race and marriage patterns, which suitor is she most likely to pick?

Idris, the black man

Family-based immigration may have which of the following consequences?

It ensures that immigrant communities are regularly "replenished."

The 1942-1964 Bracero Program, which extended "temporary" work permits to millions of Mexican workers, had what effect on Mexican families?

It opened the door for many families to settle in the United States.

Which of the following racial-ethnic groups are you least likely to find in an American nursing home?

Latino

Why do sociologists claim that joblessness led African Americans to retreat from the institution of marriage?

Men without jobs usually do not make attractive marriage partners.

Most Latino families in the United States are of what origin?

Mexican

Why do some white Americans have a strong ethnic identity while others do not?

Not all Europeans in the United States were automatically considered white.

The rapid growth of the American Indian population over the last century-and the last 50 years in particular-is mostly due to

greater desire, or willingness, of those with mixed ancestry to express that identity.

The concept of social distance illustrates

how closely people of different races live to one another.

Why is it difficult to identify what a "traditional" American Indian family practice is?

There has been massive disruption of American Indian families by the U.S. government.

According to statistics, what is the largest racial group in the United States?

White

Which group is gradually losing its dominant numerical status in proportion to other racial-ethnic groups?

White

The one-drop rule helps explain what about Barack Obama?

Why he was labeled the first black president.

Which of the following social phenomena helped lead to the rise of concentrated urban poverty among African Americans?

deindustrialization

Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs, today's biologists generally see race as

differences that mostly evolved randomly.

According to the one-drop rule

a white woman could give birth to a black child, but a black woman couldn't give birth to a white child.

When Julio and his family moved to New York City from the Dominican Republic, he went to an English-speaking school. However, he continued to speak Spanish at home. This is an example of

acculturation

Which of the following is an example of exogamy?

an Asian man marrying an African woman

The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

barred Chinese from becoming citizens and blocked new immigration

As some researchers have discovered, whites often

do not identify themselves as members of any racial or ethnic group

Which of the following is a main factor behind U.S. population change?

immigration from Latin America and Asia

Some sociologists believe that intermarriage is a good measure of social distance because

it shows the breakdown-or lack thereof-of society's most rigid taboos.

The 1967 Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia declared what unconstitutional?

laws against interracial marriage

America's increasing racial and ethnic diversity

makes visible the idea of different families enacting different traditions in their own way

In sociology, a group that occupies a subordinate status in society is called

minority group.

When the General Social Survey asked whites in the early 1990s how they would feel about a close relative marrying a black person, the majority expressed either some opposition or strong opposition. In the two decades since, there has been a steep drop in such attitudes. This change may be due to

older generations being replaced by cohorts born and raised more recently.

A race is a group of people believed to share common descent, based on _____________.

perceived innate physical similarities

Recent waves of immigrants from Southeast Asia were

political and economic refugees without political skills or education.

Which of the following historically limited black family structure?

poverty

An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics is called

racial ethnicity

The growth of the black middle class has been a cultural event, partly because it

represents a dramatic change from the historical dominance of first rural and then urban poverty.

Jamilla, who had a white mother, was brought up to see herself as white. When asked, she would say she was white. However, as she grew older, she began to embrace her Arab heritage and to instead identify as mixed race. Jamilla's example illustrates the strong role of what in racial identification?

self-identification

One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves:

self-identification

Which historical practice among American Indians has gained the attention of social scientists?

the acceptance of informal same-sex marriage

Assimilation can be described as

the acquisition of a new culture and language

Which two lines of thought have framed much of the research on black family life and family structure?

the impact of slavery and family resilience

The most important recent change in how the U.S. Census measures race is

the option to check more than one category.

Jarrod O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St. Patrick's Day, since he is of Irish descent. He wears green, throws a big party, and even drinks green beer. But for the rest of the year, Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background, illustrating

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.

One important difference between ethnicity and race is

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.

In 1973, President Richard Nixon was privately discussing abortion rights (which he opposed) when a hidden microphone captured him saying, "There are times when an abortion is necessary. I know that. When you have a black and a white. Or a rape." This instance illustrates

the strength of taboos against interracial relations, especially between whites and blacks.

More than three-quarters of Latinos speak Spanish at home because

there is a continuing flow of immigrants into the United States.

Which of the following is characteristic of the average Latino family in the United States?

younger average age