Quizlet Review: Causes, Events & People of the Civil War

Harriet Beecher Stowe, It was a book about a slave named "Tom," who was well-loved, and his experiences as a slave.

(Cause) Who wrote the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and what was the book about?

FREE- 13th Amendment, CITIZENS- 14th Amendment, VOTE- 15th Amendment

(Effect) What are the three (3) keys words to remember the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th & 15th)?

Abolish (ended) slavery (FREE)

(Effect) What did the 13th Amendment do?

Stated that all people born in the US, including African Americans, are US citizens, and therefore have the rights of US citizens. (CITIZENS)

(Effect) What did the 14th Amendment do?

Harriet Tubman

(Cause) Who was the most important "conductor" (leader) of the Underground Railroad?

Frederick Douglass

(Cause) Who wrote an autobiography about his life as a slave?

the Federal (US/National) government had passed the Tariff of 1828, and the South did not like the tariff (they called it the "Tariff of Abominations") because it hurt their economy. There was a movement for the South to nullify/cancel the federal tariff, led by Jackson's VP (John C. Calhoun). their argument was that states should be allowed to nullify/cancel any federal law that was "bad" for the state, or that they considered to be unconstitutional.

(Cause) Describe the "Nullification Crisis" during Jackson's presidency was about; What was the main issue?

John Brown was a radical/extreme abolitionist who raided a federal arsenal (weapons storage) with his sons. They wanted to steal the weapons to arm themselves and slaves to violently rebel against slavery. The plan failed, John Brown and his sons were captured and executed.

(Cause) Describe the event "John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry."

The North was cold, and had thin, rocky soil, so it became more industrial (factories, cities, etc.) The South was warm, and had fertile soil, so it became more agrarian/agricultural (farming, plantations, slavery)

(Cause) How did geography in the north and the south determine each region's economy?

(Protective) Tariffs helped the North economically because they encouraged more domestic/US manufacturing, and more Americans tended to buy US-made goods because they had lower prices. The South did not like (protective) tariffs because less foreign countries were buying their raw materials/natural resources (ex. cotton) due to them not liking the competition the North created on manufactured goods.

(Cause) In general, why did North favor/like tariffs and the South dislike tariffs?

When Abraham Lincoln won the Election of 1860

(Cause) What event led directly to South Carolina becoming the first state to secede from the Union (the USA)?

South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union (the USA).

(Cause) What happened directly after Abraham Lincoln won the Election of 1860?

When you care more about your "section" or area of the country, than the country as a whole. This primarily (mostly) is caused by each region having different economies due to their geography.

(Cause) What is "sectionalism?"

The Free-Soil Party

(Cause) What political party was against the expansion of slavery in any of the new states and/or territories, but did not think that states already practicing slavery should have to abolish slavery?

The Missouri Compromise (aka The Compromise of 1820). The Missouri Compromise stated that slavery would be prohibited (not allowed) north of the 36'30 parallel, excluding (not including) Missouri.

(Cause) What prior compromise was negated (cancelled out) by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

William Lloyd Garrison; "The Liberator" and Frederick Douglass, "The North Star"

(Cause) What two (2) abolitionists published the abolitionist newspapers "The Liberator" and "The North Star?"

Bleeding Kansas, fighting broke out in Kansas because both, abolitionists and pro-slavery people, moved to Kansas to vote on the issue.

(Cause) What was a major outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Slaves did not have basic human rights, and were considered property.

(Cause) What was life like for slaves (in terms of their rights)?

Dred Scott was a black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

(Cause) What was the "Dred Scott vs. Sanford" Supreme Court Case about?

A law passed in 1854 stating that the decision of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska would be decided by "popular sovereignty" (the people living there would vote on if they want it or not).

(Cause) What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It increased awareness on the evils of slavery, and increased support for the abolition movement in the north.

(Cause) What was the effect of the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin?"

The abolish (end) slavery

(Cause) What was the goal of the abolition(ist) movement?

The Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. That they were "property," and had no more rights than a "mule." The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories, and that the Missouri Compromise (aka "Compromise of 1820") was unconstitutional.

(Cause) What was the outcome and effect of the outcome in the "Dred Scott vs. Sanford" Supreme Court case?

1. California was admitted as a free state 2. Texas's modern-day boundary was set 3. Utah & New Mexico would decided on slavery using popular sovereignty (the people living there would vote on it) 4. The Fugitive Slave Law became more strict 5. Slave trade (buying, & selling) was outlawed in Washington D.C. (nation's capital)

(Cause) What were the five (5) components/parts of the "Compromise of 1850?"

Sojourner Truth

(Cause) What woman was known for both the "Women's Rights" and "Abolition" movements? She was known for her speeches, ex. "Ain't I a Woman."

The Missouri Compromise (aka "The Compromise of 1820"). It allowed Missouri to enter the union (U.S.) as a slave state, and Maine to come in as a free state.

(Cause) Which compromise had a main goal of keeping an equal balance of free and slave states, in order to balance the power in Congress (Legislative branch)?

Both quotes from the documents promote self-government (democracy).

(Events) Based on these two (2) quotes from the Declaration of Independence and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, what do the two documents have in common? Gettysburg Address: "...government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish (die, leave) from the earth." Declaration of Independence: "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent (permission) of the governed..."

The Battle of Antietam, Union (North) Victory

(Events) What ONE DAY battle is (to this day) the bloodiest day in US history, and who won it?

1. Being a "turning point" in the war and 2. Being the bloodiest 3 DAY battle in US history; Union (North) Victory

(Events) What TWO (2) things is the Battle of Gettysburg most known for, and who won this battle?

The South had more experienced military leaders, home field advantage (knew the geography), the fighting a defensive war, and had a strong motivation to fight.

(Events) What advantages did the Confederacy (South) have during the Civil War?

The North had more people (population), Soldiers, Railroads, Roads, Telegraph Lines, Food, Production, Factories, Navy, Money, Iron, and the strong leadership of President Lincoln

(Events) What advantages did the Union (North) have during the Civil War?

Stated that all adult, male US citizens, including African Americans, have the right to vote. (VOTE)

(Events) What did the 15th Amendment do?

To free

(Events) What does "Emancipate" mean?

The Battle of Antietam is the BLOODIEST DAY (24 HOUR PERIOD) IN US HISTORY. It was a Union (North) victory, and led to President Lincoln issuing the "Emancipation Proclamation."

(Events) What is the Battle of Antietam most known for, and who won this battle? What did this battle lead to?

An executive order made by President Lincoln stating that: 1.) all slaves in rebelling (Confederate) states are free, and 2.) He asked for free black people could now join the Union (North) Army.

(Events) What is the Emancipation Proclamation? (Make sure you know the TWO things that it did)

General Lee (South/Confederacy) surrendered to General Grant (North/Union), which ended the Civil War.

(Events) What significant event happened at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865?

Pennsylvania

(Events) What state did the Battle of Gettysburg happen in?

Fort (Ft.) Sumter, Confederate (South) Victory

(Events) What was the first battle of the Civil War, and who won?

1. To honor/remember those that have died for the cause, 2. To rally/encourage the soldiers and people to stay strong and keep fighting, (3. to announce the new Gettysburg cemetery)

(Events) What were the TWO (2) main purposes in President Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address?"

The South had very few/little: Railroads, Money, Telegraph Lines, Food, Navy, Industry/Factories, and a smaller population and army.

(Events) What were the disadvantages of the Confederacy (South) during the Civil War?

Inexperienced/incompetent military leaders, offensive war (most battles not on their home turf), divided opinions about the war by the people, long supply lines (to ship troops and weapons)

(Events) What were the disadvantages of the Union (North) during the Civil War?

Lee surrendered to Grant (April 9) 1865 at Appomattox Court House (Virginia)

(Events) Where and When (what year) did Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant?

The Union's (North) victory split the Confederacy (South) in half because the Union gained control of the Mississippi River. This was one of the two (2) "turning points" of the Civil War, and the last major battle.

(Events) Why is the Siege of Vicksburg a significant Civil War battle?

True.

(People) True or False: Daniel Webster was an advocate (supporter) of a strong federal/national government for most of his career.

False, Henry Clay was known as the "Great Compromiser," and wrote the Commerce Compromise, The Missouri Compromise (aka The Compromise of 1820) and The Compromise of 1850.

(People) True or False: Henry Clay created the Republican Party.

True

(People) True or False: John C. Calhoun (Jackson's VP during the Nullification Crisis) was FOR slavery because he supported States' Rights.

Clara Barton

(People) What influential woman was a nurse during the Civil War, and started the American Red Cross?

Jefferson Davis

(People) Who was the President of the Confederacy (South) during the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln

(People) Who was the President of the Union (North) during the Civil War?

Robert E. Lee

(People) Who was the main/most successful General of the Confederacy (South) during the Civil War?

Ulysses S. Grant

(People) Who was the main/most successful General of the Union (North) during the Civil War?

Lincoln (President of the Union/North) is on the penny and the 5 dollar bill, and the war starts in 1861 (represented by the penny) and ends in 1865 (represented by the $5).

How can this picture help you remember the years of the Civil War?

South Carolina

What state was the first state to secede from the Union (the USA) after Lincoln was elected in 1860?

He created a blockade known as "The Anaconda Plan."

What war strategy did General Grant use in the south?

1861-1865

What were the years of the Civil War?

Henry Clay "The Great Compromiser"

Who was the main author of the Commerce Compromise (Ended the Nullification Crisis), the Missouri Compromise (aka- The Compromise of 1820) and The Compromise of 1850?