Quizzes

What is the best way for an RBT to find a qualified supervisor?

look on the RBT registry for a publicly listed supervisor.

Which of the following is NOT true about measurement?

It is always an accurate reflection of what is being observed.

The term 'motivating operation' is recommended as a replacement for which other term?

Establishing operation

The value-altering effects of MOs can function as either ______ or a ______.

Establishing operation, abolishing operation

True or false: A person does not have to understand anything about the situation in order for MOs to have value-altering and behavior-altering effects.

True

Students who score below 80% on their spelling test are required to write the misspelled words correctly 100 times. This is an example of

Positive practice

Quinn spends a lot of time playing his guitar. He is responsible for feeding the dog, but he often does not do it. In order to increase Quinn's dog-feeding behavior, his father makes playing the guitar contingent on feeding the dog. Quinn's father is using _____.

Premack principle

True or false: Because of ethical concerns, nonexclusion time-out is generally recommended over exclusion time-out.

True

True or false: Concept formation requires both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination

True

True or false: Stimulus generalization is inversely related to stimulus discrimination.

True

True or false: The effects of motivating operations are related to the effectiveness of the reinforcer obtained by the learner.

True

True/False: A potential drawback of using response cost is that it draws attention to the problem behavior.

True

In Pavlovian conditioning, the NS acquires the ability to produce the CR by being paired with which of the following?

US

When Sam's dad is in a bad mood he gets an angry look on his face. In the past, Sam's dad has been in a bad mood, he has yelled at and punished Sam for having his music up too loud. Now, when Sam sees that look on his dad's face, he turns off his music and stays quietly in his room. This is an example of a/an

conditioned negative reinforcement

Andy teased his sister and made her cry. As punishment, his father made him rake all the leaves in the yard. This is an example of

contingent exercise

Which of the following is NOT an attitude of science?

conventionalism

Which of the following is a type of behavior that exposes the individual to new environments, contingencies, reinforecers, responses and stimulus controls?

cusp

A coupon for a free sample of a new candy is an example of a/an

establishing operation for the candy that is intended to evoke behavior associated with obtaining the candy

The definition of environment includes ______.

events outside the skin, events inside the skin, and everything except the moving parts of the organism involved in behavior

Punishment is well understood

false

True or false: Research in applied behavior analysis has focused primarily on negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement.

false

A teacher who plans to use time-out in the classroom should obtain permission

for the using of any time-out procedure

The progression of behavioral assessment can be conceptualized as having which shape?

funnel

Of the 3 properties, or dimensional qualities of behavior, which describes the fact that behavior occurs during some amount of time?

temporal extent

What does the second level of scientific understanding show?

that two events consistently covary with each other

Ethics relates to measurement in that ______.

the practitioner's effectiveness, and thus a client's right to effective treatment, is compromised when data are not collected

Which of the following is an example of a response class?

the words hi, hello, and hey

Which of the following is the purpose of science?

to achieved a thorough understanding of phenomena under study

Using a variety of different punishing stimuli can reduce habituation effects.

true

Pain, extreme cold and noxious orders are example of stimuli whose termination functions as

unconditioned negative reinforcement

When is the principle of generality evident?

when behavior change continues after the treatment has ended

When is event recording the recommended method of measuring behavior?

when there is a clear beginning and end to the response

Which is the preferred method of behavioral assessment to determine which behaviors to target for change?

ABC recording

In order to use time-out effectively: Group of answer choices the time-in environment must be reinforcing clearly describe to all involved which behaviors will result in time-out keep the time-out duration short continue time out if any misbehavior is occurring when the time-out period ends All of the above

All of the above

One of the desirable aspects of response cost is that: Group of answer choices It can be combined with other procedures If the procedure is effective, behavior reduction is seen fairly quickly It is convenient to use in many settings A & C All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the effectiveness of punishment

Availability of punishment for alternative behaviors

Which is true about time-sampling methods? Behavior is recorded continuously Behavior can be over or under estimated Data are recorded as percentages of total intervals B & C

B & C

Which of the following statements is TRUE. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have opposite effects on behavior. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have the same effect on behavior Negative reinforcement and punishment have the same effect on behavior. Negative reinforcement and punishment both involve aversive stimuli. B & D

B & D

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? A preference assessment is a good way to determine if a stimulus functions as a reinfocer One way to identify which stimuli a person prefers is to ask him/her A reinfocer assessment requires the contingent presentation of a stimulus B and C All of the above

B and C

Why is "improving academic grades" not a good target behavior?

Because academic grades do not specify the behaviors required to achieve the goal.

Ben becomes severely aggressive whenever another student takes his toys away from him. When Ben hits them, the other children tend to return the toys to Ben. What can be said about this situation?

Ben's aggression has been positively reinforced by the children returning the toy to him.

A teacher tells her class that the best behaved student will earn a prize. Students show their best behavior. The teacher's statement probably functioned as a/an UMO CMO MO AO SD

CMO

Which of the following is NOT true? Delayed reinforcement can be as effective as immediate reinfocement The only way to know if a stimulus functioned as a reinforcer is to observe a future increase in the response Stimuli that are present when a behavior is reinforced can become discriminative Reinfocement is not a circular concept

Delayed reinforcement can be as effective as immediate reinfocement

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for using reinforcement effectively?

Identify the most powerful reinforcer and stick with it

Which of the following is NOT a UMO for humans? Sex Temperature Pain Reprimands Sleep

Reprimands

Tim is a second grader who regularly disrupts the class. His teacher wants to use partition time-out. Which of the following should she do when Tim is disruptive?

Sit him in the back of the classroom, facing a wall

The term radical behaviorism refers to which of the following?

Skinner's view that both public and private events are subject to the same principles of behavior

Which of the following conditions is NOT a factor that can make negative reinforcement more effective: Immediacy A large difference in stimulation before and after the response Consistency The unavailability of reinforcement for non-target responses The availability of reinforcement for non-target responses

The availability of reinforcement for non-target responses

Sally Behavior Analyst teaches a child to discriminate animals from non-animals. She uses a variety of picture cards, some of which depict an animal and other that depict non-animal objects such as toys, cars and plants. Sally present two cards side-by-side and says, "point to the animal." Correct responses are reinforced and incorrect responses are not. Sally trains the child to identify multiple exemplars of animals. Then Sally introduces pictures of animals the child has never seen before and the child still correctly identifies them as animals. Sally has taught the child ______.

The concept of 'animal'

Sally Behavior Analyst wants to train a child to discriminate colors. She places a red card and a blue card side-by-side and tells the child, "point to red." If the child points to the red card, Sally gives her a bite of her favorite fruit. If the child points to the blue card, Sally no, and points to the red card. In this example, which stimulus is the discriminative stimulus?

The statement "point to red"

Bill hates his 5th grade math class. The work is difficult, he does not like the teacher, and no matter how hard he tried, he makes bad grades. When Bill behaves inappropriately in class, which is often, the teacher sends him to time-out in the hallway outside of the classroom. After several weeks of using time-out, the teacher notes that the frequency of Bill's disruptive behavior not decreased. Time-out is probably not working because

The time-in environment is not sufficiently rich in reinforcers for appropriate behavior

New parents put a child to bed. The child begins to cry, so the parents comfort the child and allow the child to sleep in bed with them. Thus, when they put the child to bed in the future, she is more likely to cry. What has occurred in this situation?

There is not enough information to answer this question.

Why are percentages and trials-to-criterion considered derivative measures?

They are based on other basic measures.

What is the advantage of using generalized conditioned reinforcers?

They are less susceptible to satiation because they can be exchanged for a wide variety of other reinforcers.

When should rate be used as a measure?

When the responses are free-operants

Which of the following is a fundamental question to answer before initiating behavioral assessment?

Who has the authority and skill to intervene with the behavior?

What is an event outside of the body that can be detected by one or more of our senses called?

a stimulus

One of the problems with punishment is that it teaches what not to do, but does not teach what to do instead the people you punish might avoid you it can result in worse behavior than the behavior being punished it can be overused, because the behavior of the person doing the punishing is reinforced all of the above

all of the above

The difference between latency and duration is that ______. Duration is based on temporal extent and latency is based on temporal locus Duration measures from the beginning of the response to the end of the response, while latency measures from the end of a stimulus onset to the beginning of a response Duration only measures a response, while latency measures include antecedent events All of the above

all of the above

When is permanent product recording an excellent option? when each instance of the behavior produces the same permanent product when the permanent product is only produced by the target behavior when real-time measurements are not needed All of the above

all of the above

A UMO for punishment is an environmental variable that

alters the effectiveness of a punisher and alters the frequency of behavior the has been so punished, regardless of the person's learning history

Johnny's behavior analyst is teaching him to verbally request a "spoon." She places a bowl of cereal with milk in front of Johnny and holds up a spoon so that he can see it, but does not give it to him. She then asks him, "what to you need?" The behavior analyst has used

an EO to increase the reinfocer value of the spoon and evoke the word "spoon."

An evocative effect refers to ______, while an abative effect refers to _____.

an increase in the current frequency of behavior, a decrease in the current frequency of behavior

The philosophical domain of behavior analysis called?

behaviorism

One of the advantages of using a time-out room over other time-out techniques it that it

can completely eliminate all sources of reinforcement.

Stimulus generalization is the extent to which ______, while stimulus discrimination is the extent to which _____.

different stimuli evoke the same behavior, different stimuli do not evoke the same behavior

Tim's dad usually gives him money when he asks for it. Tim's mother usually does not give him money when he asks for it. As a result, Tim asks dad for money more often than he asks his mom for money. Tim's differential asking behavior is an example of which of the following?

discriminate operant

Robert is a middle school student. He and a friend sit in the back of the classroom, talking and giggling instead of doing their schoolwork. The teacher ignores them, but the school principle is known to enter classrooms unannounced and give anyone who is not behaving appropriately a detention. When the principle walks into Robert's classroom, he immediately stops talking and starts his schoolwork. This is an example of a ________ contingency.

discriminated avoidance

Mr. Jones is a very strict middle school principle. He often enters classrooms unannounced and gives anyone who is not behaving appropriately a detention. When Mr. Jones walks into a classroom, the students immediately show their best behavior. Mr. Jones is a

discriminative stimulus for punishment

When Tammy asks her mother for money she usually gets it. When Tammy asks her dad for money she usually does not get it. It is likely that mom will become an _____ and dad will become an _____.

discriminative stimulus, S-delta

Ralf is in third grade. He is learning new spelling words. The teacher says a word out loud and Ralf has to spell it out loud. When Ralf spells a word correctly, the teachers says, "good job" and move son to the next word. When Ralf makes a mistake, the teacher shows him a flashcard with the word printed on it and Ralf has to read the correct spelling out loud. Then the teacher removes the flashcard and Ralf has to repeat the correct spelling of the word before moving on to the next word. This technique is effective at reducing the number of spelling errors Ralf makes. The improvement in Ralf's spelling is likely due to reinforcement negative reinforcement positive reinforcement escape either b or c

either b or c

Respondent behaviors are ______ while operant behaviors are ______.

elicited, evoked

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of applied behavior analysis?

empiricism

Debbie is afraid of dogs. If a dog approaches her, she becomes very anxious. She is walking home from school one day and discovers that one of the neighbors on her block got a new large dog when the dog came running up to the fence barking at her as she approach the yard. Debbie ran as quickly as she could past the dog's yard. This is an example of

escape

Which of the following is NOT a reason why explicit behavior definitions are important to the practitioner of applied behavior analysis?

increased likelihood of behavior change

Which of the following is a known problem with the use of negative reinforcement it is not as effective as positive reinforcement it requires more effort to implement than other techniques it can have the same undesirable side effects as punishment research does not support its use it can take longer to change the behavior compared to positive reinforcement

it can have the same undesirable side effects as punishment

Which of the following is the removal of a stimulus contingent on a behavior that results in the future increase of that behavior?

negative reinforcement

As soon as Bill arrives home from work, his wife starts nagging about all of the things that need to be fixed around the house. As a result, Bill locks himself up in his "man cave" and puts a "Do Not Disturb" sign on the door. This is an example of ________.

negative reinforcement and escape behavior

When using count as a measure of behavior one should ______.

note the observation period

A good behavior definition should be ______.

objective, clear, complete

Behavior that is maintained by stimuli that that FOLLOW it is called what?

operant

The notion that all individuals have potential and poor outcomes originate from the environment and experience rather than internal characteristics, represents which characteristic of behavior analysis?

optimistic

Which of the following is a type of behavior that produces corresponding modifications or co-variations in other adaptive, untrained behaviors?

pivotal

The difference between positive and negative punishment is that

positive punishment involves adding a stimulus and negative punishment removing a stimulus

Which is a method for priority ranking various potential target behaviors?

ranking matrix

Which of the following is behavior that is brought about by stimuli that PROCEED?

respondent behavior

When anyone in her first-grade class misbehaves, The teacher deducts one minute for recess for the entire class. The teacher is using

response cost with a group consequence

When Sally leaves the bathroom floor wet after her shower, her mother makes mop it up and then mop the rest of the house too. This is an example of

restitutional overcorrection

Jim spends hours studying for a test. A few days later he finds out that he scored 95%. Jim's studying behavior was probably a result of ______.

rule-governance

The complete definition of human behavior includes what a person ______.

says, does, thinks, or feels

The function of an SD is to

signal the availability of reinforcement

What is the focus of applied behavior analysis?

socially significant behavior

An SD is a stimulus in the presence of which

some type of responses have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have not been reinforce

Tina places two items in front of Sally and records which one she picks up first. Tina repeats this with a variety of items several times.Tina is conducting a _______.

stiumulus preference assessment

The behavior that occurs temporally closest to the presentation of a reinforcer will be ________________ by its presentation.

strengthened

When prioritizing behaviors for change, a chronic behavior ______ when compared to a more recently acquired behavior.

takes precedence