Quizzes and Exam 2 Questions
The mnemonnic, "Ooh, ooh, ooh, to touch and feel very good velvet. Ah, heaven." helps us remember that cranial nerve VI is the ___ nerve.
abducens
general order of events for a reflex arc
activation of a sensory receptor, information relayed to the CNS, activation of a motor neuron, response by the effector
if someone has insufficient surf action production, their ___ may collapse.
alveoli
Gas exchange occurs at the blood air barrier between the ---------- and ----------.
alveoli, capillaries
these vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
the _____ regulates body temperature and coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions
autonomic nervous system
______, a fluid which aids in digestion (particularly of fatty foods), is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
bile
The thoracic duct collects lymph from...
both sides of the body inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of the body superior to the diaphragm
the thoracic duct collects lymph from
both sides of the body inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of the body superior to the diaphragm
origination plexus of axillary nerve
brachial plexus
origination plexus of ulnar nerve
brachial plexus
the bolus moves from the tongue and palate past the uvula to enter the oropharynx during the ____ phase of swallowing
buccal
at the blood air barrier, oxygen moves into the capillaries and this gas _____ enters the alveolus
carbon dioxide
origination plexus of ansa cervicalis
cervical plexus
origination plexus of great auricular nerve
cervical plexus
nerve plexuses of the human body:
cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral
what circulation supplied blood to the heat tissue?
coronary
A person with hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure (HBP) would benefit from __________ ADH.
decreased
a specific area of skin supplied buy a particular sensory neuron
dermatome
the most important muscles involved in the normal, relaxed respiratory movements include
diaphragm and intercostals
Most vital organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. This is known as _.
dual innervation
most vital organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the ANS in an antagonist but balanced manner to maintain homeostasis
dual innervation
an elastic cartilage structure, covering the trachea when we swallow to prevent aspiration into the lungs
epiglottis
Parts of the digestive system include
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cardiac sphincter
this condition is caused by an infection with a virus that targets the salivary glands, causing them to become swollen and painful. Children today are common vaccinated against this
mumps
food moving through the digestive system passes through what organs and in what order?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
T/F: The nerve plexuses provide sensory and motor innervation.
True
T/F: All of the cranial nerves provide both sensory and motor innervation
False
T/F: From the right ventricle, blood next moves through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk and through the pulmonary veins.
False
T/F: Oxygen within the pleural cavity reduces friction when the lungs move upon inhalation and exhalation
False
T/F: Sympathetic activity is always excitatory for target effectors/organs and parasympathetic activity is always inhibitory for target effectors/organs.
False
T/F: The endocrine system and hormones in general have a short term, fast effect on the body when compared to nervous system signals.
False
T/F: The lymphatic system's main function is to act as the primary route for the transport of hormones, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
False
T/F: The oculomotor nerves innervate all 6 extra ocular muscles.
False
T/F: endothelial cells of the lymphatic capillaries are tight connected to prevent interstitial fluid from entering.
False
Which endocrine organ has these three roles? 1 - releases ADH and OXT at the neurohypophysis 2 - secretes regulatory hormones which control activity of the adenohypophysis 3 - contains ANS centers that control the adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Surfactant is produced by these cells in the alveoli.
Type II
These structures make up the upper respiratory system.
Paranasal sinuses, nose, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx
This is the primary cardiac pacemaker, generating electrical impulses that control heart rate.
SA Node
the cells involved in cell mediated immunity are
T cells / T lymphocytes
In the sympathetic division of the ANS, preganglionic neurons are located in spinal segments------------------.
T1-L2
The following is true of T cells:
They can be differentiated into cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Regulatory T cells and Memory T cells. They are thymus dependent
T/F: ADH/vasopressin, is released in response to a decrease in electrolyte concentrations or an increase in blood pressure
false
T/F: a stretch reflex is an immediate involuntary motor response, such as pulling your hand back after touching a hot surface
false
T/F: lymph returns to the venous system by squeezing from the interstitial spaces into venules
false
T/F: regions of the small intestine are called the duodenum, jumanji, and ileum
false
T/F: the PCCE of the respiratory tract helps capture inhaled debris and pathogens which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and filtered out by the liver for elimination through the digestive system.
false
T/F: the parasympathetic division of the ANS recieve fibers from cranial nerves 1-4 and from sacral roots s2-s4
false
t/f: the alveolar sacs of the lungs are directly surrounded by an extensive network of arteries which make the gas exchange between the blood and alveolar sacs possible
false
t/f: the space between the epicardium and the myocardium is the pericardial cavity and it contains pericardial fluid which lubricates the space to reduce friction
false
thet/f: the adrenal medulla innervates visceral organs directly along neural pathways as part of the sympathetic division of the ANS
false
An injury to this lobe of the brain would most likely affect motor skills.
frontal
the primary motor cortex would be found in the ___ lobe of the cerebral cortex
frontal
Organs of the cardiovascular system include
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
which endocrine gland has these roles? acts as an endocrinologist organ releasing ADH and OXT art the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes regulatory hormones which control activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary contains ANNS centers that control the adrenal medulla
hypothalamus
the following are effects of sympathetic stimulation
increased cardiovascular activity elevation in muscle tone increased alertness
Effects of the sympathetic stimulation include all, except ___.
increased digestive system function
The following are true of the cardiacs sinoatrial node
it is located I nth posterior wall of the right atrium it is referred to as the cardiac pacemaker it generates 60-100 action potentials per minute
the following are organs of the digestive tract, except kidneys, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine
kidneys
what produces erythropoietin in response to low blood oxygen levels
kidneys
Haustral churning refers to the movement of chyme in the _____________.
large intestine
This part of the digestive tract's main function is to absorb water and compact waste.
large intestine
in comparison to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are...
larger, have thinner walls, have an irregular outline
blood moving through the systemic circulation would move through these structures in the following order:
left ventricle, aorta, to head/upper body/lower body, inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium
This area contains the "emotional brain" and is made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hipocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb.
limbic system
origination plexus of iliohypogastric nerve
lumbar plexus
origination plexus of obturator nerve
lumbar plexus
there are the primary cells of the lymphatic system
lymphocytes
This area of the brain controls the respiratory cycle.
medulla oblongata
These three regions comprise the brain stem:
mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
The thyroid gland will produce T3, T4, and calcitonin, which will be primarily responsible for regulating _______________ and ______________.
metabolism and decreasing calcium levels
names for the Left AV valve
mitral/bicuspid valve
what hormone: targets smooth muscles of the uterus, targets the contractile cells of the mammary glands, causes contraction of smooth muscle of the uterus resulting in uterine contractions, and causes smooth muscle contraction in the prostate gland?
oxytocin
This organ functions as both an endocrine and an exocrine organ.
pancreas
Unusual feelings in the skin, such as numbness or, "pins and needles, "would be called Correct answer:
paresthesia
Movement of the bolus, and then of chyme, through the digestive tract is produced primarily by this process.
peristalsis
cells that secrete a hormone that regulates sleep cycles (many people take a supplement of the hormone to help them sleep)
pinealocytes
main organs of the endocrine system
pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and pancreas
Functions of the respiratory system include
providing protection against invading pathogens producing sound involved in verbal communication
origination plexus of sciatic nerve
sacral plexus
origination plexus of superior gluteal nerve
sacral plexus
this(eve) nerve(s) splits near the popliteal fossa to form the tibial and fibular nerves
sciatic nerve
the mnemonic., "some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more" helps use remember that the facial nerve is ____.
sensory and motor
when the doctor taps a patient's patellar ligament ultimately causing an action potential to contract the quadriceps femurs and and the knee to extend, this is a ...
sign that muscle innervation is working properly stretch reflex sign that muscle spindles are working properly
This part of the digestive tract is where the most absorption of nutrients takes place.
small intestine
most of the absorption fo nutrients happens in the ______
small intestine
this organ of the digestive system temporarily stores food and mechanically and chemically digests food, but it does not directly absorb any nutrients.
stomach
the chain ganglia of the ________ division of the autonomic nervous system lie near the spinal cord
sympathetic
The adrenal medulla, as part of the ANS, is unique in that it ___.
targets organs by releasing hormones into the bloodstream
the limbic system is a region of the brain referred to as the "emotional brain" an dis made of the following
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb
The lymphatic system aids in maintaining normal blood volume due to ...
the higher pressure of the systemic capiillaries pushing interstitial fluid out to enter the lymphatic capillaries.
T-cells are activated and become immunocompetent in which structure of the body?
thymus
The --------- and --------- are primary lymphatic organs responsible for production and differentiation of lymphocytes.
thymus red bone marrow
T/F: as endocrine organs, the kidneys release renin and a chain of conversion stake place which ultimately rates blood pressure back to homeostatic conditions
true
T/F: function so nth moral cavity include sensory analysis of food, mechanical processing, and lubrication
true
T/F: the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and stores feces prior to defecation
true
T/F: the more melanin a person has and the darker their skin tone, the longer they must be in the sun to convert a hormone into inactive vitamin D
true
t/f: the four major layers of most of the digestive tract are mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa
true
the brachial plexus is subdivided into roots, ___, ______, ______, and nerves, moving from medially to laterally away from the spinal cord
trunks divisions cords
in the cardiovascular system, these contain one-way valves that act to compartmentalize the vessels to prevent the back flow of blood
veins
