Quizzes (Ch. 15-21)
In 1916, President Wilson sent more than 10,000 troops into Mexico in an effort (that proved unsuccessful) to arrest
"Pancho" Villa, who had killed seventeen Americans in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico.
President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the
"Square Deal."
During World War I, popular words of German origin were changed; "hamburger" became
"liberty sandwich."
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
1880
Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.
Andrew Johnson
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
Booker T. Washington
The point at which most European immigrants passed into the United States was
Ellis Island, New York.
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.
False
Eugenics studied the mental characteristics of different ethnicities and races, only to discover that, for the most part and overwhelmingly, all human beings possess "good genes."
False
In the late 1800s, Protestants attempted reforms to "stamp out sin," yet were tolerant of businesses opening on Sundays.
False
Ironically, the Farmers' Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers.
False
Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) was a success.
False
Quick action by President Hoover's administration kept millions of American families from losing their life savings, when, in the early 1930s, hundreds of banks across the United States failed.
False
The American Federation of Labor mainly represented unskilled industrial workers.
False
The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women.
False
The Lost Cause mythology was rarely incorporated into churches as slavery was still questionable in the Bible.
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was a savvy and fair, if short, document that equitably distributed culpability for the war among all warring factions.
False
The first president to hold regular press conferences in order to influence public opinion directly was Theodore Roosevelt.
False
The nation's first national park was Yosemite.
False
Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" called for vigorous federal intervention in the economy, while Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" called on government to stay out of business affairs.
False
Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions.
False
Under the Black Codes enacted by southern legislatures immediately after the Civil War, blacks convicted of "vagrancy" were fined and, if unable to pay, were publicly hanged.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
The Progressive-era economic system based on mass production and mass consumption came to be called
Fordism.
In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except
Irish Americans.
The author of How the Other Half Lives (1890) was
Jacob Riis.
The West's leading industrial center, a producer of oil, automobiles, aircraft, and Hollywood movies, was
Los Angeles, California.
Who was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a movement for African independence and black self-reliance?
Marcus Garvey
During the Progressive era, the largest city in the United States was
New York.
Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery that resulted in the death of a security guard, whose case became a cause célèbre?
Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti
What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks?
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
The acquisition of this island by the United States in the Spanish-American War strengthened the hold of "sugar barons" in the local economy.
Puerto Rico
Why did a significant portion of the nation's urban working-class voters shift their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894?
Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
All of the following were "captains of industry" except
Samuel Gompers.
The phrase "forty acres and a mule" derived from
Sherman's Field Order 15.
Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?
Standard Oil
In this Supreme Court ruling, San Francisco was ordered to admit Chinese students to public schools.
Tape v. Hurley
The amendment to the United States Constitution that provides that United States senators will be chosen by popular vote rather than by state legislatures is
The Seventeenth Amendment
Why were the doors locked during the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire?
The owners didn't want women to have too many bathroom breaks.
Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders?
Theodore Roosevelt
"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.
True
After 1870, a "new imperialism" arose, dominated by European powers and Japan.
True
Birth of a Nation, a movie filled with the ideologies of white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klan, had its premiere showing at the White House.
True
Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, and vote.
True
Both the Baptist and Methodist religions divided into northern and southern branches after the Civil War.
True
Business leaders like Henry Ford and engineers like Herbert Hoover were cultural heroes in the 1920s.
True
By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios.
True
During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote.
True
During the Progressive era, numerous products utilized the image of the Statue of Liberty as a sales device.
True
Horizontal Expansion was a practice used by the Standard Oil Company to purchase all competing oil refineries.
True
In 1925, John Scopes, a public schoolteacher in Tennessee, was convicted of violating the state's law against the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
True
In 1928, Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith was the first Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party.
True
One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.
True
President Warren G. Harding died suddenly of a heart attack in 1923.
True
Reparations payments at the end of World War I demanded Germany pay, in effect, to repair the damages it had inflicted on the Allies.
True
Segregation was more than a form of racial separation; it was one part of an all-encompassing system of white domination.
True
The Federal Reserve System (established in 1913) and the Federal Trade Commission (established in 1914) were major examples of the remarkable expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy during the Progressive era.
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
The Philippine War lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished.
True
The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit.
True
The Sixteenth Amendment made the income tax constitutional.
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
True
Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of
William Howard Taft.
The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was
William M. Tweed.
Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion?
a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
A "carpetbagger" is
a northerner who settled in the South after the war.
Which was not one of the devices used by southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage?
a religious test
The United States underwent one of the most rapid and profound economic revolutions any country has ever experienced. Which of the following is a major factor?
abundant natural resources
The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and
after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram.
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization
calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.
Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Depression that began in October 1929?
drastic tariff reductions
One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to
ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.
Between 1900 and 1904 membership in the American Federation of Labor
exploded to triple earlier membership numbers.
The Progressive era was a time of
explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, increased industrial production, and a "Golden Age" for American agriculture.
In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the United States Constitution
freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and, for adult men, the right to vote
The Black Codes were
laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.
The 1887 Dawes Act
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image, and which asserted the view that greater freedom worldwide would follow from increased American investment and trade abroad was called
liberal internationalism.
What did Prohibition (the Eighteenth Amendment, ratified in 1919) prohibit?
manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages
In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?
none
Upon taking office in 1921, Warren G. Harding promised a return to
normalcy.
A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger
opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.
After World War I and the 1920s, the Progressives recognized that
public power could go grievously wrong, as in Prohibition.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of
removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
steel
During World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire were called
the Central Powers.
President Wilson articulated the clearest statement of American war aims and his vision of a new postwar international order in
the Fourteen Points.
The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called
the Harlem Renaissance.
The 1930 self-imposed guidelines in the film industry that prohibited depicting adultery, nudity, and long kisses, and barred scripts that portrayed clergymen in a negative light, were called
the Hays Code.
The anti-black, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic organization that claimed over 3 million members by the mid-1920s was
the Ku Klux Klan.
In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public schoolteacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
the Scopes Trial
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was
the Spanish-American War.
Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that
the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by
the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as
the moving assembly line.
Production of the automobile in the 1920s
tripled.
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction
were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine