RAD 142

Appropriate patient preparation for an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series should include: 1. NPO after midnight prior to the examination 2. No gum chewing prior to the procedure 3. No smoking prior to the procedure

1,2,3

The biologic effect on an individual is dependent on which of the following? 1) Type of tissue interaction(s 2) Amount of interactions 3) Biologic differences

1,2,3

nvoluntary patient motion can be caused by1) posttraumatic shock.2) medication.3) low room temperature.

1,2,3

Which of the following are recommended for the pregnant radiographer?1) Continue monthly dosimeter readings.2) Wear a second dosimeter under the lead apron.3) Wear two dosimeters and switch their position periodically.

1.....

According to the chart section of the ARRT, which of the following quality factors are affected by OID? 1. Spatial Resolution 2. Distorition 3. Receptor exposure

1.2

An increase in SID will do which of the following?1. Reduce IR exposure 2. Decrease size distortion 3. Decrease spatial resolution

1.2.3

Sources of secondary radiation include1 background radiation.2 leakage radiation.3 scattered radiation.

1.2.3

Using magnification mode in flurosocopy will result in 1. The object being imaged appearing larger on the screen 2. An increase in patient dose 3. Less of the input phosphor being used

1.2.3

Which of following bones form the acetabulum?1. Ilium2. Pubis3. Ischium

1.2.3

Which of the following accounts for the x-ray beam's heterogeneity?1 Incident electrons interacting with several layers of tungsten target atoms2 Energy differences among incident electrons3 Electrons moving to fill different shell vacancies

1.2.3

The psoas muslces should be well visualized on which of the following?

AP abdomen

How is SID related to IR exposure?

As SID increases, IR exposure decreases.

Which section of the ARRT Standards of Ethics are mandatory and enforceable?

Code of Ethics

The system which stores images and receives them from the x-ray imaging units is called

DICOM (wrong)

Which of the following projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint?

Medial oblique 45°

Linear energy transfer:

Varies for different types of radiation

During digital image processing, dead pixels are corrected by:

being filled using data from surrounding working pixels

During a patient transfer, the patient's urinary drainage bag should be placed:

below level of bladder

The smallest signal difference that can be detected by an image receptor is referred to as

contrast resolution

A fracture or contusion that occurs opposite from the site of impact or trauma is called a:

contre-coup injury

Which of the following is NOT a bone found in the elbow

coracoid

The plane which passes throught the center of the body and separates it into anterior and posterior halves is the

coronal

In the above image, the letter A represents the

costophrenic angles

Which bone lies along the lateral border of the navicular bone?

cuboid

A vector may be which of the following?

d. insect

A lateral projection of the rectum was obtained. When the technologist evaluated the image, she noticed the rectum was anterior to the sacrum, the femoral heads were directly superimposed, and most of the sigmoid colon demonstrated self-superimposition. What should the technologist do?

d. Accept the image; it was done correctly

To be in compliance with radiation safety standards, the fluoroscopy exposure switch must

dead man type

The most inferior part of the scapula is the

inferior angle

The temporal bone articulates with the

mandible

An environment that allows an organism to thrive is called a:

reservoir

Electromagnets which surround the x-ray tube enclosure and power the induction motor are the

stator

The exposure for a PA chest x-ray should be made after

the second full inspiration

A mechanical respirator is also known by what term?

ventilator

The most inferior part of the sternum is the

xiphoid process

The zygomatic arch is formed by the

zygoma and temporal

Carcinogenesis may be caused by:

-tobacco -alcohol -viral infection -inherited genetic defects

When performing radiographs on a trauma patient, the radiographer should:

. be continually assessing the patient's condition

The protective curtain which hangs from the image intensifier must be a minimum of ______ mm of lead equivalent

.25

The NCRP guidelines state that the bucky slot cover and fluoro curtain/drape should contain at least which of the following?

0.25

Lead aprons worn by personnel must be a minimum of ____mm of lead/eq and NCRP report 102 recommends that they be ____ mm of lead/eq.

0.25 and 0.5

Although ______ is the minimum required lead equivalency for lead aprons and gloves, _______ is the preferred amount and is commonly found in practice.

0.25 mm, 0.5 mm

A thyroid shield used in fluoroscopy should have at least what thickness?

0.5 mm Pb

An axiolateral inferosuperior projection of the femoral neck is particularly useful 1) when the axiolateral is contraindicated.2) for patients with bilateral hip fractures.3) for patients with limited movement of the unaffected leg.

1

What is the radiation weighting factor for x-ray radiation?

1

Which of the following could be used to correct quantum mottle on the image? 1 Increase mAs2 Decrease kVp3 Increase focal spot size (FSS)

1

Which of the following examinations require(s) restriction of the patient's diet?1) GI series2) Abdominal x-rays3) Pyelogram

1

Which of the following illustrates the inverse square law? 1) Distance is a most effective protection from radiation. 2) Distance is a rather ineffective protection from radiation. 3) As distance from the radiation source decreases, radiation decreases.

1

Which of the following is likely to improve image quality and decrease patient dose?1 Beam restriction2 Low kV and high mAs factors3 Grids

1

Which of the following is true of a PA projection of the barium filled stomach?1. Air is in the fundus2. Air is in the body3. The stomach moves superior when the patient is prone`

1

Which of the following is true of the scintillator used in indirect digital imaging? 1. It is made of cesium iodide (CsI) 2. It functions to change light into electrons 3. It is made of barium fluorohalide

1

Which of the following will increase IR exposure?1 A decrease in SID2 An increase in OID3 Using a larger focal spot

1

Which of the following is true of the mAs linearity test? 1. It uses the same mAs with different combinations of mA and time 2. The accuracy must be within +/- 10% 3. It demonstrates the mAs reciprocity law

1 (wrong)

A high energy Brems ray would be characterized by which of the following? 1. The incident electron has a drastic change in direction 2. The incident electron ejects a K-shell electron 3. The incident electron slows down slightly

1 and 3

X-ray beam quality can be increased by doing which of the following? 1. Increasing kVp 2. Increasing mAs 3. Increasing the generator type (i.e. moving from single phase to high frequency)

1 and 3

The central ray for an AP shoulder projection is:

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

According to National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) regulations, leakage radiation from the x-ray tube at 1 meter must not exceed

1 mGy/hr

According to the NCRP, the annual occupational whole-body dose equivalent limit for students under age 18 is

1 mSv

A technologist forgets to secure a patient on the x-ray table. After leaving the room, the patient rolls off the table and lands on the floor. Which of the following legal terms best classifies this scenario? 1. Unintentional tort 2. Negligence 3. Battery

1,2

Creation of a characteristic x-ray involves 1. The ejection of a K-shell electron 2. Ionization of the tungsten atom 3. The incident electron interacting with the nuclear field

1,2

The law of Bergonié and Tribondeau states that cells are more radiosensitive if they are 1) highly mitotic. 2) undifferentiated. 3) mature cells.

1,2

Which of the following sites are commonly used for an intravenous injection?1) Median cubital vein2) Basilic vein3) Popliteal vein

1,2

Which of the following statements apply to Bremsstrahlung radiation: 1 It can be created from energy levels ranging from 0 to the set kVp 2 No ionization takes place in the creation of a Brems ray 3 It can only be created at 69 kEv

1,2

All drug packages must provide certain information required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of the information that must be provided includes1) the generic name.2) contraindications.3) the usual dose.

1,2,3

Which of the following conditions must be met in order for patient consent to be valid? 1) The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedation.2) The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure.3) All the blanks on the consent form must be filled in before the patient signs the form.

1,2,3

Which of the following must be included in the patient's medical record or chart?1) Diagnostic and therapeutic orders2) Medical history3) Informed consent

1,2,3

Which of the following radiation exposure responses exhibit a nonlinear threshold dose-response relationship? 1) Skin erythema 2) Hematologic depression 3) Lethality

1,2,3

Instruments required to assess vital signs include a1) thermometer.2) tongue blade.3) watch with a second hand.

1,3

When caring for elderly patients, which of the following physical changes should be expected? 1. Skin atrophy which can lead to injury 2. Decreased hearing ability 3. Increased pain tolerance

1,3

An image with few shades of gray and few differences between those shades would be called 1. High contrast 2. Short-scale 3. Long-sclae

1.2

Examples of synovial pivot articulations include the1) atlantoaxial joint.2) radioulnar joint.3) symphysis pubis

1.2

Which of the following contribute(s) to inherent filtration?1 X-ray tube glass envelope2 X-ray tube port window3 Aluminum between the tube housing and the collimator

1.2

Which of the following is true of the laser used in CR processing? 1. It returns electrons to their ground state 2. It causes the trapped electrons to give off light 3. It turns x-rays into light

1.2

Which of the following criteria is (are) required for visualization of the greater tubercle in profile?1) Epicondyles parallel to the IR2) Arm in external rotation3) Humerus in AP position

1.2.3

Which of the following factors influence(s) the production of scattered radiation?1) Kilovoltage level2) Tissue density3) Size of field

1.2.3

Which of the following is true regarding an AP projection of the leg?1. The knee and ankle joint must both be demonstrated2. The CR enters perpendicular to the center of the leg3. The entire fibia and tiba should be overlapped

1.2.3

Which of the follwing are fundamental properties of x-rays? 1. They travel the speed of light 2. They travel in straight lines 3. They are capable of ionizing atoms

1.2.3

A patient is seated with the CR directed through the elbow joint. The patient's arm is extended over the IR, palm pronated medially, elbow rotated 45 degrees. Which of the following is best demonstrated?1. Olecranon process within the olecranon fossa2. Radial head, neck, and tuberosity3. Coronoid process in profile

1.3

A patient is usually required to drink a barium sulfate suspension in order to demonstrate which of the following structures? 1) Pylorus2) Sigmoid3) Ilium

1.3

Rotating the feet medially 15-20 degrees on an AP Pelvis will do the which of the following: 1. Place the femoral necks parallel with the IR2. Place the femoral necks perpendicular with the IR3. Rotate the lesser trochanters behind the femur so they are not visible

1.3

The axiolateral, or horizontal beam, projection of the hip requires the cassette to be placed 1) in contact with the lateral surface of the body.2) in a vertical position and exactly perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck.3) with top edge slightly above the iliac crest.

1.3

The ribs articulate with the spine via the 1. Costovertebral joint 2. Costochondral joint 3. Costotransverse joint

1.3

Which of the following are part of the bony thorax?1) 12 thoracic vertebrae2) Scapulae3) 24 ribs

1.3

Which of the following have an effect on spatial resolution?1) Focal spot size2) Type of rectification3) SID

1.3

Which of the following is true regarding a medial oblique projection of the foot?1. The tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal should be visualized2. The medial and intermediate cuneiforms are well visualized3. The central ray is perpendicluar to the base of the third metatarsal

1.3

Which of the following is true regarding the amount of tissue imaged and scatter radiation? 1. Imaging more tissue will increase scatter 2. Imaging less tissue will increase scatter 3. Scatter will degrade image quality if not controlled

1.3

Which of the following statements is (are) correct regarding the parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method) of the skull?1) The head is rested on the extended chin.2) The orbitomeatal line (OML) is perpendicular to the (IR).3) The maxillary antra should be projected above the petrosa

1.3

Primary barriers should contain _____ inch lead equivalent.

1/16

ALARA principles state that personnel who receive what percent of the annual dose must be supplied with a monitor?

10%

Epilation may begin to occur in most people following a radiation exposure of atleast:

100 mGy

All of the following are true of an PA chest image except:

12 posterior ribs are visible above the diaphragm

The central ray an AP axial projection of the toes is

15 degrees posterior entering at the 3rd MTP joint

The minimum source-to-skin distance for fixed fluoroscopes is:

15"

An AP Pelvis should have the lower limb rotated

15* internally

In order to project the sternum in to the heart shadow, the following positioning is used:

15-20 RAO

The central ray for an AP C-spine is directed

15-20 cephalic to C4

An AP projection of the hip should have the lower limb rotated

15-20 degrees medially

If a patient is unable to assume the lordotic position for an AP clavicle, what will the CR angulation be?

15-30 degrees cephalic

Early symptoms of acute radiation syndrome include 1 leukopenia 2 nausea and vomiting .3 Cataracts.

2

How many times per cycle must a signal be sampled to stay within the Nyquist Criterion?

2

The annual dose limit for medical imaging personnel includes radiation from 1) medical x-rays.2) occupational exposure.3) background radiation.

2

Which of the following patient rights is violated by discussing privileged patient information with an individual who is not involved with the patient's care?1) The right to considerate and respectful care2) The right to privacy3) The right to continuity of care

2

Which projection(s) of the abdomen would be used to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum?1) Right lateral decubitus2) Left lateral decubitus

2

In order to include the diaphragm on the upright abdomen, where should the central ray be directed?

2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crest

The collimated light field must be within what percentage of the SID?

2%

The advantages of using nonionic, water-soluble contrast media include1) cost-containment benefits.2) low toxicity.3) fewer adverse reactions.

2,3

A thin film transistor (TFT) could be found in which imaging systems? 1. CR 2. Indirect DR 3. Direct DR

2.3

Characteristics of digital radiographic imaging include1 chemical processing2 direct-capture imaging systems.3 immediate image display.

2.3

During an upper gastrointestinal (GI) examination, the AP recumbent projection of a stomach of average shape will usually demonstrate1) anterior and posterior aspects of the stomach.2) barium-filled fundus.3) double-contrast body and antral portions.

2.3

Which of the following is (are) possible long-term somatic effects of radiation exposure?1) Nausea and vomiting2) Carcinogenesis3) Leukemia

2.3

The total filtration required for an x-ray tube operating above 70 kVp is

2.5 mm Al

The axiolateral TMJ (Schuller's view) uses a tube angulation of approximately

25-30 degrees caudal

A bit depth of 8 means how many individual shades of gray will be available for each pixel?

256

The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter may be worn for:

3 mos....

For an AP projection of the knee, the central ray is angled

3-5 degrees cephalic or caudal based on the pelvic thickness

A 3-inch object to be radiographed at a 36-inch SID lies 4 inches from the image receptor. What will be the image size?

3.3

When performing a barium enema, the AP axial projection should use a:

30-40 degree cephalic angle

A matrix size of 1000 x 1000 with a field of view (FOV) of 300mm will have what pixel size?

300/1000 = 0.3

The central ray for a PA projection of the hand is:

3rd MTP

A primary barrier located in a wall must extend at least how many feet?

4 Ft

The voltage ripple of a 3 phase, 12 pulse x-ray system is approximately

4%

For the axial projection of the calcaneus, the central ray is directed how many degrees to the long angle of the foot?

40

The CR for a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus is

40 degrees cephalic entering at the base of the third metatarsal

The proper degree of obliquity for a PA oblique wrist projection is

45

What is the established fetal dose limit guideline for pregnant radiographers during the entire gestation period?

5 mSv

The timer in the x-ray system must be accurate within _____ of the actual exposure time.

5%

A satisfactory image is produced using 20 mAs at 40 inches. If a repeat image was acquired at 72 inches, what mAs would be needed to maintain exposure

65

In order to create a characteristic x-ray, your kVp must be set to a minimum of

70

Which minimum kVp setting must be used in order to produce characteristic x-rays?

70

A TFT with a fill factor of 75% would mean that

75% of the TFT is used for sensing and storage

All of the following are true of a correctly positioned PA chest x-ray EXCEPT

8 posterior ribs are visible above the diaphragm

A particular radiograph was produced using 6 mAs and 110 kVp with an 8:1 ratio grid. The radiograph is to be repeated using a 16:1 ratio grid. What should be the new mAs?

9

For a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed:

90

The use of gonadal shielding for males may reduce gonad dose by as much as

95

A normal temperature for a child, age 6, would be

98.5

All of the following are true regarding digital fluoroscopy EXCEPT

A 5 minute alarm timer is not required

Which of the following is NOT true regarding magnification mode during a fluoro exam

A larger amount of the input phosphor is used

Which of the following scenarios would require the use of the axiolateral (Clemets-Nakayama) method to image the hip?

A trauma patient with two injured legs

The function of the fluoroscopic system that compensates for changing patient size to maintain brightness is called the

ABC

Voltage rectification is required to change

AC to DC

Which of the following will best demonstrate the size and shape of the liver and kidneys?

AP abdomen

Effective dose (Efd) is the product of the following

Absorbed Dose (D) Radiation weighting factor (WR) Tissue weighting factor (WT)

Which of these effects occur only after very high doses of radiation?

Acute radiation syndrome

What type of precautions prevents the spread of infectious agents in aerosol form?

Airborne

The American Hospital Association (AHA) Patient Care Partnership allows for which of the following?

All of the above

While performing venipuncture, if a vein is not immediately apparent, which of the following can help to increase visibility of usable vein?

Allow the arm to hand down for a few seconds

The AP lordotic position of the chest can be used to demonstrate the _____ of the lung free from superimposition.

Apices

The small focal spot cannot be used for every exam because:

At higher techniques, the heat load would be too much on the anode

When scheduling multiple imaging studies for the same day, which of the following is true?

Barium studies are performed first since the patient is fasting.

The vertebral prominens is found on which cervical vertebra?

C7

A "Swimmer's" view of the spine may be required in order demonstrate which of the following?

C7-T1

Which of the following is responsible for changing the analog signal into a digital signal?

CDC (wrong

Which acute radiation syndrome requires the largest exposure before any effects become apparent?

CNS

Which of the following is a negative contrast agent?

CO2 gas producing crystals used in an Upper GI

Sampling frequency of the laser determins the pixel pitch in which type of x-ray imaging?

CR

The right and left main stem bronchi divide from the trachea at the

Carina

Which of the following would be the most appropriate method of identifying a patient?

Checking a patient's wristband and verifying their name and date of birth against the paperwork for the exam

An inflammatory disease which effects the bowel and may be separated by normal segments of bowel is:

Crohn's

During the direct action of radiation, the x-ray photon interacts directly with the:

DNA

The master molecule that directs all the other cellular acitiviy is:

DNA

The ability of an image receptor to capture and use incoming x-rays is called

DQE

In a Fuchs view of the upper cervical spine, which of the following is best demonstrated within the foramen magnum?

Dens

Amorphous selenium (A-Se) is the photoconductor in which x-ray imaging system?

Direct

A PA axial oblique C-spine will demonstrate

Downside intervertebral foramina

Which of the following should be used as the primary method of reducing exposure to the patient?

Effective communication

ERCP stands for:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (

A Dobhoff tube (NG tube) would be used for which of the following?

Feeding a patient that has lost swallowing function

Which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle?

Fovea Capitis

Select the term that best describes the multiple pouches found throughout the colon.

HAUSTRA

Patient's medical information is protected through which legislation?

HIPPA

Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?

Having an innapropriate facial expression while the patient is discussing their history

All of the following will reduce noise caused by scatter EXCEPT

Imaging a thicker body part

How should a chest examination to rule out air-fluid levels be obtained on a patient having traumatic injuries?

Include a dorsal decubitus lateral chest projection

Which of the following would increase the probability of a photoelectric interaction?

Increase in atomic number

Using the smaller focal spot will do which of the following?

Increase spatial resolution

Which of the following would reduce the presence of scatter on the image?

Increasing grid ratio from 5:1 to 10:1

Which of the following is NOT part of the cycle of infection?

Incubation period

What is the position of the gallbladder in an asthenic patient?

Inferior and medial

The esophagus originates:

Inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

Radiation with a high LET

Is highly ionizing

A solid-state laser is preferred over the helium-neon gas laser in CR readers because:

It has a longer wavelength and won't interfere with the emitted light

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

It increases the average energy of the primary beam

Increasing the collimation will have what effect on image quality?

It will reduce receptor exposure because less scatter is produced

How will x-ray photon intensity be affected if the SID is doubled?

Its intensity decreases four times.

Of the factors listed below, which one affects BOTH x-ray beam quality and quantity?

Kvp

Which of the following is a pre-reading device in the x-ray circuit?

Kvp meter

The inferior costal margin corresponds to which of the following?

L2-L3

Which of the following exams would demonstrate the right side intervertebral foramina?

LAO C-spine

In which projection of the foot are the sinus tarsi, cuboid, and tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal best demonstrated?

LAT

The frontal sinus would be be best demonstrated on which of the following images?

LAT

The right zygapophyseal joints would be best demonstrated on which of the following exams?

LPO

Free air in the abdomen would best be demonstrated on which of the following views?

LT LAT decubitus

The Waters view of the skull requires which of the following lines to be perpendicular to the IR?

MML

Which of the following stages of Acute Radiation Sickness would the exposed individual likely not be suffering with any symptoms?

Manifest......

The most important anatomy a radiologist will review on a Waters view of the skull would be

Maxillary sinus

Which of the following will decrease patient dose in fluroscopy?

Moving the image intensifier closer to the patient

Which of the following is the medical term which means kidney?

Nephr

What must precede any examinations involving iodinated contrast media?

Nephrotoxicity assessment

The intertrochanteric crest is located:

On the posterior aspect of the proximal femur

After using the AEC for a PA chest, the technologist notices that the EI indicates the image was greatly overexposed. The most likely cause for this is:

Only the center cell was used

You are performing timed images for a small bowel follow through on a 25 year old female patient. Which of the following projections would be the SAFEST way to image the patient?

PA..

A patient who is diaphoretic has

Pale, cool, and clammy skin

When performing a cross-table lateral hip, how is the IR situated?

Parallel to the femoral neck

Which situation would NOT require the use of gloves?

Performing a chest x-ray on a mobile out patient

When performing AP oblique projections for an IVU, the kidney closer to the IR is _________ with the plane of the IR.

Perpendicular

How is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the hip?

Perpendicular to a point 2" medial to the ASIS at the level of the superior margin of the greater trochanter.

Which of the following would not be provided on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

Physician's name

The AP axial "outlet" pelvic projection best demonstrates which of the following structures

Pubic and ischial rami

The process which assigns numbers to the digital signal produced by the ADC

Quantization

In order to prevent the sternum from being superimposed on the spine, the _____ position is used.

RAO

The axillary ribs closest to the image receptor will be best seen on which of the following projections?

RAO

The left axiallary ribs would be best demonstrated on which of the following?

RAO

When performing a double contrast lower GI study, which of the following positions would be the most useful in demonstrating polyps on the lateral side of the descending portion of the large intestine?

RT LAT decubitus

Magnification on the image can be reduced by doing which of the following?

Reducing the OID

Which of the following is true of the ribs?

Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs

In an AP proximal femur the neck is placed parallel by having the patient

Rotate the leg internally 10 to 15 degrees

The joint which connects the spine to the pelvis is the

SI joints

Which of the following views best demonstrates the structures of the cranial base?

SMV

Biohazard materials contain instructions for the safe use of the product, handling, clean up and disposal directions. This documentation is called:

Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Which of the following accurately describes sampling?

Sampling the incoming analog signal to convert it to a number (digital)

When performing a lower GI study, the enema tip should be inserted with the patient in what position?

Sim's

The purpose of the stators is to

Spin the rotor through induction

The philosophy that there is no safe dose of radiation refers to what kind of radiation effects?

Stochastic

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using tungsten as the target on the focal track?

Strong magnetic field

Which of the following blood pressure measurements might indicate shock?

Systolic pressure higher than 140 mmHg

The manubrial notch is at approximately the same level as the

T2T3

The central ray of an AP thoracic spine is directed at

T7

Pixel pitch, the distance between the center of one pixel to the center of the next, is determined in DR imaging by the

TFT array

Diagnostic imaging examinations do not normally impose radiation doses sufficient to cause early tissue reactions.

TRUE

All of the following are true of a parietoacanthial (Waters) view EXCEPT

The IR is directed perpendicular to the glabella

Which of the following best describes the remnant beam?

The beam that exits the patient

Which of the following is true of an AP hip that has been correctly positioned?

The greater trochanter will be superimposed behind the femur

After reviewing a CR image, excessive quantum mottle is noticed. This could interfere with accurate diagnosis for which of the following reasons?

The image will be too dark on the monitor

All of the following statements regarding an exact PA projection of the skull, with the central ray perpendicular to the IR, are true except

The midsagittal plane (MSP) is parallel to the IR.

is its shortest possible exposure time.

The minimum response time of an automatic exposure control (AEC)

Which of the following is considered inherent filtration?

The mirror in the collimator (wrong)

Which of the following is NOT a condition for valid patient consent

The patient speak fluent English

An LPO for the sacroilliac joints will best demonstrate the

The side up SI joint

How can radiation rate influence biologic damage?

The slower the dose is deliver, the more biologic damage will occur

The legal doctrine res ipsa locquitur means which of the following?

The thing speaks for itself

All of the following are true of x-ray photons EXCEPT:

The travel the speed of sound

Which of the following is NOT true regrading care of a patient with a urinary catheter?

The urine collection bag must be kept above the level of the bladder

A fracture of the zygomatic arch, orbital floor and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture is known as what type of fracture?

Tripod

What portion of the humerus articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint?

Trochlea

The intercondular fossa is best demonstrated on which view of the knee?

Tunnel view

An AP oblique cervival spine best demonstrates which of the following:

Upside intervertebral foramen

Which of the following represents proper body mechanics?

Use the leg and abdominal muscles to lift

A graph which shows an imaging system's ability to represent the spatial resolution of objects being imaged is called:

Using the incorrect SID on a focused grid (wrong

All the following positions may be used to demonstrate the sternoclavicular articulations except

WB

Any SID can be used

Which of the following is NOT true of focused grids?

As electrons impinge on the target surface, less than 1% of their kinetic energy is changed to

X-ray

Which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation?

Y view

A high signal-to-noise ratio indicates that

You will have higher image quality and less noise

The phosphor used in computed radiography is

a barium fluorohalide doped with europium

Which of the following may be used to reduce exposure to the pediatric patient?

a.appropriate immobilizationb.accurate positioing skillsc.all of thesed.pulse progressive fluoroscopy

A disease spread by vehicle transmission could occur by which of the following?

a.contact with food, water, medication or equipment

The head of the femur articulates with the pelvis at the

acetabulum

Pathologies which are ______ would require ________ in exposure technique.

addictive, increase

Kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation best describes which of the following?

air kerma

A Compton scattered x-ray will retain

all of its energy

A patient who has had an organ transplant may have which of the following isolation precautions?

all of the above

Anaphylaxis is the term used to describe

allergic shock

Brems are created when

an electron is slowed by the nucleus

Which of the following terms implies a life-threatening event?

anaphylaxis

An MRI procedure is contraindicated for a patient having

aneurism clip

Which of the following is NOT a common area to administer an intramuscular injection?

antecubital area

The midcoronal plane separates the body into

anterior and posterior

The energy of characteristic x-rays is dependent on the

atomic number of the filament material

The quickest effective method of sterilization for items that can withstand heat and moisture is

autoclave

Which ethical principle is related to the theory that patients have the right to decide what will or will not be done to them?

autonomy

A Compton scattered x-ray that is deflected at 180 degrees is called

back scatter

Because of the linear response, digital radiography is more sensitive to

background radiation

Which of the following procedures may require a cleansing enema prior to the exam being performed?

barium enema

For the AP projection of the foot, the central ray enters at the:

base of the 3rd MT

A common site for IV injection is the anticubital region utilizing the _____ vein

basilic

Taking an x-ray of the wrong body part could be considered

battery

In order to reduce occupational exposure during a fluoroscopic exam, where would be the best place for the technologist to stand?

behind fluoroscopist

The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for

beta, x-, and gamma radiations.

Located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is (are) the:

bicipital groove

Which of the following tissues is the most radioresistant?

brain

A patient transfer from stretcher to radiographic table and back to the stretcher should be performed:

by two or more persons for patient safety

Which of the folllowing are potential effects of radiation exposure to the gonads? (select all the apply)

cancer, genetics effect, temporally sterility

Which bone is located in the wrist, between the trapezoid and the hamate?

capitate

Which of the following is the largest carpal bone?

capitate

A vasodilator would most likely be used for

cardiac arrest

The type of shock that occurs when the heart is failing is called:

cardiogenic

Which of the following are considered somatic effects of radiation? (select all that apply)

cataracts, cancer

When performing CPR, the acronym "CAB" stands for

circulation, airway, breathing

Which of the following x-ray interactions happens at low energies and does not ionize the atom

classical

Which organ has mucosal folds that are referred to as haustra?

colon

Which of the following interactions produce radiation that may expose others in the room during fluoroscopy?

comptom

A high enegy x-ray ejects an outer shell electron which leads to

compton

A high energy x-ray interacts with an outer shell and ejects it while the x-ray is deflected and travels a new direction. This scenario best describes which interaction?

compton

The photon-tissue interaction that produces a recoil electon and a scattered photon in diagnostic radiography is:

compton

Which of the following interactions does not ionize the atom?

compton

The first task that must be performed when beginning a radiographic examination is to:

confirm pt ID

If the requisition does not match the patient's complaint, what should you do?

confirm the examination with the ordering physician

The difference between adjacent shades of gray on the image is referred to as

contrast

In digital imaging, the overall lightness and darkness of an image is no longer called density but is now referred to by this display monitor property:

contrast (wrong)

Which of the following is a violation of correct sterile techniques?

d.Persons in sterile dress should pass each other face to face.

Decreasing field size from 14 × 17 into 8 × 10 inches will

decrease IR exposure and decrease the amount of scattered radiation generated within the part.

Which of the following adjustments would be appropriate for a destructive pathology such as degenerative arthritis?

decrease Kvp

A 15% increase in kVp accompanied by a 50% decrease in mAs will result in a(n)

decrease in patient dose

Which of the following is located in left lower quadrant (LLQ)?

descending

Emphysema is a ______ pathology which requires a/an _______ in technique

destructive, decrease

The image receptor can be a source of infection by which of the following?

direct contact

The best way to view a digital image is:

directly in front of the monitor

Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization?

disinfection

Before positioning a patient for an upright chest x-ray, you should perform which of the following?

disinfection of the upright bucky

Which of the following is a quantity that reflects not only the dose but also the volume of tissue irradiated?

dose area product (DAP)

The range of grays that an x-ray system is able to capture is called the

dynamic range

The shades of gray available for display on an imaging system can also be called the

dynamic range

The total range of exposures that an IR is able to capture and convert into a useful image is called the

dynamic range

The upper dose that can be absorbed and carries a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to a person is called:

effective dose

Which dose measurement is used to predict stochastic effects such as cancer?

effective dose

Electrons are guided across the image intensifier by the

electrostatic focusing lens

"Flattening" of the hemidiaphragms is characteristic of which of the following conditions?

emphysema

The condition in which pulmonary alveoli lose their elasticity and become permanently inflated, causing the patient to consciously exhale, is

emphysema

Which of the following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure factors?

emphysema

If the x-ray tube is angled so that it is no longer perpendicular to the part, what sort of distortion will occur?

englongation

The flap located at the entrance of the larynx which serves to keep swallowed items from entering the trachea is the:

epiglottis

Another name for a nosebleed is

epistaxis

A CR image that appears to have a double exposure, but no other patient has been exposed.What is the most likely cause of this equipment malfunction?

erasure thoroughness

Which of the following represents the skin's response to radiation exposure?

erythema

An UGI with barium in the lower body, pylorus and duodenum with air in the fundus was done PA.

false

You receive a request that states, "Hx of talipes equinovarus". What exam will you be performing?

feet

The ratio of light photons at the output phosphor to light photons at the input phosphor is called the

flux gain

All of the following affect patient dose except

focal spot size

A pit is described anatomically as a:

fossa

Lower ribs are done on which respiration?

full expiration

Upper ribs are done on which respiration?

full inspiration

Complete removal of all organisms from equipment and the environment in which patient care is conducted describes:

gas sterilization

Radiation effects that show up in the next generation are called:

genetic

Which of the following organs is/are the most radiosensitive?

gonad

What unit of measurement expresses the amount of energy deposited in tissue?

gray

When comparing one type of radiation to another, the unit of measurement that can be used to describe the biological effects is the:

gray

Which of the following has NO effect on on the creation of Compton scatter?

grid ratio

You receive a request that states under Reason for Exam, "R/O Boxer fracture". What part of the body will be imaged?

hand

When performing patient care in radiology:

hands should be washed after each patient

The most effective means of preventing the spread of infection involves the use of:

handwashing

Bile passes through the ______ and empties in to the duodenum during digestion

hepatopancreatic ampulla

The most common radiographic finding of myelography is:

herniated disk

For radiation protection purposes, which of the following exposure techniques should be used?

high Kvp, low mAs

An oral temperature will be _________ an axially temperature

higher

A graph of exposure values which can be rescaled best describes the

histogram

Sampling the incoming signal and quantizing it happens in the

histogram rescaling (wrong)

A nosocomial infection is a (n)

hospital acquired infection

Which of the following projections will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and c-loop?

hypersthenic

A patient whose systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mmHg is usually considered

hypotensive

The device that receives the remnant beam, converts it into light, and then increases the brightness of that light is the

image intensifier

Additive pathologies, such as pneumonia, would require what change to technique?

increase

As x-ray energy increase, frequency will

increase

Magnification mode in fluoro has what effect on patient dose?

increase

All of the following will increase receptor exposure EXCEPT

increase SID

Which of the following actions would reduce patient dose?

increase collimation

Upon examining a digital image you notice that the image has quantum mottle and is also under penetrated. Which of the following would be the best way to correct this?

increase mAs

Assuming appropriate penetration of the body part, quantum mottle would be fixed by

increase mas

Amorphous silicon (A-Si) is the photodiode used in which type of imaging system?

indirect

Most cellular damage in the body is a result of

indirect effect

Which of the following causes about 95% of the cellular response to radiation?

indirect effect

Which of the following groups has the highest resting pulse rate?

infant

In the image intensifer, which of the following helps guide the eletrons towards the output phosphor?

input phosphor (wrong)

Sterile technique is required when contrast agents are administered

intrathecally.

Administration of contrast agents for radiographic purposes is usually performed by which of the following parenteral routes?

intravenous

Which of the following urologic procedures introduces contrast media in the normal direction of blood flow?

intravenous urography

"Telescoping" of the bowel where one segment prolapses onto another is called

intusseption

X-rays may remove an electron from an atom in the body by a process called:

ionization

Foreshortening of an anatomic structure means that

it is projected on the IR smaller than its actual size

Which portion of the bowel has numerous mucosal folds that give it a "feathery" appearance on contrast-enhanced studies?

jejuneum

Which of the following is not an appropriate site for venipuncture?

jugular vein

In fluoroscopy, the automatic brightness control adjusts the

kvp and mA

For the same field of view, an imaging system with a ______ matrix will have ______ pixels.

larger, smaller

The energy stored in an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter is released when the dosimeter is exposed to:

laser

Positive beam limitation refers to

limiting the collimator to the IR size when using the bucky

The dose-threshold model of __________ best describes a condition which can occur at any dose and the degree of response is directly proportional

linear non threshold

A quality control test is being performed by taking a series of exposures using the exact same technique for each and measuring the exposure. Which test is being peformed?

linearity

Which of the following procedures requires that the patient be placed in the lithotomy position?

lithotomy position

A PA axial skull (Caldwell) requires that the petrous ridges be

lower third of the orbit

Which of the following cells are the most radiosensitive?

lymphocyte

All of the following are related to recorded detail (spatial resolution) except

mA

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining heat units for a three-phase, 12-pulse x-ray machine?

mA × time × kVp × 1.41

When using the automatic exposure control (AEC), which factors are set by the technologist?

ma and Kvp

Which of the following is NOT one of the bones of the skull?

mandible

The arrangement of individual pixels into rows and columns describes the

matrix

Which of the following bones contains an alveolar process?

maxilla

The average dose to active bone marrow as an indicator of somatic effects on a population is called:

mean marrow dose

The central ray for an upright AP abdomen is

midline, 2 inches above the iliac crest

The central ray for a supine AP abdomen is

midline, at the level of the iliac crest

If the x-ray tube and IR are perpendicular but the body part is out of the plane of alignment, which of the following will occur?

minification

The process of somatic cell division is called:

mitosis

When somatic cells divide, they undergo:

mitosis

On a PA chest x-ray, the shoulders are rolled forward in order to

move the scapulae out of the lung field

Which of the following tissue types would be most radioresistant?

muscle

The most frequently used device to deliver oxygen is the

nasal canula

The pars interarticularis is represented by what part of the "scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine?

neck

Which of the following is true of the focusing cup?

negative charge

Which of the following cells would be least radiosensitive?

nerve

A neoplasm describes which of the following?

new, abnormal growth

The following image was taken as part of a small bowel follow thru study. The radiologist wants to be notified when barium has reached the cecum. Based on the image below, do you contact the radiologist?

no

A radiation effect that is associated with a specific dose threshold is called a:

non-stochastic effect

Which of the following is NOT an oxygen delivery device?

nonrebreathing mask

X-ray exams could be ordered by all of the following groups except

nurse

Which of the following cranial bones contains an external protuberance?

occipital

The QC technologist turns off the monitor and examines the screen. The technologist is evaulating which of the following?

optical density (wrong

Cells concerned with the formation and repair of bone are

osteoblast

In an image intensifier, electrons are converted to light by which of the following?

output phosphor

A patient experiening cyanosis will need

oxygen

Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which of the following conditions?

oxygenated

Which of the following bones contains a coronal suture?

parietal

Which of the following bones has a coronal suture?

parietal

The serous membrane that lines the lungs is the

parietal pleura

When preparing to move a patient from a wheelchair to the x-ray table, the wheelchair should be positioned

parralel

The eye of the Scotty dog corresponds to which anatomical part?

pedicle

For radiography of the fingers, the central ray enters:

perpendicular to the distal interphalangeal joint

In the image intensifier, light is converted to electrons by the

photocathode

Total absorption, where the x-ray ceases to exist, describes which interaction?

photoelectric

A higher atomic number will lead to an increase in

photoelectric interactions

The proximal radioulnar joint has has what type of movement?

pivot

The distance between two pixels is called the:

pixel pitch

The test that measures a display monitor's contrast and brightness levels describes:

plate uniformity

Free air in the abdominal cavity is termed

pneumoperitoneum

Which of the following conditions describes free air in the abdominal cavity?

pneumoperitoneum

Which of the following is an indication for a barium sulfate upper GI?

possible duodenal perforation

The first step in pouring liquids into a container in a sterile field is to:

pour a small amount into the waste container to clean the lip of the bottle

What is the most important reason for collimating and using gonadal shielding?

prevent mutations in the human population

What period of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is characterized by the full onset of systemic illness?

prodromal

Which phase of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is considered the body's initial reaction to a high dose of radiation?

prodromal

Some patients, such as infants and children, are unable to maintain the necessary radiographic position without assistance. If mechanical restraining devices cannot be used, which of the following should be requested or permitted to hold this patient?

pt's dad

Digital fluoroscopy makes use of ________ in order to reduce patient dose.

pulsed

With the patient RAO, a PA oblique projection performed during an upper GI exam will best demonstrate a barium filled

pylorus and duodenal bulb

A grainy appearance on the image, typically caused by under exposure is called

quantum mottle

The gray(Gy)is described as

radiation energy absorbed per unit mass.

X-ray photons that deposit their energy in the water of cytoplasm may cause:

radiolysis

Congruence of the x-ray beam with the light field is tested using

radiopaque objects.

A particular mAs, regardless of the combination of mA and time, will reproduce the same radiographic density. This is a statement of the

reciprocity law

To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in

recumbent

A surgical instrument is left in a patient and discovered on a post-op x-ray. This would fall under which legal doctrine?

res ispa loquitur

A radiograph demonstrates a surgical instrument that was left inside the patient during a medical operation. This is an example of which legal doctrine?

res ispa losquitur

As long as your technique is within reason, which of the following will adjust the brightness of the image by comparing the exposure to a reference histogram?

rescaling

Which of the following contains 5 fused segments?

sacrum

For a barium enema, the contrast agent should be mixed with:

saline

In direct digital imaging, the pixel size is determined by the

sampling frequency ( wrong

Place the following digital processing steps in order from first to last

sampling-quanzination-histogram formation-histogram rescaling

Radiation exiting the patient in very divergent paths describes:

scatter

The physical piece of equipment which represents one pixel in a DR image is called a:

scintilator ( wrong

Protective apparel such as Pb aprons and gloves are considered what type of barrier from radiation?

secondary

The primary function of histogram rescaling is to

set final image contrast (wrong)

A common device used to measure display monitor quality control and characteristics is a(n):

simpte

All of the following can be used to test focal spot size EXCEPT

slit camera (wrong)

The movement of the laser as it scans the IP in the CR reader is called

slow scan (wrong

As the matrix of an imaging system gets larger, the pixels get ______ and spatial resolution _______.

smaller; increase

Which of the following bones resembles a "bat" or "butterfly"?

sphenoid

Logrolling is a method of moving patients with suspected

spinal injury.

According to the CDC, the principle that all patients could potentially be a source of infection and therefore appropriate protective measures should be taken is called

standard precautions

The electricity applied the filament in order to heat it and release an electron cloud is delivered by the

step down

The complete killing of all microorganisms is termed

sterilization

The process in which a digital system combines two images, such as with a scoliosis study, is referred to as

stiching

A nasogastric tube will terminate in the

stomach

The palpable, conic projection on the distal end of the radius is a

styloid

Nitroglycerin would be administered by which of the following routes?

sublingual

During myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the

subrarachnoid

The apex of the patella is found on the

superior

Which of the following is an example of the synarthrosis joint type?

sutures of the skull

For a lateral esophogram, the CR enters:

the midcoronal plane at the level of T5-T6

The AP axial (lordotic) chest, with a cephalic angle of 15-20 degrees, is used to demonstrate

the pulmonary apices projected below the clavicles

All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true except

the right lung has two lobes.

To take advantage of the anode heel effect, the _______ part should be under the _______ end of the x-ray tube.

thicker, cathode

For an AP projection of the toes, the central ray enters at the:

third metatarsophalangeal joint

Embryological effects are least likely to occur during which of the following?

third trimester

Since cataracts do not form at low levels of radiation, they are best described by which of the following dose-response relationships?

threshold

The risk of cancer is estimated by calculating the:

tissue weight factor

The primary function of the look-up table (LUT) is

to establish the values of interest (VOI) (wrong)

The purpose of appropriate brightness and contrast is

to make geometric details visible

The primary reason to use a grid when taking an x-ray is

to reduce the amount of the scatter that reaches the image receptor (IR) and improve contrast

During atrial systole, blood flows into the right ventricle by way of what valve?

triscuspid

A PA projection of the stomach in a UGI study will show barium in the fundus and upper body.

true

If the center cell on the automatic exposure control (AEC) was accidentally used for a chest x-ray, the resulting image would be

under (wrong)

Quantum mottle, appearing as a grainy image, indicates that

underexpose

The hollow tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder is known as the:

ureter

The amount of time the beam is on and is directed at a particular barrier is called:

use factor

A mosquito passing malaria to a human through its bite is an example of transmission by a

vector

Lyme disease is caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks. The tick bite may cause fever, fatigue, and other associated symptoms. This is an example of transmission of an infection by

vector