radiation protection final

14. which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public? a. ALARA B. BERT C. ORP D. NEXT

B. BERT

11. the millisievert (mSv) is equal to: a. 1/10 of a sievert b. 1/100 of a sievert c. 1/1000 of a sievert d. 1/10,000 of a sievert

c. 1/1,000 of a sievert

8. why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA? a. so that referring physicians ordering the imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety b. so that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety c. because radiation induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease

c. because radiation induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease

12. which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified? a. ALARA concept b. BERT method c. Diagnostic efficacy d. NEXT program

c. diagnostic efficacy

17. in a team approach to patient care, various participants: 1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise 2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team 3. rotate as the person in charge of the team

1 and 2 only

9. consequences of ionization in human cells include: 1. creation of unstable atoms 2. production of free electrons 3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing poisonous substances to the cell 4. creation of new biological molecules detrimental to the living cell 5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

4. which of the following are required by the joint commission for CT? 1. annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques 2. minimum qualifications for medical physicist 3. documentation of CT radiation doses 4. management of CT protocols to minimize radiation dose

1, 2, 3, and 4

3. the advantages of the BERT method are: 1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison 2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment 3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend

1, 2, and 3

5. effective protective measures take into consideration: 1. both human and environmental physical determinants 2. technical elements 3. procedural factors

1, 2, and 3

2. which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes? A. ionizing radiation B. nonionizing radiation C. subatomic radiation D. ultrasonic radiation

A. ionizing radiation

7. which of the following statements below is true? a. it appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation induced malignant disease b. the ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation induced malignancy c. the BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation induced malignancy d. the NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level for radiation induced malignancy

A. it appears no safe dose level exists for radiation induced malignant disease

1. regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to: A. assume a small chance of biological damage but not suppress any radiation phobia they may have B. cancel their procedure because they are not willing to assume a small chance of biological damage C. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biological damage D. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible biological damage

D. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible biological damage

15. typically, people are more willing to accept risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is: a. greater than the risk involved b. equal to the risk involved c. less than the risk involved d. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may be

a. greater than the risk involved

16. if a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can: a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to the natural background radiation received. b. avoid the patients question by changing the subject c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the referring physician

a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to the natural background radiation received.

18. which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation? a. exposure b. effective dose c. absorbed dose d. there is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation

b. effective dose

13. the cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following? a. time b. distance c. shielding d. all of the above

d. all of the above

19. why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a procedure difficult to answer? a. because the received dose is specified in a number of different units b. because the scientific units for radiation dose are not normally comprehensible by a patient c. because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose d. more than one, but not all of the above

d. more than one but not all of the above

6. the term as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term? a. background equivalent radiation time (BERT) b. equivalent dose (EqD) c. diagnostic efficacy d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP)

d. optimization for radiation protection

10. the ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This information may be helpful to manu: a. accrediting bodies b. advisory groups c. radiation standards organizations d. regulatory agencies

d. regulatory agencies