RANDOM

a patient is recovering from a ileocecal resection. where 100 cm was removed. What are your recommendations: -oral vitamin B12, increase fluids, increase protein -parenteral vitamin b12, increase fluids, increase protein -decrease fluids increase protein , parenteral b12 -decrease protein, decrease fluids , oral b12

-parenteral vitamin b12, increase fluids, increase protein

If a patient's GFR is < 50 ml/minute, what should their protein intake be (in g/KG)? a. 1 b. .8 c .55-.6 d. .2-4

. 8 GFR <60 .8 gP/kg GFR <25 .6gP /kg

a patient with a GFR of 20ml/min should receive how many grams of protein/kg

0.6

To treat hyperlipidemia, which fat source should be recommended, and why? A Safflower oil because it decreases hepatic production of triglycerides B Flax seeds because they inhibit VLDL synthesis Hide Explanation C None, because fat sources will exacerbate the hyperlipidemia D Linoleic acid because it can replace carbohydrate to decrease HDL

Correct answer: Flax seeds because they inhibit VLDL synthesis To treat hyperlipidemia, alpha-linolenic (omega-3) sources should be recommended because they can inhibit VLDL synthesis by decreasing the hepatic production of triglycerides. Examples of these omega-3 sources are walnuts, flax seeds, and canola oil. Safflower oil is the best source of linoleic acid (omega-6). When linoleic acid replaces carbohydrates in the diet, LDL decreases, and HDL increases.

what should be restricted from the diet of a person with PKU

Meats, dairy, eggs, beans, or nuts someone with PKU cannot have pizza, bday cake , bread, yogurt or cheese or ice cream; or chocolate or hot dogs or Turkey those who cannot break down PKU within is an amino acid. phenylalanine builds up in the blood and then in the brain and then causes neurological damage.

nutrients is added to enriched flour?

Nutrients added to enriched flour include thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and folic acid. Protein, potassium, and biotin may be in flour, but they are not added separately.

Demand-Oriented Pricing

Setting prices based on what the customer is willing to pay.

what survey is conducted every 10 years

THE USDA Food Consumption Survey

. Which one of the following foods would likely cause an increase in the gut level of TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide)? Red meat Tofu Bananas Beans

The blood concentration of TMAO has been shown to increase after ingestion of dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine, which are both high in beef.

competitive cost method

The competitive method sets selling prices in comparison to those of the competition.

WHY IS ZINC GOOD FOR SICKLE SELL

Zinc is beneficial for increasing oxygen attachment to blood cells.

A patient with short bowel syndrome will likely receive as initial nutrition therapy: a, parenteral nutrition b. elemental formula through an enteral feeding c, predigested nutrients through a gastrostomy tune d. lactose-free, low osmolar, jejunal feeding

a parenteral feed

A patient on parenteral support develops sepsis, What is the likely cause? a. lack of immune-enhancing nutrients b. poor care of the entry site c. related to the condition that created the need for parenteral support d. bacterial translocation

bacterial translocation

Acidic chyme in the duodenum is neutralized by pancreatic:

bicarbonate

creatine supplements may be beneficial for the body builder marathon runner soccer player hockey player

body builder

what are the two alternative names for ALT and AST

**AST = SGOT' **ALT = SGPT

what would an example of a ag-an be?

- dust, flour,

Paul is taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Which food item would you recommend that he avoid? CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM W/ SYRUP BRAN CEREAL WITH WHOLE MILK FRIED CHICKEN AND FRIES CHEESE PLATE WITH SMOKE SAUSAGE

-CHEESE PLATE A low-tyramine diet is recommended when taking certain medicines, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Tyramine is primarily found in foods that are aged, dried, cured, fermented, or smoked. When taking MAOIs, eating foods that are high in tyramine can cause side effects, including high blood pressure, headaches, fast heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and chest pain. Therefore, since a cheese plate with smoked sausage would be high in tyramine, it should be avoided. The other options are incorrect because they do not contain foods that are aged, dried, cured, fermented, or smoked.

The immune system reacts to foods that are normally harmless. This is: -Food intoxication -an inflammatory response -an Immunglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction -food intolerance

-an Immunglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction

foods from a commodity distribution are not allowed to bring foods to a Jewish facility because: -because meat can't be served with dairy products at the same meal -kosher foods are not allowed to be mixed with non kosher foods -because jewish practices are lactose ovo vegetarian

-kosher foods are not allowed to be mixed with non kosher foods

A female has a 36" waist and a 40" hip measurement, She is at risk for: nothing cancer hypertension malnutrition

1. find her waist hip ration which would be 36/40 = .9 2. know that it is recommended that women have a WHR of <.8 3. this means that this pt is at risk of getting hypertension or diabetes

FDA definition of a supplement

A dietary supplement, as defined by the FDA, must be: Intended to be a supplement to the diet Intended to be taken by mouth Contain one or more dietary ingredients (macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbs, etc.) The vitamin C cream to be applied to the skin is not intended to be taken by mouth, so it does not fit the definition of a dietary supplement.

What should the healthy weight gain range be for a 5'10" woman, pregnant with twins, who's prepregnancy weight was 149 lbs? A 25-35 lbs B 28-40 lbs C 31-50 lbs D 37-54 lbs

A healthy weight gain range is based on a woman's prepregnancy BMI and on the number of babies she is carrying. Step 1: calculate prepregnancy BMI BMI = wt (in lbs) divided by ht (in2) x 703 BMI = [149 / (70 x 70)] x 703 = (149/4900) x 703 = 21.37 (round to 21.4) Step 2: evaluate BMI BMI = 21.4 is in the "normal" weight category. Step 3: find normal BMI category reference for twin pregnancy Normal BMI and twins = gain of 37-54 lbs Twins and overweight = 31-50 lbs; singleton and normal weight = 25-35 lbs; singleton and underweight = 28-40 lbs

Which ingredient used in cola beverages has been shown to negatively affect cardiovascular function? Citric acid Sodium Caramel coloring Phosphate Solution

A high-phosphate intake has been shown to impair endothelial cell function in the vascular system. "Free" (unorganically bound) phosphate that is added to food is very efficiently absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, unlike organically bound phosphate that occurs naturally in protein-dominant foods and some grain foods.

What is the funding source for a block grant? STATE FEDERAL GRANT PROPOSAL LOCAL GOV

Block grants are funded by the federal government and provided to a state or local government with a suggestion for the general use of the money. Therefore, the funding source for a block grant is the federal government. The state or local government passes along the funds to programs they choose, but they do not provide the actual funding. A grant proposal is written to request funding; it is not a funding source.

Which of the following can help define the path to a desired outcome for a patient?

CRITICAL PATHWAY

conduction vs convection

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas.

Which of the following conditions does not have evidence for treatment effectiveness using the ketogenic diet? Brain Cancer Heart Disease Parkinsons Disease Epilepsy

Correct answer: Heart disease The ketogenic diet does not have evidence-based recommendations for use in heart disease. The ketogenic diet (low carbohydrate, moderate protein, high fat) has evidence for treatment effectiveness in epilepsy (seizures), some cancers (prostate, breast, brain, and others) and neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimers).

Which of the following is not a potential metabolic complication of both enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition? over hydration dehyration hypophosoxemia hyperphostemia

Correct answer: Overhydration Only enteral nutrition can lead to overhydration; parenteral nutrition doesn't have enough fluids to lead to overhydration. Both enteral and parenteral nutrition can lead to dehydration, hyper- and hypophosphatemia.

Which of the following is not true about Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis? Diarrhea could occur anemia could occur it always occurs in the rectum they are IBD

Correct answer: The rectum is always involved in the inflammation. In ulcerative colitis, the rectum is always involved in the inflammation, while in Crohn's disease the rectum could be involved, but it isn't in all cases. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are both inflammatory bowel diseases. They can both involve diarrhea, malnutrition, and anemia.

A bakery set its price for croissants at $4.25 because this is the amount they believe their customers are willing to pay for their croissants. Which type of pricing method is the bakery using?

Demand Oriented

which of the following would be appropriate for a hemodialysis patient on 60g protein diet with 75% from HBV protein (High Biological Protein) -1 egg, 2 ounces of chicken 3 ounces of beef - 1 egg, 2 ounces chicken 3 slices bread, 3 ounces of bread -2 eggs, 3 ounces chicken , 3 ounces beef, 1 cup milk - 1egg, 3 ounces chicken, 2 cups milk, 5 slices of bread

HBV -> animal protein 1 egg = 7 grams of protein 3 oz chicken = 21 grams of protein 2 cups milk = 16 grams of protein 5 slices of bread = 15 grams of protein 59 grams of protein total HBV protein = 44 grams --> 74.5%

Which of the following is contraindicated to provide as a supplement for someone with sickle cell disease?

IRON

A patient with liver disease needs adjustments in the intake of: a. protein, fat and sodium b. protein, fluids, sodium c protein, calories, sodium d, fluids, calories, fat

Increase protein to help with fatty liver increase in fluid to prevent dehydration

who resolves differences in bills from the House and Senate House Committee Senate Committee Committee on Resolutions Joint conference committee of the House and Senate

Joint conference committee of the House and Senate

During a food sensory evaluation, each panelist is given three cookie samples and asked to taste each sample and score it on a 1-9 scale. What type of sensory test is this? A Preference B Likeability Show Explanation C Ranking D Hedonic

LIKEABILITY

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) comprise how many carbon atoms? 6-12 2-4 18-22 22-26 Solution

MCTs comprise 6-12 carbon atoms, whereas long-chain fats contain >12 carbon atoms. MCTs are digested, absorbed, and metabolized differently than LCTs.

what causes marasmus

Marasmus is a condition primarily caused by a deficiency in calories and energy, whereas kwashiorkor indicates an associated protein deficiency, resulting in an edematous appearance.

A military base provides its service employees breakfast, lunch, and dinner at the base's cafeteria. The on-site food service is provided as a secondary activity and profit is not expected. What type of operation is the military cafeteria? ' ANon-selective BNon-commercial C: Commercial D: Limited choice

Non-commercial operations provide food service on-site as a secondary activity. Examples include the military, schools, and hospitals. Commercial operations sell food as the primary activity, and profit is desired. Examples include restaurants and sporting event arenas. Non-selective, or no choice, is a type of single-choice or cycle menu that serves people who are unable to choose or do not have a desire to choose. Limited choice is a type of menu that provides choices for only some menu item

An infant is born at 29 weeks gestation. If her actual age is now 7 months, what is her adjusted or corrected age? A 3 months B 17 weeks Hide Explanation C 11 weeks D 7 months

Normal gestation is approximately 40 weeks. Corrected, or adjusted, age corrects for the baby's prematurity and is calculated by subtracting the number of weeks premature from the chronological age. The formula is actual age - weeks premature = correct or adjusted age. In our example, 28 weeks (actual age) - 11 weeks (weeks premature) = 17 weeks (corrected age). Actual age, or the baby's chronological age, is the number of days, weeks, months, or years from their actual date of delivery, or birthday. For example, the infant's actual age is 7 months (or 28 weeks). Premature weeks is calculated by subtracting the number of weeks early from normal gestation. For example, 40 weeks normal gestation - 29 weeks early = 11 weeks premature.

Which of the following is not an example of an item that would be included in a capital budget? A Lab supplies B Nurse salaries Show Explanation C New office space D Computer upgrades

Nurse salaries would fall under the expense budget of the operating budget. The capital budget involves the financial plan for acquiring long-term assets. Items typically included in a capital budget are land, buildings (new office space), routine capital equipment (lab supplies), IT infrastructure or upgrades (computer upgrades), and recruitment of physicians.

The third step of the nutrition care process (NCP) is nutrition intervention. Sources of data and tools for nutrition intervention include the following:

Nutrition Care Manual® nutrition intervention topics AND's (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics) Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guides or other guidelines from professional organizations AND's Evidence Analysis Library and other secondary evidence sources Current research literature Results of outcome-management studies

You are looking at a sample population of 175 people and want to determine the prevalence rate of developing AIDS over a 12-year period. At the beginning of the study, you note 12 existing cases of AIDS. The first follow-up at 6 years noted 15 new cases of HIV. The second follow-up at 12 years noted 28 new cases. What is the prevalence rate?

Prevalence is the number of existing cases of a condition or disease in a given population. To measure prevalence rate, take the total number of cases (12 + 15 + 28 = 55) and divide by the sample population (175). Therefore, prevalence would be 55/175 = 0.31, or a 31% prevalence rate. where as incidence is: Incidence proportion number of new cases of disease/ population without disease at baseline

PRIME COST

Prime cost is a method of pricing based on food and labor costs

Jason is a 33-year-old male with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following lab values would you expect to be decreased? Carbon Dioxide Magnesium TG Sodium

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a condition in which the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH helps the kidneys control the amount of water your body excretes through the urine. SIADH causes the body to retain too much water. As a result, individuals with SIADH are likely to develop hyponatremia (or decreased sodium levels) in the setting of fluid retention.

A client comes to you interested in trying the Dr. Dean Ornish Program for Reversing Heart Disease. What type of dietary pattern does that diet follow, and does it fit the 2005 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids?

The Dr. Dean Ornish Program for Reversing Heart Disease is a very low fat, high carbohydrate diet. The 2005 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids gives the following acceptable ranges: Protein: 10-35% of total calorie intake Carbohydrate: 45-65% of total calorie intake Fat: 20-35% of total calorie intake The Dr. Dean Ornish Program prescribes 10% of calories from fat, which falls below the recommended range of 20-35%. Therefore, it does not fit the 2005 DRI recommendations.

CONTRIBUTION MARGIN

The contribution margin represents the number of sales that can be contributed to fixed costs and profits after variable costs have been accounted for

conventional pricing method

The conventional method bases selling prices on raw-food costs plus the markup factor.

Which of these foods contains high levels of inulin? Salmon Cheese Yogurt Onions

The correct answer is D. Onions are among the plant foods in which naturally occurring inulin, a prebiotic, is particularly rich.

Mel's Meals and Munchies is a start-up meal prep company, and they want to determine how to price their menu items. If they want to price the items based on raw food costs using a markup factor and hidden costs, which pricing method should they use? PRIME COST ' COMPETITVE COSTING METHOD COST PLUS PRICING FACTOR PRICING METHOD

The factor pricing method, also known as the traditional or markup method, uses the raw cost of food and food cost percentage to determine the selling price (markup). Hidden costs of 10% can be added to the food cost to account for unproductive costs, such as unavoidable waste in cooking, serving, and/or preparation. The prime cost method accounts for both raw food costs and direct labor costs involved in making an item. To determine the prime cost, add raw food costs and direct labor costs. The cost plus pricing method ensures a predetermined percentage of profit by establishing profit as a cost.

Tryptophan is most closely related to folic acid riboflavin protein electrolytes

The liver can also use tryptophan to produce niacin (vitamin B3), which is needed for energy metabolism and DNA production. In order for tryptophan in the diet to be changed into niacin, the body needs to have enough: Iron. Riboflavin

WHAT DISESASES ARE LOWERED BY EATING THESE FOODS A Salmon because it has omega-3 fatty acids B Tomatoes because they have lycopene Hide Explanation C Fermented dairy products because they have probiotics D Red wines because they have resveratrol

The other choices are all examples of functional foods, but they are not associated with prostate cancer risk. Fermented dairy products have probiotics that support gastrointestinal health. Red wine and grape juice have resveratrol, which reduces platelet aggregation. Salmon and other fatty fish have omega-3 fatty acids that reduce triglyceride levels.

prime cost method

The prime-cost method bases selling prices on raw-food costs plus labor costs.

Functional foods are those that provide additional benefits beyond the basic nutritional benefits. Which functional food would you recommend to a 31-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer? Functional foods are those that provide additional benefits beyond the basic nutritional benefits. Which functional food would you recommend to a 31-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer? A Salmon because it has omega-3 fatty acids B Tomatoes because they have lycopene Hide Explanation C Fermented dairy products because they have probiotics D Red wines because they have resveratrol

Tomatoes contain lycopene, which may reduce prostate cancer risk. Lycopene is a red-colored plant pigment that has antioxidant properties. Other examples of foods that contain lycopene are grapefruit, watermelon, and papaya.

Carbohydrate needs depend on:

Type of sport Gender Training environment Adequate energy for protein sparing (which is impacted by amount of training, intensity, etc.)

James is reducing the budget at his dialysis clinic. Which component of his business should he consider reducing first? A Variable costs Hide Explanation B Semi-variable costs C Sunk costs D Fixed costs Next Question

VARIABLE Variable costs, also known as direct or flexible costs, are those that proportionately vary with the level of output and changes in volume. Examples of variable costs include food, uniforms, and benefits. When reducing a budget, first look at variable costs. Fixed costs, also known as indirect costs, are those not affected by sales volume and that stay fixed within a range of sales volume. Examples of fixed costs include rent, taxes, and depreciation. Semi-variable costs include both fixed and variable components, where costs are fixed for a set level of production/consumption and become variable after this production level is exceeded. Examples include labor, maintenance, and utilities. Sunk costs are those that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered by a new decision.

Which program teaches good nutrition practices and provides foods with certain nutrients? a. EFNEP b. NET c. WIC d. MCP

WIC

a middle income female needs support for breast feeding which program will help milk bank pritikin program laleche feingold program

milk bank; providing pasteurized donor human milk to premature and NICU infants. Pritikin Program: healthy lifestyle to aid weight loss and improve heart health. The diet emphasizes eating unprocessed, low fat, and high fiber foods along with getting daily exercise\ la leche:We provide breastfeeding information and support to those who want to breastfeed their infants. feingold program eliminates artificial food colors, flavorings, sweeteners, preservatives, and some salicylates (naturally occurring compounds found in some fruits and vegetables), and is intended to reduce or eliminate ADHD symptoms in certain children.

GFR ml/minute and g protein/KG should receive how much protein

moderate disease CKD stages 1,2,3 <60 no uremic symptoms 0.8gP /kg advanced disease CKD 4,5, <25

which of the following would be classified as NI in the NCP -not ready for diet change -altered GI function -involuntary weight loss -increased energy expenditure

not ready for diet change - NB altered GI function -NC involuntary weight loss- NC increased energy expenditure - NI

An AIDS patient should select the following fresh fruit: a. grapes, orange b. orange, banana, pineapple c. apple, grapes, peach d. grapes, pear

orange banana and pineapple

WHAT IS A CRITICAL PATHWAY

outlines the actions that all members of a health care team must complete in a timely manner to achieve desired client outcomes and appropriate length of stay

a child has been identified as being a high risk for food allergies what should be withheld for the first few years -peanut-butter and milk -eggs and strawberries oats and fish citrus fruits and chocolate

peanut butter and milk

a crohns patient who was previously well nourished has a fever and ileum 7 days PO. which feeding method should you recommend -central venous hyperalimebtation -full liquids -peripheral IV infusion -half strength tube feeding

peripheral IV infusion

creating positive attitudes toward food, encouraging acceptance of healthy foods, and promoting understanding of the relationship between food and health. this type of learning is most appropriate for A Adolescents B Preschoolers C Adults DSchool-aged children

pre school

a nephrotic syndrome patient with edema has a serum albumin level that contains to fall. Recognize that: a liver dysfunction is causing decreased albumin synthesis volume overload has diluted the albumin the patient is getting sicker and eating less protein is being lost in the urine

protein is being lost in the urine

WHAT IS PROBING

questions are about more than clarifying specific details; instead, these questions dig deeper under the surface by attempting to gain more information. An effective probing question helps get a person to talk more about their personal opinions and feelings and promotes critical thinking. The questions often begin with "what" or "how."

WHAT IS CLARIFICATION

questions are simple questions of fact. These questions clarify the issue so the counselor can then ask good probing questions and provide feedback. For example, "Did I understand you when you said you are making poor menu choices when eating out?"

What is understanding?

questions attempt to "put yourself in someone else's shoes," by recreating or paraphrasing the person's message. An understanding question is one of the most effective ways to respond to clients because it usually leads to more cooperation and acceptance on the part of the client. For example, "You seem to be saying that you feel poor menu choices are leading to your weight gain...

WHAT IS EVALUATION

questions often lead to offering advice or making judgments about a person's feelings, and often do not lead to resolution. For example, "If you think you make poor choices when dining out, I suggest you not go to restaurants."

a nutritional care plan for overweight children should include

reduce rate of body weight gain while allowing growth

A CHILD was brought to the hospital with a Cerebrovascular accident (CVA): A stroke. and dyspaghfia the Dietitan should immediately: -order a nasogastric feeding -request a swallow test -order a dysphagia diet -order a cva diet and disregard the dysphagia

request a swallow test

In severe cirrhosis with ascites, diet therapy should be: a. restrict sodium b. restrict CHO and fat c. restrict protein and sodium d. restrict fat

restrict sodium

Intervention by a Dietitian conducting nutrition assessment is best determined by: a. a patient's medical history b, a patient's diagnosis c. the case mix of the patient population d, results of nutrition screening

results of nutrition screening

Milk is packaged in opaque containers to avoid UV destruction of: a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. ascorbic acid

riboflavin

enhancing their knowledge, skills, and attitudes about broad, contemporary food/nutrition topics. this type of learning is most appropriate for A Adolescents B Preschoolers C Adults DSchool-aged children

school age

enteralfeeding products that contain protein in the form of small peptides ndamino acids re recommended of patients who have

short bowel syndrome

visceral protein vs somatic

the somatic portion, represented by proteins in the skeletal muscles, and the visceral portion, represented by protein stores in the visceral organs, primarily the liver.

what happens if you have a deficiency of glucose 6 phosphate

then you would need exogenous glucose This is due to the fact that the liver is impaired and unable to break down glucose glycgenolysis and glucose genesis cannot occur a diet for someone with this disease would include glucose exogernourous in the form of raw cornstarch with a high-CHO, low-fat diet).

hispanic, asian and native Americans have the same in common

they consume little milk

in a TPN mixture what volume of Amina acid solution listed would come closest to providing 185 calories 1000ml of 8.5% AA 850ml of 5.5% AA 500ml of 7.0% AA 500 ml of 10% AA

to get the amount of calories the equation is: (ml) (%) (calories which is 4 for AA) 1000ml (.085) (4)=340 850ml(.055) (4)= 187 500ml (.07) (4) = 500ml (.10) (4) =n

a nutrition surveillance program is designed to primarily to

to identify the nutritional needs of the population

when measuring a Childs somatic protein mass in addition to the BMI use -upper arm muscle area -tricep skin fold -mid arm muscle circumference -knee to height ration

upper arm muscle area

a patient on a clear liquid diet should not be served strawberry flavored gelatin veggie stock apple juice fruit flavored popsicle

veggie stock

waist circumference for men and women

men should be less than 40 women should be less than 35

a 2 year old child withirondeficency anemia has anorexia , vom and weight loss and restlessness you should look for

pica and lead poising

a standing height should be obtained when an infant is

24 months

in the dietary guidelines what represents that fat included? 20-35% calories, <10% saturated fat 30%calories , <6% saturated fat 35% calories, <15% saturated fat 35% calories, <10% saturated fat

20-35% calories , <10% saturated fat

Which level of HgA1c suggests good compliance with dietary recommendations in a diabetic? a. 6.8 mg/dl b. 3.0 mg/dl c. 8.8 mg/dl d. 9.2 mg/dl

6.8

infuse a peripheral solution at maximum rate of how many mosm/L

800

Goals for a community nutrition program should be based on: a. the Dietary Guidelines for Americans b. the Nutrition Screening Initiative c. the Healthy People report d. the NHANES III report

A

The SOP/SOPP is utilized by RDs or RDNs to: Create patient education material Reflect the minimum competent level of practice and professional performance Write regulations when laws are passed Develop international standards and codes to protect customers

A According to AND (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics), the SOP/SOPP is utilized by RDs/RDNs to Evaluate practice and performance through self-assessment; Reflect the minimum competent level of practice and professional performance; Measure quality and performance improvement through outcome examples; Outline quality indicators for practice and performance; and Guide professional continuum growth and practice development. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is funded by FAO and WHO to develop international standards and codes to protect customers.

standards of care

A GUIDE OF CARE FOR A SPECIFIC DISEASE STATE OR MEDICAL PROBLEM. THEY HELP ENSURE QUALITY CARE, BUT DOES NOT DEFINE THE PATH OF TREATMENT

define the difference between ag -ab verses a -an Immunglobulin E (IgE) reaction

Ag - ab : when an antigen enters the body and the antibodies react, -an Immunglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction: is a reaction to normally harmless foods such as milk, wheat, eggs, soy, shellfish

Which of the following would not be a factor in your carbohydrate recommendations for an athlete? Age Gender Protien Sparring type of sport

Age

OUTCOME MEASURE

An outcome measure tracks the result of a treatment. This can include things like mortality rates, patient satisfaction scores, hospital readmission rates, etc. Surgical mortality rates indicate how many of the surgeries resulted in the death of the patient (outcome). This is a quantity measure (number), not a quality measure.

Which bill requests government funding? a. budget bill b. markup bill c. appropriations bill d. spending grant bill

Appropriation Bill Markup (or mark-up) is the process by which a U.S. congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation. appropriations bill: The president submits a budget to Congress for the federal government every fiscal year Budget Bill: The budget bill is a list of appropriations for the fiscal year, by department, fund source and type

During an interview, a client expresses that he feels like he makes poor menu choices when dining out and that's why he's gaining weight. The dietitian asks, "What do you consider a poor menu choice?" What is this type of response called? A Clarification B Probing C Evaluation D Understanding

B

The best way to counsel a patient with anorexia nervosa is to: a. recommend that the patient increase food intake and attend weekly counseling sessions b. emphasize the health benefits associated with weight gain and increased calorie intake c. maintain a no-nonsense attitude to discourage inappropriate behavior d. remain flexible to help the patient set realistic goals

B

In the SOAP note format, in which section should tolerance of the current diet be documented? A: A B: S C: O D: P

B:S

longevity is dependent upon lifestyle environment BMR Genetics

BMR Longevity depends on lifestyle, environment, genetics, and access to health care.

During food inventory, there are four #10 cans of applesauce reported. How many gallons of applesauce are there? A 52 B 13 C 3.72 D 3.25

Correct answer: 3.25 A #10 can holds 13 cups. Since there are four #10 cans reported, 4 cans x 13 cups = 52 cups. There are 16 cups in one gallon, so 52 cups / 16 cups = 3.25 gallons. There are 3.25 gallons of applesauce in four #10 cans.

Which of the following statements about sexual maturation is true? A BMI > 95th percentile has been linked with early puberty in females. Hide Explanation B BMI > 95% has been linked to late onset of puberty in both females and males. C BMI > 95th percentile has been linked with early menarche. D BMI > 95th percentile has been linked with early puberty in males.

Correct answer: BMI > 95th percentile has been linked with early puberty in females. BMI > 95th percentile has been linked with early puberty in females. Higher BMI has not been linked to earlier menarche (the onset of menstruation). BMI is not linked to the onset of puberty in males.

What types of heating are involved with boiling broccoli in water on an electric range? A Convection and conduction Hide Explanation B Vapor and conduction C Radiation and vapor D Radiation and Convection Submit Quiz

Correct answer: Convection and conduction The electric range heating the pan uses conduction to heat the pan. Then, the heat is distributed to the broccoli via warming currents of water, which is convection. Radiation is used in microwaves and broilers. Vapor is not a type of heating, it is a substance that is suspended in air.

What occurs in market segmentation? A The need that is not being filled is identified B The group of people with similar needs is identified C Customers are categorized based on characteristics Hide Explanation D Objectives are achieved to satisfy the target market

Correct answer: Customers are categorized based on characteristics Market segmentation categorizes customers based on demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioristic variables. During this process, the market is divided into groups of people with similar product needs. The target market is the group of people or places with similar needs with the potential of purchasing your product. The first step of the marketing process is identifying the market niche, or the need that is not being filled. The marketing mix includes the 4 Ps (product, place, price, promotion), which are used to achieve an organization's objective and satisfy the target market.

During chronic nutrition deprivation, what is one way the body decreases BMR to conserve protein and bodily function? A Becoming hypertensive B Becoming hyperthermic C Decreasing heart rate Show Explanation D Increasing thyroid hormone secretion

Correct answer: Decreasing heart rate During chronic nutrition deprivation, the body decreases BMR (basal metabolic rate) to conserve protein and bodily function. To decrease BMR, the body may decrease body temperature (hypothermia), blood pressure (hypotension), heart rate (bradycardia), or thyroid hormone secretion. To increase BMR, the body may increase body temperature (hyperthermia), blood pressure (hypertension), heart rate (tachycardia), physical activity, or thyroid hormone secretion.

An outpatient diabetes dietitian is providing a free diabetes clinic next month. She wants to understand the population that might attend her clinic. Which of the following would provide demographic information about her expected population? A HgbA1c number B Education level Hide Explanation C Number of diabetic complications D Amount of carbohydrates eaten per week

Demographic data is statistically socioeconomic in nature, such as age, sex, education level, income level, marital status, occupation, religion, birth rate, death rate, the average size of a family, and the average age at marriage. The other options represent information that may be obtained during a nutritional assessment with a diabetic patient. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) would assess the amount of a specific food group eaten per week. HgbA1c is a common blood test used to diagnose type 1 and type 2 diabetes and then to gauge average blood sugar levels to guide treatment changes. Diabetic complications result from long-term poorly controlled diabetes and may include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot damage, skin conditions, and poor wound healing.

The decision-making process has 7 steps. They are, in order:

Develop and analyze the problem Identify the objectives Develop many alternatives Evaluate the alternatives (Evaluate the Mushroom Broccoli Soup, Cheesy Broccoli Soup, and Vegan Bean Soup recipes) Choose the best alternative (Choose the Mushroom Broccoli Soup as the new soup) Select implementation strategies (Figure out how to fit the Mushroom Broccoli Soup into the production schedule) Monitor and evaluate the decision (Monitor and evaluate the addition of the Mushroom Broccoli Soup)

Criteria for severe malnutrition in acute illness or injury:

Energy intake less than or equal to 50% of the estimated energy needs for at least 5 days Weight loss from usual body weight>2% over 1 week>5% over 1 month>7.5% over 3 months Moderate loss of body fat Moderate loss of muscle mass Moderate to severe fluid accumulation Measurably reduced hand grip strength

SELLING PRICE IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS

FACTOR PRICING METHOD

What is a potential effect of following a high-fiber diet? decreased intestinal function increased hdl and postprandial blood glucose decreased ldl and postprandial blood glucose levels increased risk of constipation

Fiber provides indigestible bulk and promotes intestinal function. A high-fiber diet helps decrease LDL and postprandial blood glucose levels, which provides benefits for gastrointestinal health and weight control and protects against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. low fiber diet could lead to constipation

FIXED COST

Fixed costs are those that are incurred regardless of the number of sales; rent and utilities are examples of fixed costs.

a vegan with macrocytic anemia needs which of the following: iron rich foods fortified soy milk eggs wheat bread meat, green veggies

Fortified soy milk Megaloblastic anemia can be easily treated. Appropriate supplementation, increased consumption of folate-rich foods, and reduction of alcohol use can help prevent recurrence. For people following vegan diets, oral vitamin B12 supplementation is necessary.

A popular local bakery released a seasonal custard, and they have sold out of it every single day this spring. The customers claim it is the best and most tender custard they have ever had. Which of the following objective methods of rating quality would most likely reflect the quality of this seasonal custard? A: Small crystal size B :Grade AA C: Low percent sag D: High percent sag

Percent sag (% sag) is an objective measure of quality used for custards. The larger the percentage of sag, the more tender the gel. A high quality and tender custard will have a high percent sag, while an overcooked and less tender custard will have a low percent sag. Grading is used for rating egg quality and may classify eggs as AA, A, or B. Grade AA eggs are nearly perfect because the whites are thick and the yolks are free from defects. Crystal size is used for measuring candy quality. For example, in crystalline sugar candies, such as fudge, small crystal sizes are associated with creamier fudges.

How does the diet of a child with PKU differ from that of a child without PKU?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder and birth defect that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine (PHE) to build up in the body due to the missing enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This missing enzyme would have converted PHE into tyrosine (TYR) and as a result, PHE can build up in the blood, leading to poor intellectual function. The PKU diet has energy needs similar to those of a healthy child. The only diet differences include the restriction of PHE, supplementation of TYR, and avoidance of aspartame. Glycogen liver storage disease is the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate in the liver, which impairs gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, and increases the dietary needs for exogenous glucose (in the form of raw cornstarch with a high-CHO, low-fat diet).

in acute hepatitis you will likely see decrease in SGOt and increase SGPT increase in both SGOt and SGPT decrease in both SGOt and SGPT

increase in both SGOt and SGPT

which contains more dietary fiber -1/2 cup of raw spinach -1 oz Raisin Bran cereal -1 slice of whole wheat bread -2 T of peanut butter

Raisin Bran cereal

Which of these food products is made primarily from wheat? Tempeh Seitan Miso Lecithin

Seitan is a protein-rich food product that is made from wheat gluten. Tempeh and miso are made from soy. Lecithin added to US food products is typically derived from soy.

The fourth step of the NCP is nutrition monitoring and evaluation. Sources and tools for nutrition monitoring and evaluation include the following:

Self-monitoring data or data from other records, including forms, spreadsheets, and computer programs Anthropometric measurements, biochemical data, medical tests, and procedures Patient/client surveys, pretests, posttests and/or questionnaires Mail or telephone follow-up

Which of the following is not a goal of obesity treatment? A Improve health parameters B Lose 5% of weight if over 65 Hide Explanation C Stop weight gain D Lose 5 to 10% of initial weigh

Weight loss for individuals over age 65 is not recommended. It may cause harm and not provide any benefit. Obesity treatment should aim to improve health parameters, such as blood glucose, blood pressure, or cholesterol levels. A general guideline is to aim for 5 to 10% weight loss from initial weight, as this is typically enough to start to see improvement in health parameters. Even stopping weight gain can be a goal.

positive attitudes about healthy eating, demonstrating how healthy eating can help in the development of a positive body image, and encouraging them to value the importance of food and other lifestyle factors that can prevent common nutrition-related problems this type of learning is most appropriate for A Adolescents B Preschoolers C Adults DSchool-aged children .

adolescence

enhancing their knowledge and skills to improve their diet and decrease their physiological risk of developing chronic disease. this type of learning is most appropriate for A Adolescents B Preschoolers C Adults DSchool-aged children

adult

the best way to justify continuation of WIC would be to show improvement in the number of participants enrolled the infant morbidity rate maternal weight gains during pregnancy infant head circumference

infant morbidity rate

which of the following would likely be a cause of marasmus? 1. leaving a patient for two weeks on D5W 2. Chemotherapy 3. following a 2- gram protein diet for 2 months 4. antibiotic therapy

chemotherapy

a father needs help feeding his children ages 6 and 8 which are the best options -wic and tanf -head start and food stamps -food stamps and school lunch -commodity foods and wic

commodity foods: works to help those over the age of 60 supplement their diet with nutritious and delicious and nutritious USDA foods WIC: pregnant women/post party and children under the age of 5 TANF: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) is a time limited federal program designed to provide temporary cash payments to families with minor children who have little or no income.

What would a vegan not eat? a. coleslaw made with oil and vinegar b. congealed fruit salad c. salad with tofu dressing d. peanut butter

congealed fruit salad - this is a gelatin fruit salad

how much protein is in lean meat medium fat meat high fat protein vegetables fruit milk

lean meat -7 medium fat meat-7 high fat protein -7 vegetables -2 fruit -0 milk -8

what would be an expected outcome of WIC - fewer women breastfeed -fewer babies better birth contol -better educated low income women concerning nutrition - less anemia, increased HG and HT levels

less anemia , increase HG, and HT levels

WHR for men and women and if they have over the recommended amount what is an individual at a increased risk of getting

men <1.0 women <.8 hypertension or diabetes

an AIDS pt temperature has risen to 102 degrees. his BMR has increased 24% 36% 12% 5%

each degree rise BMR. increases 7% 27%

when should eggs and nuts and shellfish be introduced to infants

eggs at 24 months of age shellfish and nuts at 36 months of age

A clinical Dietitian has successfully met an indicator for 6 months. The next step should be to: a. establish a new indicator b. report the successful completion of intervention c. evaluate the need to continue monitoring the indicator d. evaluate the need to revise the standard of care

evaluate the need to continue monitoring and the indicator

what is the primary fuel for resting muscles and low intensity exercise

fatty acids

a dietary deficiency. in which of the following causes a microcytic anemia resembling pernicious anemia ' folacin pyridoxine vitamin b6 vitamin c

folacin

When given as the sole source of energy, isocaloric amounts of which energy substrate would most effectively reduce starvation ketosis?

glucose because this is the preferred source of energy

a hospitalized patient who had not eaten well for two weeks had 2.3 serum phosphorus level and a 1.3 serum magnesium level he has

hypohosphatemia and hypomagnesium normal levels Phos: 2.4-4.1 Mag 1.7 -2.2

a concern with parenteral feeding is: hypokalemia hypercalcemia hyponatremia hypernatremia

hypokalmeia