Range Safety OIC/RSO

ORM

ID Hazards, Assess Hazards, Make Risk Decisions, Implement Controls, Supervise

Ammo not fired

All ammo that is not fired during an exercise must be returned to the ammunition supply point in original packaging after the exercise

Size of dedicated impact area

usually a large piece of land that several ranges fire into.

Non-Explosive ammo misfire

when there is no immediate safety risk, follow the misfire procedures within the range SOP and the technical manuals for that weapon and ammunition.

When will SDZs be modified

when your training involves multiple targets, multiple firing points or moving targets

Prior to range going live

you will report the exact type, DODIC, and quantity of ammunition on hand to Range Control.

Secondary Communication

If primary fails a cease fire is in effect until it gets up -Range specifics are detailed in SOP -Most likely landline telephones or cell phones -Are not used for normal exercise communications

Notice to Mariners (NTM)

Issued by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and contains navigation warnings that advise mariners of waterway/sea space restrictions during range exercises.

Lateral Limit Markers

Lateral limit markers are often used in field firing ranges to denote the safe direction of fire as well as to provide a visual reference to warn of danger. Limit markers establish the left and right boundaries of fire.

At turn-in you will provide

Quantify expended Quantity turned in (serviceable) Quantify turned in (unserviceable)

Reason for Range Warnings

The correct placement of range warning signs and signals will limit the direction of firing and alert people to the risk of entering an impact area or range.

True/False: Never enter a high-hazard impact area without permission from range control

True

The cone surface danger zone consists of

a dispersion area, a ricochet area, and an area "A".

Standard SDZ for small arms

cone and bat wing

What does range control do for a range

-Captures vertical hazard limit for each weapon fired -Coordinates w/ FAA to invoke airspace restrictions for all non-participating aircraft -Captures operating airspace both lateral and vertical for all exercise aircraft operations

MCO 8011.5 provides

-Policies -Procedures -and other information for ammunition used in training

MCO P8020.10 has requirements for

-Transportation -Storage and handling -Security and accountability -Malfunction reporting

Installation Commander will coordinate w US Army Corps of Engineers and US Coast Guard to ensure proper notification of:

-waterways involved -operations to be conducted -Sector of waterway that must be restricted

Emergency Procedures Summary

1. Call a cease-fire! 2. Provide first aid and contact range control. 3. Maintain contact with range control.

Implement Controls

Administrative, Engineering, PPE

After Use of temporary impact area

After an exercise, the temporary impact area should be capable of being cleared and returned to the original state.

Primary Communication

Almost always a radio -Primary freq will be designated by range control -Backup freq is normally designated by range control in case the first frequency fails

NAVMC 10155

Ammo Malfunction Data Collection Card provides a list of essential data elements

Dedicated impact areas

An impact area is a designated area within the limits of a range.

Make Risk Decision

As the OIC, you will develop control measures to reduce risks for each hazard. Develop control measures starting with those with the lowest RAC or highest

Ordnance fired into high-hazard impact areas

Cluster bombs, artillery rounds, mortar rounds, high-explosive grenades, missiles

Chapter 7 MCO P4400.150

Consumer-Level Supply Policy Manual establishes policies to account for ammunition received, expended, and returned

Impact Media effects

Differences in composition between impact media result in different deflection characteristics.

Discarding of Ammo

Do not indiscriminately discard ammo to avoid returning unfired ammo to the proper storage function

Use of damaged ammo

Do not use any ammo with visible defects or damage

MCO P8020.10

Establishes regulations for ammunition handling, accountability, and reporting

Assess Hazards

For each hazard identified, you must determine the associated degree of risk in terms of severity and probability. Once probability and severity are established, hazards must also be categorized. The risk assessment categories are described in in MCO 3500.27. Use the Risk Assessment Matrix to determine the Risk Assessment Code (RAC). The RAC represents the overall risk of a hazard. You will determine the RAC for each hazard by using each hazard's severity and probability category.

ID Hazards

Hazards during a range exercise can result from the weather conditions, terrain, types of weaponry, and ammunition used. The possible risks associated with hazards can range from low risk that personnel will injure themselves to high risk that personnel may lose their lives. Hazards can also be a threat to property and command interests.

What should you do if an aircraft/boat/ship enters your airspace during a live fire exercise

Immediate cease fire and control range control

Implement Controls

Implementing controls effectively requires clear communication, accountable personnel, and sufficient resources to implement the controls. As you take action to implement controls, consider the three types of controls.

Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)

Issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), informs pilots and air traffic controllers about range activities that require civilian aircraft to avoid range and airspace.

Range Control __________________ and ______________________ airspace during live fire exercises

Manages and deconflicts

Receipt of ammunition

NAVMC 11381 must reflect -DODIC -Nomenclature -Lot/Serial Number -Quantity Received

Live & Blank Ammo

Never stored in or issued from the same place at the same time

MCO 8025.1

OIC must report -Unit firing ammo -Type of ammo that malfunctioned -Weapons used to fire the ammo -Description of the malfunction -Prevailing conditions at the time of the malfunction -Storage conditions -Remarks or any other important info concerning the incident

Who needs comms

OIC/RSO, gate tower guards

UXO and Misfire Procedures

Order a cease fire and contact range control anytime someone experiences an ammo malfunction that presents a safety risk -Range control will provide you with direction to either continue the exercise or halt the exercise until the problem with the ammo can be resolved

Red Flashing Lights

Red flashing lights are used for night firing exercises or anytime when an exercise takes place in reduced visibility conditions. Red flashing lights are often placed in the same general proximity of red streamers, e.g., gates, poles, and towers.

NAVMC 11381 Expenditure Report

Requisitioning Custody Tracking Expenditure Reporting

OIC

Responsible and accountable for conduct of the exercise and ensuring participants follow safety regulations

RCO

Responsible for all range safety matters and provides coordination of ranges in the installation complex

LRSO

Responsible for laser range safety for exercises involving lasers

RSO

Responsible for range safety for the exercise

SDZ with exploding projectiles

SDZs are increased to account for fragments and debris from explosions.

SOUM

Safety Of Use Memorandums (SOUM) are how the Range and Training Area Management (RTAM) Branch provides range safety information and guidance to the Marine Corps Total Force. This guidance is directive until the SOUM is cancelled, changed or written into the Range Safety Order.

NAVMC 10155 Elements

What happened Date/time and weather considerations Ammo Specifics Ammo condition Weapon specifics

DPAM ammo properties

Table 4-1 - 4-23 for ammo and properties of X, Y, etc

Range Warnings SOP

The SOP will explain: • What signals are used for a specific range • Where to place the signals

USMC Range Safety Pocket Guide

The USMC Range Safety Pocket Guide summarizes the policies and procedures needed to conduct a live-fire event. This document contains information on surface danger zones (SDZ) setup for weapon systems. The Pocket Guide also provides the OIC and RSO with a checklist that will assist them with their most common tasks

Ricochet Area

The area that contains projectiles after making initial contact with the target medium. The Ricochet Area for the cone SDZ is defined as an additional 5 degrees off the dispersion area line on the left and right sides.

Impact Media

The areas around, behind, and the actual target where a projectile may impact

Land

The land area of a range for live-fire and maneuver includes start and cease-fire lines, target areas, and impact areas.

Enviromental Impact & OIC responsibilities

The officer in charge and the range safety officer are responsible for both protecting personnel from harm due to weather and ensuring the integrity of the safety controls. Additionally, they are also responsible for limiting the impact of personnel and equipment on the environment

Impact Area

The purpose of an impact area is to contain all hazards associated with the ordnance being fired

Environmental OIC/RSO must account for

The range SOP will explain the environmental issues that may impact your training exercise. The OIC and RSO must account for: • Weather such as lightning, precipitation, and winds • Fire conditions and the fire threat level • Environmental surroundings and endangered species

Waterways

The range boundaries may include navigable inland waterways such as rivers or lakes. Sea space is the operating area necessary to contain live-fire and support ship to shore training.

Red Artillery Streamer

The red artillery streamer is much larger than the red streamer and is used for large exercises because it can be seen from farther distances. Red artillery streamers should be hung in prominent positions to warn people that they are entering a range area where a live-fire exercise is being conducted. Certain ranges require hanging a red artillery streamer. Be sure to read the SOP for your range to find if and where the artillery streamer is to be hung for the exercise you are conducting

Red Streamer

The red streamer (also called the red signal streamer) is used to warn people that they are entering a range area where a live-fire exercise is being conducted. The red streamer needs to be placed at range gates and other entrances. Red streamers can also be used on towers, flag poles, and other locations depending on the SOP for a particular range.

High-hazard impact

areas that are permanently designed to contain sensitive ammunition and explosives

How are SDZs created

created from the "ballistic footprint" of a weapon system. Each weapon system's ballistic footprint is the firing pattern created when a weapon is tested, firing a certain ammunition at certain target media. The characteristics of the firing pattern are measured to create an SDZ.

Angle Q

defines the area beginning at distance Y, located to the left and right of the dispersion area, which contains projectiles after making initial contact with the target medium.

Angle P

defines the area beginning at the firing point, located to the left and right of the dispersion area, which contains projectiles after making initial contact with the target medium.

When should the batwing SDZ be used

designing or conducting training that involves fire and movement, fire and maneuver, flanking fire, or when ricochet hazards outside the range complex boundary may endanger nonparticipating personnel.

SOP

each range or range complex will have its own standard operating procedure (SOP). The SOP for an installation will have installation -specific instructions for range safety. You must read the most current Sop for the range that you will be using.

AR385-63/MCO 3570.1

establishes ranges safety policies and responsibilities for firing ammunition, lasers, guided, missiles, and rockets on Marine Corps and Army ranges.

Access Restricted

fences, barricades, signs, guards or a combination of these types of positive controls are used to protect unauthorized personnel

Dedicated Impact area can contain what other impact area

high-hazard

laser surface danger zone (LSDZ)

is a specific type of danger zone when lasers are in use.

The Dispersion Area

is the area that contains projectiles after making initial contact with the target medium. This is the area within the surface danger zone located between the gun target line (GTL) and the ricochet area. This area accounts for human error, gun or cannon tube wear, propellant temperature, etc.

The Ricochet Area

is the area to the left and right of the dispersion area that contains projectiles after making initial contact with the target medium

surface danger zone (SDZ)

is the danger zone area for munitions fired from the ground.

weapon danger zone (WDZ)

is the danger zone for air-delivered munitions

Distance X

is the maximum distance a projectile (including guided missiles and rockets) will travel when fired or launched at a given elevation with a given charge or propulsion system.

Distance Y

is the maximum distance downrange at which lateral ricochet is expected to occur when a projectile is fired at a given quadrant elevation.

Distance W

is the maximum lateral distance a projectile will ricochet after impacting within the dispersion area. Distance W defines the maximum lateral edge of the ricochet area.

Area A

is the secondary danger area, or buffer zone, that laterally parallels the impact area or ricochet area depending on the weapon system. Area A contains fragments, debris, and components from frangible or explosive projectiles and warheads functioning on the right or left edge of the impact area or ricochet area. For non-explosive projectiles Area A is a standard 100m in width. For explosive projectiles, the width varies by weapon and munition.

Ammunition not expended

is turned over to the ammunition technician for return to the Ammunition Supply Point (ASP).

Cone SDZ

is typically used when conducting training that does not involve fire and movement or fire and maneuver.

Local SOP's & airspace requirements

may require the RSO to identify personnel as air sentinels

Dedicated Impact Areas are associated with:

non-sensitive ammunition and explosives.

Temporary Impact Area

normally for small arms or non-dud producing ammunition. This type of impact exists only for the length of an exercise.

design of the DZ is intended to

prevent injury to personnel or damage to property by identifying hazardous boundaries of ricochets and fragmentation associated with live fire training.

MCO 8011.5

provides additional safety program requiremetns for Class V(W) training ammunition.

batwing SDZ

provides greater containment of ricochets

DA Pam 385-63

provides implementation guidance for the Marine Corps Range Safety Program.

Airspace

refers to any one of several types of controlled and uncontrolled airspace required to support range operations. Airspace over a range may include restricted areas, warning areas, military operations, and air traffic controlled assigned airspace.

Cone SDZ will contain

rounds, ricochets, fragments, and debris.

MEDEVAC Proceudures

the OIC will inform range control of the: • Type of MEDEVAC to request (air or ground) • Number of patients and type of injury • Location of the patients • Possible hazards to aircraft or medical vehicles at the site • Methods of marking the site if needed for pickup • Source of injuries • Patient's age, sex, blood type, name, grade, and SSN

When the range goes cold

the OIC will report to Range Control the type and quantity of ammunition expended and quantity being turned in.

What is a dedicated impact area reserved for

the impact and fragmentation of launched or fired ammunition and explosives

Why are high-hazard impact areas dangerous

they contain high explosives and sensitive unexploded ordinance

purpose of a danger zone

to designate areas that protect personnel and property from dangers during training and, to the extent practicable, during combat

Supervise Duties

•Monitoring the exercise for new hazards •Assigning observers to enforce established procedures and follow through with selected controls •Adjusting controls which are ineffective •Determining which controls were effective and ensuring they are implemented for future exercises