RBT EXAM STUDY

Supervisor must provide feedback to their direct reports every

2 weeks

How many times a behavior occurs

Frequency

When a child watches what an instructor does and should copy them. EX: SD > "Do this" (claps hands) > child should clap hands

Imitation

What are these examples of? 1.Find the cat. 2. Give me the spoon. 3. Point to the Ipad.

Listener responding (LR)

(MO) is what momentarily alters the value of reinforcement. EX: Hunger, sleep, being full

Motivating Operant

Adding a stimulus which increases the future likelihood of behavior. A: Positive reinforcement B: Positive punishment C: Negative reinforcement D: Negative punishment

A

Escape, attention, tangible, sensory A: Functions of behavior B: Teaching strategies C: Types of prompts D: Dimensions of ABA

A

Example, "do this." A: SD B: DRA C: Sdelta D: SR+

A

On a behavior graph, the X-Axis is for: A: Frequency B: The Date

A

Reinforcement provided every 10 minutes that behavior occurs. A: FI-10 B: FR-10 C: VI-10 D: VR-10

A

Reinforcement provided on the average of every 5 correct responses A: VR-5 B: VI-5 C: FR-5 D: FI-5

A

Signals that reinforcement is available. A: SD B: Sdelta C: SR- D: VR-3

A

Teaching a task analysis by teaching the first step first. A: Forward chaining B: Prompting C: Backwards chaining D: Fading

A

Teaching the entire task analysis at once A: Total task presentation B: Single task presentation C: Discriminative stimulus D: Forward chaining

A

Verbal Operant. Reading what is wrote EX: "read 1 page of the book". "What does this say?" A: textual B: transcriptions

A

Verbal behavior of requesting A: Mand B: Tact C: Echoic D: Intraverbal

A

What item(s) child chooses to play with in a 10minute time period. A: (FOO) Free Operant Observation B: (SSPA) Single Stimulus Preference Assessment C: (PSPA) Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment D: (MSWR) Multiple Stimulus With Replacement E: (MSWOR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

A

Which of the following examples below is an example of a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement? A: Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull... sometimes on the 45th... but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can't wait to hit the jackpot someday! A: Every time Billy screams, his mother punishes him by taking away his toys for the night C: Tim gives his students a treat from the candy jar every time they get a 100% on their tests D: Individuals who pass the RBT exam are given a $50 bonus on their next pay check at ACME ABA company.

A

You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring? A: Latency B: Duration C: Frequency D: Inter-response time

A

(-) removing a stimulus to DECREASE a behavior (EX: REMOVE attention when client is crying = client's crying to gain attention will decrease / fade out) A: Negative Punishment B: Positive Punishment

A: Negative Punishment

(-) removal of something to INCREASE that behavior. (EX: remove attention when client cries) A: Negative Reinforcement B: Positive Reinforcement C: Automatic Reinforcement

A: Negative reinforcement

Therapist records only if at ANY given time the behavior occurs A: Partial Interval B: Momentary C: Whole Interval

A: partial interval

A client gives you a bottle opener from their birthday party. What does the ethical code say you should do? Refuse the gift and send a letter home that forbids future gifting. A: Accept and use in front of them to make them feel good. B: Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship. C: Throw it away immediately.

B

A single item is presented to child, the therapist marks the child's reaction (acceptance, engagement, rejection). A: (FOO) Free Operant Observation B: (SSPA) Single Stimulus Preference Assessment C: (PSPA) Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment D: (MSWR) Multiple Stimulus With Replacement E: (MSWOR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

B

Examples are food, water, sex, sleep. A: Secondary reinforcement B: Primary reinforcement C: SD D: Consequence of behavior

B

Examples are money and tokens. A: Primary reinforcement B: Secondary reinforcement C: Economic reinforcement D: Fiscal considerations

B

FBA A: free behavior assessment B: functional behavior assessment C: function of behavior analysis D: Freudian behavior assessment

B

If you watched Jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for ANY part of the 5 minute period, you would be using... A: Whole Interval Recording B: Partial Interval Recording C: Momentary

B

On a behavior graph, the Y-Axis is for: A: Frequency B: The Date

B

Present 5 easy/ mastered tasks in quick succession immediately before presenting an acquisition target. A: Behavior modification B: Behavior momentum C: Behavior inertia D: Functional community training.

B

Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior. A: Chaining B: Shaping C: Prompting D: Reinforcing

B

Reinforcing progressively lower response rates. A: Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior B: Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior C: Differential reinforcement of other behavior D: Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

B

Removing something that increases the future likelihood of behavior is called... A: Negative punishment B: Negative reinforcement C: Positive punishment D: Positive reinforcement

B

Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board, and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she's about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities. What do you think the most likely function of Jim's behavior is? A: Sensory Overload B: Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement) C: Access to Tangibles, such as preferred Items & activities (Socially Mediated Positive Reinforcement) D: Escape from a painful stimulus, such as a headache! (Automatically Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

B

Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below: A: A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall INCREASE in that behavior over time. B: Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule. C: A stimulus that signals the availability of a reinforcer. D: A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall DECREASE in that behavior over time.

B

What are the four functions of behavior? A: Toys, Edibles, Praise, and Aversion B: Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles C: Sensory Overload, Non-Compliance, Aggression, and Compliance D: Automatic Sensory, Automatic Positive, and Social Negative

B

What occurs when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is no longer provided, resulting in the decrease of frequency of the behavior in the future? A: Endangerment B: Extinction C: Pivotal Response Training D: Negative reinforcement

B

Which of the following is part of the RBT ethical code? A: Be compassionate for the less fortunate B: Be truthful and honest C: Resolve all issues formally D: If there is an issue, file a formal complaint immediately

B

Withholding reinforcement for a target response A: Variable reinforcement B: Extinction C: Punishment D: Reinforcement schedule

B

Writing the answer. EX: "write your name." "Write the word cat" A: textual B: transcriptions

B

You provide reinforcement to your client for clapping, and ignore him when he hits. A: Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior B: Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior C: Differential reinforcement for lower rates of behavior D: Differential reinforcement of other behavior

B

(+) adding a stimulus to DECREASE a behavior. (EX: fall down -> ADD ice to DECREASE the pain) A: Negative Punishment B: Positive Punishment

B: Positive Punishment

(+) adding something to INCREASE that behavior. (EX: "good job sitting" - verbal praise) candy - edible praise toy A: Negative Reinforcement B: Positive Reinforcement C: Automatic Reinforcement

B: Positive reinforcement

Therapist records if the behavior happens during the ENTIRE interval A: Partial Interval B: Whole Interval C: Momentary

B: whole interval

The first step in creating a Behavioral Treatment Plan is.. Define the ________________ & Select a ________________________ technique

Behavior & Measurement

A child is taught to raise their hand as an alternative to yelling out in class. Which type of differential reinforcement does this example represent? A: Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors B: Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior C: Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors D: Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

C

Determined by ABC Data A: Prompt level B: Duration C: Function D: Inter-response time

C

Extremely bright lights, freezing temperature, electric shock are all examples of which punisher? A: Conditioned B: Unknown C: Unconditioned D: Secondary

C

For a child who is always picked up when they cry, not picking them up in the future would be an example of...? A: Escape B: Elopement C: Extinction D: Negative reinforcement

C

Phase change line demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph and is represented by a... A: Broken Horizontal Line B: Solid Horizontal Line C: Solid Vertical Line D: Broken Vertical Line

C

Record a + if behavior occurred at any point during the interval. A: Momentary Time Sampling B: Duration per Occurrence C: Partial Interval Recording D: Partial Interview Recording

C

Records which of 2 stimuli are chosen. Each stimuli is matched randomly with all other stimuli in the set - may take longer time. A: (FOO) Free Operant Observation B: (SSPA) Single Stimulus Preference Assessment C: (PSPA) Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment D: (MSWR) Multiple Stimulus With Replacement E: (MSWOR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

C

Reinforcement is delivered on the average of every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur. A: FI-2 B: FR-2 C: VI-2 D: VR-2

C

Start with least intrusive prompt. A: Forward chaining B: Backwards chaining C: Least to most prompting D: Most to least prompting

C

Start with most intrusive prompt. A: Forward chaining B: Backwards chaining C: Most to least prompting D: Least to most prompting

C

Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible. What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift! A: Tilda should not record any data for that session - that would be unethical. No further action (such as contacting her supervisor) is necessary - if a supervisor sees no data collected, they automatically know that coffee was spilled on the paper data sheet due to their experience with coffee and paper in the past. B: Tilda should try her best to estimate the client's performance on each skill target. After all, it wasn't that long ago - she can probably remember everything alright. C: Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future - perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems. D: Tilda should submit the coffee-stained paper data sheet to her supervisor during the next supervision session and resign.

C

Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons.Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe? A: Applied B: Behavioral C: Technological D: Conceptually Systematic

C

What is a multiple relationship? A: Working with two clients at the same time B: Working with two different clients C: Having two different relationships with one client D: Working with a client in the community and clinic settings

C

When the learner is on a roll with responding, reinforcement should be.. A: Taken away completely B: Decreased C: Continued at current levels / increase

C

Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence? A: Abolishing Operation B: Establishing Operation C: Motivating Operation D: SD

C

Which of the following is true about cumulative records? A: Trends in a cumulative record can include a positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) slope B: A combination of all frequency scores into a single "master score index" used in statistical analysis to compare frequency charts for different types of radical behaviors C: Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior D: Data is recorded once per session; downward slopes indicate a decreasing trend

C

You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring? A: Frequency B: Duration C: Latency D: Inter-response time

C

Something you can physically do, and can come back to see (Ex: writing name, bruises, scratch marks, block tower)

Permanent Product

A stimulus in the presence of which a partial response will be reinforced. (EX: a cue is given -> the child responds -> a reward is given for the correct response.)

SD

Teaching bob to discriminate between boys and girls is called..

Stimulus fading

The 3 Non-Verbal Operants are... (TIR)

Textual, imitation, receptive (LR)

Writing an essay could be used for Outcome Recording because..

There is an observable product

A neutral stimulus can become conditioned by pairing this stimulus with an unconditioned or previously conditioned stimulus. True or false? True False

True

An operational definition is used for a behavior so that

Two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurrences of the behavior.

A fixed schedule of reinforcement. EX: if a child has a VI of 3, you always reinforce right after 3.

Variable interval

If a Behavior Analyst measured the length of time that it took Andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the..

latency

How long a behavior lasts

Duration

Multiple items are presented to the child simultaneously. Once an item has been picked, positional effects are controlled by moving an item from the far left to the far right. A: (FOO) Free Operant Observation B: (SSPA) Single Stimulus Preference Assessment C: (PSPA) Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment D: (MSWR) Multiple Stimulus With Replacement E: (MSWOR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

E

ECTOR means...

Error Correction Trial Other Reset

A procedure used to INCREASE motivation in learning by preventing mistakes and creating more opportunities for reinforcement. *NOT letting a child make a mistake

Error correction

An instructional procedure that arranges SD's in order to ONLY get correct responses. (Most to least prompt)

Errorless teaching

This is an example of.... 1. Teacher instruction (SD) Teacher places one Red and one Blue card on the table.. asks child to point to the Blue card 2. Child response to the SD Child points to the Blue card 3. The consequence Teachers reaction to correct answer

DTT

What is this an example of.. Step 1. Turn on water Step 2. Put toothpaste on toothbrush Step 3. Wet toothbrush

Task analysis

What type of reinforcement is something that is NOT socially mediated?

Automatic reinforcement

Reinforcement that occurs WITHOUT the presentation of consequences by others. (EX: self stim > biting nails, playing with hair, waving arms while jumping). A: Negative Reinforcement B: Positive Reinforcement C: Automatic Reinforcement

C: Automatic reinforcement

Behaviors are recorded if the behavior occurs at ANY SPECIFIC TIME during the interval A: Whole Interval B: Partial Interval C: Momentary

C: momentary

Once pairing has taken place, the teacher can become a ___________reinforcer.

Conditioned

A little boy is playing with his toys in his room. Holding one of his stuffed animal dolls, he looks at it and says "Zebra!" Which elementary verbal operant does this scenario most likely describe? A: Intraverbal B: Echoic C: Autoclitic D: Tact

D

Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as... A: Reflex Reaction B: Operant Conditioning C: Learning D: Pavolovian Conditioning

D

How long the behavior occurs refers to what measurement dimension? A: Tally/ Count B: Momentary time sampling C: Latency D: Duration

D

John is recording data on aggression by counting the number of scratches left on his body after a session. What kind of measurement is this? A: Duration B: Time sampling C: Continuous measurement D: Permanent product

D

Multiple items are presented to the child SIMULTANEOUSLY. Once an item been selected, it's replaced prior to the next trial so that ALL items are presented in EACH trial. A: (FOO) Free Operant Observation B: (SSPA) Single Stimulus Preference Assessment C: (PSPA) Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment D: (MSWR) Multiple Stimulus With Replacement E: (MSWOR) Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

D

Reinforcement provided every 2 minutes in which behavior occurred. A: VI-2 B: VR-2 C: FR-2 D: FI-2

D

Reinforcing progressively increasing rates of behavior. A: Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior B: Differential reinforcement of other behavior C: Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior D: Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

D

Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior. A: Positive reinforcement B: Positive punishment C: Negative reinforcement D: Negative punishment

D

The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps. A: Discrete trial B: Forward chaining C: Stimulus control D: Task analysis

D

Time between two successive responses. A: Frequency B: Duration C: Intensity D: Inter-response time

D

Verbal behavior with point-to-point correspondence. A: Mand B: Tact C: Intraverbal D: Echoic

D

When attempting to assess the function of a client's behavior, what is often considered the "gold standard" for experimentally identifying function? A: Ask yourself, "What are the A-B-C's for this behavior?" Sketch it out, and write a functional response definition for the behavior and proceed with treatment. Trust your intuition! B: Watch the behavior of interest occur in the natural environment; that should be sufficient. C: Free operant or multiple stimulus assessment D: Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function

D

You are asked to collect data on aggression. Every time your learner agresses, you click the tally counter. What are you measuring? A: Duration B: Duration per occurrence C: Latency D: Frequency

D

These are the three steps of what procedure? 1. Teach in isolation 2. Add distractors 3. Mix in mastered items

Discrimination

When a behavior continues to occur over different people, settings, and stimuli

Generalization

Conducting _____________ ____________ helps identify potential reinforcers.

Preference Assesments

Transfer Trial: Teacher presents the SD with an echo if prompt. The student responds correctly so next the teacher will....

Present the SD and fade the echoing prompt

Something additionally used that increases the likelihood of a correct response. EX: "What is your name? Therapist prompts child by stating "Becca".

Prompt

Reinforcing APPROXIMATION of the target behavior

Shaping

Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.

Shaping

In Discrete Trial Cycle, the prompt should occur..

Simultaneously within the instruction

Transfer the control of them mand to the motivation operation alone by..

Systematically fading prompts

When a child labels an object (they have to physically see it) EX: "look a plane" "Blocks" "Tree"

Tact

TA stands for

Task Analysis