RBT - Generalization and Maintenance

Testing for generalization is important because it:

Allows us to know when generalization has occurred

Generalization probes are conducted using the same strategies and reinforcement that are used during a teaching session.

False

When testing for generalization you should reinforce the response:

False

When using the generalization strategies of teaching multiple stimulus or multiple response examples, there is a set number of stimuli or responses that should be taught in order for generalization to occur.

False

Which best describes the strategy of programming common stimuli?

Identifying salient features in the environment where the target response should occur and bringing those into the teaching environment.

A student is taught to count by 5s up to 100. Without teaching, the student then demonstrates the skill of counting by 10s to 100. What type of generalization is this an example of?

Response generalization

Which is an example of a response that serves the same function as giving a high-five and that could be taught when using the generalization strategy of teaching multiple responses.

Say, "We did it!"

One way to mediate generalization is to...

Teach the learner self-monitoring skills

Maria is an RBT who is teaching her client, Becky, to start conversations with her friends at school. Maria teaches Becky to do this during recess but soon Maria begins to notice that Becky is starting conversations with her friends at inappropriate times, such as in class when the teacher is talking. Maria gives Becky a written list of school situations during which she should start conversations with her friends, and another list of school situations during which she should not start conversations with her friends. This strategy is called...

Teaching "don't do it" examples

For which of the following skills is response maintenance important?

Washing dishes Writing one's own name Riding a bike

The strategy of teaching "Don't do it" examples involves...

Teaching situations in which the target behavior should and should not occur.

Maintenance probes are conducted under baseline conditions, meaning that _____.

no additional prompts are used and only the natural level of reinforcement is provided.

When are maintenance probes conducted?

At predetermined intervals after teaching is complete

Why would it be important to ensure maintenance of a skill?

Because some skills are essential across the lifespan

Generalization probes should be conducted at what point during the teaching process?

Before teaching begins Throughout teaching Once teaching is complete

Will is a RBT who has taught his student, James, to spell his name. Will conducts a maintenance probe one week later, but James is no longer able to spell his name. What should Will's next step be?

Begin to teach the skill of spelling his name again

Jane is an RBT and is teaching her client to read the word DOG. If Jane wants to use the strategy of teaching multiple stimulus examples, she should use which of the following materials during her teaching sessions?

Cards with the word DOG written in a variety of fonts Cards with the word DOG written in a variety of sizes Cards with the word DOG written in capital letters and lower case letters

What two strategies can help to promote response maintenance?

Ensuring all prompts have been faded and the response is emitted in the presence of the natural antecedent stimulus Fading reinforcement to naturally occurring levels

Bobby is an RBT and is teaching his student to complete a ten-question worksheet. Bobby begins by providing reinforcement after every question that the student completes. After a few days of teaching, he begins to provide reinforcement after every two questions the student completes, then after every four questions, and then only after the student completes the entire worksheet. This is an example of what generalization strategy?

Fading reinforcement

Which strategy helps to ensure that a target response continues when natural reinforcement levels are in place?

Fading reinforcement

All skills should be maintained for six months.

False

Which of the following is not a guideline for prompting generalization and maintenance?

If a skill is not maintained, it's probably not a skill the client should learn

For which one of the following skills might you use the strategy of programming common stimuli in order to promote generalization?

Janitorial skills for employment

A student is learning to raise his hand to ask questions in his inclusion classroom. His therapist first teaches him this skill during their private sessions by using an index card that says, "Raise your hand if you have a question." After teaching is complete, this same card is placed on the student's desk to remind him to raise his hand. This is an example of which generalization strategy?

Mediating reinforcement with instructional material

How often are maintenance probes conducted?

On predetermined schedule after teaching is complete

Which of the following is an example of response maintenance?

One month after having learned the skill of tying shoes, Billy is able to tie his shoes everyday as he gets ready for school.

Billy is a 5 year old boy with autism spectrum disorder. Billy was recently taught the name of his classroom teacher, Ms. Hannah, who has long brown hair. Now Billy calls all women with long brown hair "Ms. Hannah." This is an example of...

Overgeneralization.

When using the generalization strategy of teaching multiple stimulus examples, untrained stimulus examples should be tested at what point?

Periodically throughout the teaching process

There are some skills where response variation is necessary and some skills where response variation is problematic. For which of the following skills would response variation not be desirable?

Spelling your own name

You have taught a student to wash his hands in the school bathroom. Without direct teaching, the student demonstrates the skill of hand washing in the school kitchen, at home, and at his afterschool program. This is an example of which type of generalization?

Stimulus/setting generalization

A client is learning to tie his shoes. Each time he practices this skill, the teacher changes some non-critical aspect of the environment - such as the chair the client is sitting on or how loud it is in the room. This is an example of what generalization strategy?

Teaching loosely

Which of the following describes response generalization?

The extent to which untrained responses are demonstrated that serve the same function as the originally trained response.

One way to promote response variation is to set up the teaching environment so the learner has to complete the target response in a different way than it was originally taught.

True

Teaching loosely promotes generalization by bringing the student's attention to the important aspects of the environment that should cue the target response and by increasing flexibility when non-critical aspects of the environment change.

True

The strategies used to promote generalization will also make skill maintenance more likely to occur.

True

Which of the following best describes overgeneralization?

When a response generalizes to too many settings and or stimuli

Which of the following is NOT a reason why generalization of skills is important?

When generalization occurs it shows that you are a good teacher