READING AND WRITING 1

Network Tree

used to represent hierarchy, classification, and branching it is useful in showing relationships of scientific categories, family trees and even lineages

Persuasion Map

-Is used to map out arguments and evidence that prove a viewpoint. -Especially useful when processing persuasive or argumentative text.

Timeline

-Is used to show how events occurred chronologically through a long bar labeled with dates and specific events. - it could be linear and comparative.

Plot Diagram

-It is a tool used to map events in a story. - Includes: EXPOSITION, INCITING MOMENT, RISING ACTION, CLIMAX, FALLING ACTION, AND RESOLUTION.

Brainstorming

-It is the most popular tool in generating rich and creative ideas -Helps people establish patterns of ideas, develop new ways of thinking, activate background knowledge and overcome mental block.

How to make an idea map

-Put big idea or question at the center, -Then add the related idea by writing it down in the circle near the big idea, and drawing a line between the two to show how the ideas are connected, -Continue the process until you have generated enough concepts.

"Individual brainstorming produces more ideas."

-Yes -But Group Brainstorming might be better option in solving more complicated problems because it produces ideas that are WIDER IN RANGE and GREATER IN DEPTH.

Cycle

-describes how series of events interact to produce a results repeatedly.

Problem-solution map

-displays nature of the problem and how it can be solved. - It contains the problem's description, its causes and effects, and logical solutions

How to make an idea list?

-in favor for textual people than visual people, -requires you to write the main topic and write down all related concepts below it

Fishbone Map

-is used to better understand the causal relationship of a complex phenomenon. -it shows the factors that cause a specific event or problem, a well as details and cause.

Idea List

-it simply involves listing ideas about a particular topic, -it also helps in finding the main ideas from the numerous details

Idea Map

-more structured; -able to show how one ideas subordinates another idea

Series of events chain

used to show the logical sequence of events

Skimming

Get an overview of the paragraph and state its main idea.

Browsing

involves the reading of table of contents

Ineffective Reading

Adding comments on a paraphrased or summarized text Making inferences based on own assumptions Changing all the words in a paraphrased text Comparing the paraphrased and summarized text to the original text Stopping and looking back at the previously read lines during scanning and skimming Focusing on all parts of the paragraph during skimming

Done before reading

Checking the table of contents Checking the length of the article Getting the main idea of the article Predicting the theme of the article

Ineffective selecting and organizing info

Assign a facilitator during brainstorming. Subordinate an idea to an equally relevant idea in an outline. Use a different word structure in all items under one cluster.

Effective Reading

Citing paraphrased text Preserving the tone of the original text during paraphrasing Using transitional devices as a clue when locating the main idea Identifying the subject when locating the main idea

Things to remember during brainstorming

Define the problem or issues that needs to be solved. If you are going to brainstorm on your own make sure to choose a comfortable place and minimize distraction. Try using images to stimulate your mind. For group brainstorming, make sure to create a fun atmosphere all throughout the activity. Use warm-ups and ice breakers if necessary. Have a facilitator to lead the discussion but every members should contribute, X criticize (no) / free and open environment (yes) Try to vary your stand points. Have a short breaks during long sessions and make sure to evaluate the ideas after brainstorming.

During Reading

Getting the meanings of difficult words through context clues Marking the text for possible contradictions

Venn Diagram

Is used to compare and contrast ideas and events. It uses two overlapping circles to show similar and different attributes

summarizing

It is a reading skill that involves condensing a lengthy text into a shorter passage 15-30% summarizing

Effective selecting and organizing info

It is good to criticize during the first few stages of brainstorming. A text about branches of medicine can use any type of graphic organizer. Minor details should be incorporated in graphic organizers. Have breaks during brainstorming sessions. Be consistent with the numbering format in an outline Use series of events chain for any sequential texts. Use visuals during brainstorming sessions.

After Reading

Predicting the possible ending of the article Preparing a fishbone map Summarizing the text Writing a reading log

Problem AND Solution map

When information contains cause and effect problems and solutions, a Problem and solution map can be useful for organizing.

Remedial reading

aims to correct reading problems

Developmental reading

aims to develop readers' ability to read real and authentic reading materials

Pleasure reading

aims to entertain

Functional reading

aims to systematically improve reading skills looking for guide

Spider Map

also known as (semantic map.) Use to investigate and enumerate various aspects of central idea, which could be a concept, topic or a theme.

graphic organizer

are visual representations of concepts that helps us structure information into organizational patterns. they present essential information and connect these pieces of information into coherent framework. a helpful tool for brainstorming, facilitating reading and writing, promoting active learning and writing, promoting active learning, accessing previous knowledge and experiences. through graphic organizer you can focus your attention to the KEY ELEMENTS and help you integrate new knowledge into your current knowledge.

Literal reading

involves a direct comprehension of explicitly stated information involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in the printed material. Skills under this category include note-taking, paraphrasing, and summarizing. These are done in the post-reading stage.

Critical reading

involves an in-depth evaluation of a text refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic. This skill includes distinguishing facts from opinions and detecting logical fallacies. As with inferential reading, critical reading happens in the while-reading stage.

Previewing

involves inspecting a text leisurely is a skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information he/she finds relevant. also allows readers to set the purpose. and link the content of the material to their background knowledge. It is conducted during the pre-reading stage.

Inferential reading

involves reading between the lines refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text. It is also known as "reading between the lines." This skill includes making generalizations, inferences, and conclusions. This is applied during the while-reading stage.

Rapid reading

involves reading the text in a short span of time Examples of this include skimming and scanning, which are both pre-reading skills.

paraphrasing

involves restating ideas from the original text. is done to simplify a complicated text, improve study skills, and borrow ideas without quoting directly.