Reading Quiz (AP BIO) Chapter 19 and 20

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Only therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of disease or injured organs.

Which of the following responses explain why the apparent high rate of mutation in RNA viruses?

RNA nucleotides are more unstable than DNA nucleotides.

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Reverse transcriptase

Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?

AIDS

What is the difference between and epidemic and pandemic?

An epidemic is restricted to a local region and a pandemic is global

Which of these three types of viruses shown in the figure would you expect to include a capsid(s)?

I, II, and III

Which of these three types of viruses shown would you expect to have glycoproteins among its components?

III only

Which order of the following steps provides the most logical sequence to follow when splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA

III, II, IV, V, I

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

It is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR.

Which of the following best defines prions?

Misfolded versions of normal proteins that can cause disease.

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is reverse transcribed into complementary DNA, is referred to as a ______.

Retrovirus

Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda phage?

The phage is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to the daughter cells through binary fission.

The host range of a virus is determined by wether _______.

The proteins on virus surface can bind with proteins on the host surface.

Which of the following characteristics best support using yeast cells instead of bacterial cells to express mammalian proteins via cloning?

They are eukaryotic cells

Viruses can carry out which of the following processes?

They can use the host cell machinery to make copies of viral genomes and viral proteins.

The cloning of Dolly the sheep is an example of which of the following processes?

Transfer of an adult cell's nucleus into an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate

Which of the following statements correctly describes vaccines and how they help prevent viral infection?

Vaccines are inactive versions of a virus that stimulate an immune reaction in a person.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between viruses and prions?

Viruses replicate using its host's DNA replication machinery, whereas prions replicate using host's translation machinery

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Which of the following best explains the reason for the differences?

X Chromosome inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases)?

adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines