REGENTS EXAM IN GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II (GRADE 10)
(2) Technology made combat more deadly.
11 Which claim about modern warfare is best supported by this poem? (1) Soldiers were not as brave as in the past. (2) Technology made combat more deadly. (3) Religion became more central to long- standing conflicts. (4) Scientific research did not supply battle-ready innovations.
(4) British control of India gradually weakened and ended.
13 Which statement best summarizes the effects actions like those expressed in this excerpt had on India? (1) International support for British colonial rule in India grew. (2) The call for Indian self-government was abandoned. (3) Separatist movements in India ended the fear of oppression. (4) British control of India gradually weakened and ended.
(1) mass migrations following the Holocaust
15 Which situation was a contributing factor in the decision to partition British Palestine as shown on the 1947 map? (1) mass migrations following the Holocaust (2) decolonization from French rule (3) capture of the Suez Canal (4) formation of the Warsaw Pact
(3) newly independent Asian and African nations
17 Which countries would be most likely to agree to adopt the policy Nehru is discussing? (1) democracies in Western Europe (2) communist nations in Asia (3) newly independent Asian and African nations (4) satellite countries in Central and Eastern Europe
(2) build support for China's leader among the people
19 The design and use of this poster suggests its purpose was to (1) advertise advancements in Chinese healthcare (2) build support for China's leader among the people (3) warn the Chinese people about the dangers of capitalism (4) improve the literacy rates of children and adults throughout China
(3) Dutch
2 Which Europeans controlled the waterways connecting the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean? (1) Spanish (2) Portuguese (3) Dutch (4) French
(4) the Cultural Revolution
20 Which historical development is most closely associated with this poster? (1) establishment of special economic zones (2) efforts to confront the opium crisis (3) nationalist rebellions against Qing rule (4) the Cultural Revolution
(2) tensions existed between reformers and traditionalists in Turkey
22 The phrases "deeply conservative population," "lengthy sentences of imprisonment," and "a few hangings" suggest that (1) Atatürk's reforms were eagerly embraced throughout Turkey (2) tensions existed between reformers and traditionalists in Turkey (3) the policy of westernization was abandoned by the Turkish government (4) most Turks preferred punishment to rapid change
(4) collapse of the Soviet Union
24 Which major political event was partially caused by the Soviet war in Afghanistan? (1) Soviet occupation of Hungary (2) building of the Berlin Wall (3) placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba (4) collapse of the Soviet Union
(1) an economic powerhouse
26 In the quotation "First we were afraid of the wolf, then we wanted to dance with the wolf, and now we want to be the wolf," what does the "wolf" symbolize? (1) an economic powerhouse (2) an exporting country (3) a valuable trade item (4) a low-cost manufacturer
(1) signing international environmental agreements
28 In which way have many countries joined together to address the problems described in this passage? (1) signing international environmental agreements (2) supporting the exportation of surplus corn and soy (3) genetically modifying crops to increase production (4) increasing the amount of land under cultivation
(2) Enlightenment thinkers
4 Simón Bolívar's actions were most likely influenced by the ideas of (1) church officials (2) Enlightenment thinkers (3) laissez-faire economists (4) Marxist followers
(1) urban population growth
6 Which characteristic of the Industrial Revolution most directly contributed to the health concern highlighted in this illustration and excerpt? (1) urban population growth (2) improved communication (3) new power sources (4) trade union movement
(3) improvements in water treatment
7 Which action effectively addressed the specific public health concern raised in this illustration and excerpt? (1) installation of electric lighting in poor neighborhoods (2) burning herbs to purify the air (3) improvements in water treatment (4) relocation of government offices
(3) Ethiopia
9 Which African state organized the most successful resistance movement to the European actions shown on this map? (1) Nigeria (2) Algeria (3) Ethiopia (4) Libya
(1) World War I
Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the poem below and on your knowledge of social studies. Attack At dawn the ridge emerges massed and dun [brownish dark grey] In the wild purple of the glowering [glaring] sun, Smouldering through spouts of drifting smoke that shroud The menacing scarred slope; and, one by one, Tanks creep and topple forward to the wire. The barrage roars and lifts. Then, clumsily bowed With bombs and guns and shovels and battle-gear, Men jostle and climb to meet the bristling fire. Lines of grey, muttering faces, masked with fear, They leave their trenches, going over the top, While time ticks blank and busy on their wrists, And hope, with furtive eyes and grappling fists, Flounders in mud. O Jesu, make it stop! 10 This poem describes events related to which international conflict? (1) World War I (2) World War II (3) Korean War (4) Vietnam War
(2) Most European trading stations and empires were located along the coast.
1 Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. What is a valid conclusion based on the information shown on this map? (1) Russia had the largest number of trading stations in Asia. (2) Most European trading stations and empires were located along the coast. (3) France controlled more ports in India than Britain did. (4) Each European power represented had possessions in the East Indies.
(4) nonviolent resistance
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies. BOMBAY, SUNDAY The great test has come for "Mahatma" Gandhi, the Indian Nationalist leader, in his efforts to obtain the complete independence of India from British rule. Wading into the sea this morning at Dandi, the lonely village on the Arabian Sea shore, Gandhi and his followers broke the salt monopoly laws and so inaugurated the campaign of mass civil disobedience. There was no interference by the authorities, although a detachment of 150 police officers had been drafted into Dandi and a further force of 400 police was at Jalalpur. The actual breaking of the salt monopoly law was witnessed by a large crowd who gathered at the seashore. Surrounded by about 100 volunteers—including those who had made the 200-mile march from Ahmedabad,—Gandhi waded into the sea and bathed. Pots were then filled with seawater and boiled or left in the sunshine and the salt residue sprinkled on the ground. Gandhi was hailed by Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, the Indian poetess, as "the lawbreaker." . . . 12 The actions taken by Gandhi and his followers, as described in this excerpt, are examples of (1) political espionage (2) economic terrorism (3) collective bargaining (4) nonviolent resistance
(3) to understand a reason used to establish boundaries for partition
Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies. LEBANON SYRIA (French Mandate) Lake Huleh Sea of Galilee Nazareth Tel Aviv Jaffa Amman Gaza EGYPT Jericho Bethlehem Dead Sea Hebron Beersheba Ramallah Jerusalem 0 0 TRANS-JORDAN (British Mandate) 50 miles 50 kilometers Jewish Settlements Gaza EGYPT Beersheba Tel Aviv Jaffa Nablus Ramallah Jericho Jerusalem Haifa Bethlehem Dead Hebron Sea LEBANON Lake Huleh Sea of Nazareth Galilee SYRIA 0 0 JORDAN 50 miles 50 kilometers Arab Areas Jewish State International Zone of Jerusalem Aqaba Palestine (British Mandate), 1920-1948 14 What would be the best use for this pair of maps? (1) to explain why European powers used the mandate system (2) to examine the relationship between fresh water and Arab settlement patterns (3) to understand a reason used to establish boundaries for partition (4) to illustrate the advantages Palestinian Arabs have over Arabs living in Egypt
(1) expansion of Cold War blocs
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. Excerpt of a Speech Given by Nehru at the Bandung Conference in 1955 . . . If all the world were to be divided up between these two big blocs what would be the result? The inevitable result would be war. Therefore every step that takes place in reducing that area in the world which may be called the unaligned area is a dangerous step and leads to war. It reduces that objective, that balance, that outlook which other countries without military might can perhaps exercise. . . . 16 Which historical development led Nehru to promote the policy of unaligned areas? (1) expansion of Cold War blocs (2) political pressure from his Parliament to pursue isolationism (3) partitioning of India and Pakistan at independence (4) internal friction between various Indian ethnic groups
(3) Joseph Stalin
Base your answers to questions 18 through 20 on the poster below and on your knowledge of social studies. Mao's cult of personality also went beyond the badges and the Little Red Book. There were propaganda posters inside homes, classrooms, meeting halls, office buildings, and factories. The line beneath Mao's image says: Wishing Chairman Mao a long life. Source: International Institute of Social History 18 Which political leader other than Mao Zedong utilized this type of poster? (1) Otto Von Bismarck (2) Emperor Meiji (3) Joseph Stalin (4) Nelson Mandela
(4) modernize Turkey in the image of European nations
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the article below and on your knowledge of social studies. Atatürk's Fashion Police Turkey's restrictions on wearing overtly religious-oriented attire are rooted in the founding of the modern, secular Turkish state, when the republic's founding father, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, introduced a series of clothing regulations designed to keep religious symbolism out of the civil service. The regulations were part of a sweeping series of reforms that altered virtually every aspect of Turkish life—from the civil code to the alphabet to education to social integration of the sexes. The Western dress code at that time, though, was aimed at men. The fez—the short, conical, red-felt cap that had been in vogue [fashion] in Turkey since the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II made it part of the official national attire in 1826—was banished. Atatürk himself famously adopted a Panama hat to accent his Western- style gray linen suit, shirt, and tie when he toured the country in the summer of 1925 to sell his new ideas to a deeply conservative population. That autumn, the Hat Law of 1925 was passed, making European-style men's headwear de rigueur [fashionable] and punishing fez-wearers with lengthy sentences of imprisonment at hard labor, and even a few hangings. . . . 21 According to this article by Roff Smith, the goal of Atatürk's reforms was to (1) prevent the elimination of the civil service system (2) implement a legal system based on religious teachings (3) revive Turkey's interest in Ottoman-era customs (4) modernize Turkey in the image of European nations
(3) regional conflicts during the Cold War
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. The Costs of Soviet Involvement in Afghanistan Soviet leaders continue to express frustration over the protracted [drawn out] war in Afghanistan. This was evident at the party congress in February 1986 when General Secretary Gorbachev referred to the war as a "bleeding wound." Soviet involvement in Afghanistan has led to periodic censure within the United Nations, become a stumbling block to improved Sino-Soviet relations, and complicated Soviet policy toward nations in the nonaligned movement. At home, pockets of social unrest related to Afghanistan, the diversion of energies from pressing economic problems, and dissatisfaction in the political hierarchy over the failure to end the war also probably worry the leadership. The war has not been a substantial drain on the Soviet economy so far, although the costs of the war have been rising faster than total defense spending. We estimate that from their initial invasion in December 1979 through 1986 the Soviets have spent about 15 billion rubles on the conduct of the war. Of this total, about 3 billion rubles would have been spent over the seven-year period even if the USSR had not occupied Afghanistan. . . . — "The Costs of Soviet Involvement in Afghanistan," Central Intelligence Agency, February 1987 23 The situation described in this passage was part of which historical development? (1) decolonization in Africa (2) growth of nationalism in Southeast Asia (3) regional conflicts during the Cold War (4) rise of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the Middle East
(1) Mexico is geographically close to the United States.
Base your answers to questions 25 and 26 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . China is such a powerhouse of low-cost manufacturing that even though the NAFTA accord has given Mexico a leg up with the United States, and even though Mexico is right next door to us, China in 2003 replaced Mexico as the number two exporter to the United States. (Canada remains number one.) Though Mexico still has a strong position in big-ticket exports that are costly to ship, such as cars, auto parts, and refrigerators, China is coming on strong and has already displaced Mexico in areas such as computer parts, electrical components, toys, textiles, sporting goods, and tennis shoes. But what's even worse for Mexico is that China is displacing some Mexican companies in Mexico, where Chinese-made clothing and toys are now showing up on store shelves everywhere. No wonder a Mexican journalist told me about the day he interviewed a Chinese central bank official, who told him something about China's relationship with America that really rattled him: "First we were afraid of the wolf, then we wanted to dance with the wolf, and now we want to be the wolf.". . . 25 According to Thomas Friedman, why is it surprising that Mexico is being replaced by China as the number two exporter to the United States? (1) Mexico is geographically close to the United States. (2) China's relationship with the United States has been damaged. (3) Mexico has the world's strongest economy. (4) China's industry lacks low-cost manufacturing ability.
(2) climate change
Base your answers to questions 27 and 28 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . One of the most important effects on the environment is indirect, and therefore less obvious: Industrial meat production is a key factor behind deforestation of the Amazon and other tropical rain forests. They're being cleared to create fields to grow the feed needed for all those cows, especially corn and soy, which the cows eat instead of the grass they'd munch on if they were grazing in fields as they used to do. In fact, most of the corn and soy grown today goes to feed cattle, pigs, and chickens, not people. And all that grain requires vast quantities of chemical fertilizer, which in turn takes vast quantities of oil—1.2 gallons to create the fertilizer for every bushel. Finally, cutting down rain forests, which are full of carbon-absorbing trees, further exacerbates [worsens] climate change by reducing the planet's ability to soak up carbon. . . . 27 Which issue is most closely associated with the concerns raised in this passage? (1) drought (2) climate change (3) migration (4) widespread famine
(3) form one nation that unifies all of South America
Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . I shall tell you with what we must provide ourselves in order to expel the Spaniards and to found a free government. It is union, obviously; but such union will come about through sensible planning and well-directed actions rather than by divine magic. America stands together because it is abandoned by all other nations. It is isolated in the center of the world. It has no diplomatic relations, nor does it receive any military assistance; instead, America is attacked by Spain, which has more military supplies than any we can possibly acquire through furtive [stealthy] means. When success is not assured, when the state is weak, and when results are distantly seen, all men hesitate; opinion is divided, passions rage, and the enemy fans these passions in order to win an easy victory because of them. As soon as we are strong and under the guidance of a liberal nation which will lend us her protection, we will achieve accord [unity] in cultivating the virtues and talents that lead to glory. Then will we march majestically toward that great prosperity for which South America is destined. Then will those sciences and arts which, born in the East, have enlightened Europe, wing their way to a free Colombia, which will cordially bid them welcome. . . . — Simón Bolívar, "Reply of a South American to a Gentleman of This Island [Jamaica]," September 6, 1815 (adapted) 3 In this letter, Simón Bolívar's goal is to (1) become monarch of the strongest country in South America (2) break off diplomatic relations with Europe (3) form one nation that unifies all of South America (4) convince Mexico to join in his fight against Spain
(2) Victorian England
Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on the illustration and excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies. FUN.—August 18, 1866. — Richard Walker, Epidemics & Plagues, Kingfisher, 2006 In cities and towns, drinking water was drawn from the same rivers into which raw sewage flowed. This sewage contaminated the water with the bacteria that cause cholera and typhoid fever. However, a direct link between germs and diseases had yet to be made. In England, London's Thames river was so polluted that in the summer of 1858, the "Great Stink" drove Members of Parliament out of the House of Commons, situated close to the river. DEATH'S DISPENSARY. OPEN TO THE POOR, GRATIS [free of charge], BY PERMISSION OF THE PARISH. Source: George Pinwell, "Death 5 This illustration and excerpt depict events from which time and place in history? (1) Revolutionary France (2) Victorian England (3) Meiji Japan (4) Soviet Russia
(4) The boundaries that were established led to the division of traditional cultures and commerce.
Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The Partition of Africa Atlantic Ocean France Italy Spain Morocco Sp. Islands (Port.) Madeira Canary Islands (Sp.) Rio De Oro Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Egypt Anglo-Egyptian Sudan French West Africa Senegal Arabia Eritrea Ethiopia British East Africa German East Africa Nyasaland Gambia French Guinea Sierra Leone Port Guinea Nigeria Rio Muni French Congo Angola Liberia Gold Coast Ivory Coast Togo Cameroons Belgian Congo Imperialism in Africa to 1914 French British Italian Belgian German Portuguese Spanish German Southwest Africa Bechuanaland Madagascar Indian Ocean Union of South Africa Mozambique Source: Costello et al., World History: Book 3, 1815-1919, The Center for Learning, 1992 (adapted) 8 What was a result of the political situation shown on this map? (1) Most local rulers had power equal to that of European leaders. (2) The economic prosperity of the African nationalist leaders increased their power. (3) African leaders willingly adopted European forms of governance including constitutions. (4) The boundaries that were established led to the division of traditional cultures and commerce.
