Registry Review ch 10-12

splenic infarction is most commonly associated with an embolism originating from which of the following structures

heart

mesoblastic nephromas are more likely to occur in patients under

1 years of age

the normal adult renal cortex should measure a minimum of

1.0cm

in a 40 year old patient, splenomegaly is suggested after the length of the spleen exceeds

13 cm

renal artery stenosis is suggested after the peak systolic velocity exceeds

180cm/s

normal hemoglobin levels should not exceed

20 g / dL

Normal postvoid residual urine volume should not exceed:

20mL

the outer portion of the adrenal gland comprises

90% of the gland

which of the following structures carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs

hemoglobin

which of the following structures is recycled into iron by the spleen

hemoglobin

a patient arrives at the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. an abdominal ultrasound is most likely ordered to evaluate for which of the following conditions

hemoperitoneum

a triangular shaped hyperechoic focus located in the anterior renal cortex in an asymptomatic patient most likely represents

a junctional parenchymal defect

leukocytosis is defined as a white blood cell count

above 20,000

which of the following splenic abnormalities is most commonly linked to infective endocarditis

abscess

a condition caused by complete or partial failure of the adrenocortical function describes

addison disease

obesity is most likely a predisposing factor in developing which of the following adrenal neoplasms

adenoma

which of the following is the most common cause of Conn syndrome

adrenal adenoma

which of the following adrenal pathologies is typically demonstrated bilaterally

adrenal hyperplasia

which of the following hormones is produced by the pituitary gland

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

which of the following terms describes the typical sonographic appearance of the medullary pyramids in the neonate

anechoic

the most common clinical finding associated with a hemangiosarcoma is

anemia

a benign tumor composed of fat, blood vessels, and muscle describes a(n)

angiomyolipoma

patients with a history of portal hypertension have an increased risk of developing a splenic

artery aneurysm

leukopenia is defined as a white blood cell count

below 4000

Fusion of the entire medial aspect of both kidneys is a congenital anomaly termed:

cake kidney

which of the following splenic pathologies is associated with granulomatosis

calcifications

Multiple splenic infections is a predisposing factor of which of the following conditions?

candidiasis

which of the following pathologies is associated with a "wheel within a wheel" appearance on ultrasound

candidiasis

the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen is a(n)

cavernous hemangioma

the splenic artery is a branch of which of the following vascular structures

celiac axis

a hematoma located below the splenic capsule most commonly appears on ultrasound as a

crescent-shaped fluid collection inferior to the diaphragm

which of the following conditions is a predisposing factor for development of an adrenal adenoma

diabetes mellitus

a patient presents with a history of portal hypertension. the spleen is expected to demonstrate

enlargement

in patients with a history of polycythemia vera, the spleen will most likely demonstrate

enlargement

which of the following hormones increases during times of excitement or stress

epinephrine

which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla

epinephrine

the complete inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, concentrate urine, and converse electrolytes is termed renal

failure

which of the following is an indication for an ultrasound of the spleen

fatigue

which of the following is considered a function of the lymph node

form antibodies to fight infection

which of the following renal structures is composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers

glomerulus

which of the following hormones modifies the body's response to inflammation?

glucocorticoids

which of the following benign neoplasms is composed of lymphoid tissue

hamartoma

which of the following abnormalities is the most likely complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis

hydronephrosis

the sonographic appearance of a liposarcoma is most likely described as a

hyperechoic mass with thick wall margins

which of the following conditions is most likely to mimic a duplicated urinary system

hypertrophied column of bertin

visceral lymph nodes are located

in the peritoneum

An enlarged lymph node demonstrating an oval shape and smooth wall margins is most consistent with an underlying:

infection

which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate an elevated hematocrit

infection

the right suprarenal vein empties into which of the following vascular structures

inferior vena cava

Gain settings should be placed to demonstrate the normal spleen as

isoechoic to the normal liver

the renal arteries arise from which aspect of the abdominal aorta

lateral

how would an adrenal mass displace the upper pole of the kidney

lateral and caudally

the location of the spleen is best described as

lateral to the stomach

The spleen is predominantly located in which of the following quadrants?

left hypochondrium

which of the following malignant neoplasms contains cells of smooth muscle

leiomyosarcoma

which of the following conditions is most likely associated with a decrease in leukocytes

leukemia

the most common neoplasm to develop in the retroperitoneum is a

liposarcoma

which of the following adrenal neoplasms is most likely to infiltrate surrounding structures

liposarcoma

hemangiosarcoma involving the spleen frequently metastasizes to which of the following organs

liver

which of the following conditions is associated with a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

liver failure

which of the following structures are contained in the renal sinus

lymphatics, peripelvic fat, major calyces

gastrohepatic lymphadenopathy is associated with

lymphoma

Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in which of the following renal arteries?

main renal artery

An enlarged irregular lymph node demonstrating a round appearance is most consistent with an underlying:

malignancy

the inner portion of the adrenal gland is termed the

medulla

Metastasis to the spleen most commonly originates from which of the following malignancies?

melanoma

an abnormal growth of epithelial cells is demonstrated in which of the following neoplasms

mesothelioma

which of the following conditions is frequently associated with urinary stasis

nephrolithiasis

which of the following structures is considered the basic functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

young children have a predisposing factor for developing which of the following adrenal neoplasms

neuroblastoma

a patient with an accessory spleen will most likely present with which of the following symptoms

no symptoms

the clinical finding associated with splenic infarction may include

no symptoms

which of the following structures is located in the anterior pararenal space?

pancreas

a urinoma is most likely to develop in which of the following regions

perinephric space

a rare vascular tumor of the adrenal gland defines a

pheochromocytoma

benign adrenal pathology associated with hypertension, tachycardia, and palpitations is most consistent with which of the following pathologies

pheochromocytoma

Cushing's disease is most commonly caused by which of the following pathologies

pituitary mass

a congenital anomaly of the spleen associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and biliary anomalies is most consistent with

polysplenia syndrome

the splenic vein joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the

portal vein

the quadratus lumborum is a muscle located in the

posterior abdominal wall

which of the following structures form the anterior border of the retroperitoneum

posterior parietal peritoneum

the anterior pararenal space is most accurately defined as the area between the

posterior peritoneum and gerota's fascia

the "floating aorta" sign is caused by lymphadenopathy in which of the following regions

posterior to the aorta

the location of the right adrenal gland most accurately correlates to which of the following regions

posterior to the inferior vena cava

the location of the left adrenal gland most accurately correlates to which of the following regions?

posterior to the splenic artery

which of the following is considered a function of the adrenal glands

produce hormones

which of the following patient positions is typically used for renal biopsy procedures

prone

a 43 year old female patient presents to the ultrasound department complaining of right flank pain and dysuria. a generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. the medullary pyramids appear well defined. this is most suspicious for

pyelonephritis

hematocrit is defined as the percentage of

red blood cells in the blood

patients with adult polycystic renal disease have and increased incidence of developing

renal calculi

dialysis patients are at increased risk for developing

renal carcinoma

which of the following conditions is most likely associated with painless hematuria

renal cell carcinoma

a patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing

renal colic

the staghorn calculus begins forming in the

renal pelvis

a malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle describes a

rhabdomyosarcoma

elevation in which of the following laboratory tests is a clinical finding in Addison disease?

serum potassium

in which of the following conditions is the spleen enlarged as a child and atrophic as an adult

sickle cell anemia

Fusion of the superior pole of one kidney to the inferior pole of the contralateral kidney is most consistent with which of the following congenital anomalies?

sigmoid kidney

the most common renal neoplasm identified in patients over the age of 55 years is a(n)

simple cyst

which of the following components is a major factor in determining blood volume

sodium

the most common location of an accessory spleen is near the

splenic hilum

the adrenal glands are also known as the

suprarenal glands

which of the following statements correctly describes the adrenal glands

the arteries supplying the adrenal glands arise from the aorta, renal, and inferior phrenic arteries

which of the following muscles is located lateral to each kidney?

transversus abdominis

small echogenic proturbances identified on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder most likely represent

ureteric orifices

which of the following fluid collections is most likely to demonstrate a rapid increase in size following renal transplant surgery

urinoma

which of the following is a symptom associated with adrenocortical carcinoma

weight loss