REGs and DOD FLIPS

Planning weather. (1) Destination planning

Destination weather must be forecast to be equal to or greater than the published weather planning minimum for the approach procedure to be flown at ETA through one hour after ETA. When there are intermittent weather conditions, the predominant weather will apply. Aviators flying helicopters may reduce destination and alternate Category A visibility minimums by 50 percent, but not less than 1/4 mile or metric equivalent. Reduction of visibility for approaches labeled "copter only" is not authorized, and this reduction is applied after all other corrections. Category II approach procedures may not be used in destination or alternate weather planning.

To file IFR, destination weather must be forecast to be equal to or greater than the published weather planning minimum for the approach procedure to be flown -- a. From 1 hour prior to 1 hour after ETA. b. At ETA. c. At ETA through 1 hour after ETA.

ETA through 1 hour after ETA.

MRA

Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) (signified by a flagged R on IFR charts) applies to the operation of an aircraft over an intersection defined by ground-based navigation aids. The MRA is the lowest altitude at which the intersection can be determined using the ground-based navigation aids.

MEA

Minumum Enroute Altitudes: is the altitude for an en-route segment that provides adequate reception of relevant navigation facilities and ATS communications, complies with the airspace structure and provides the required obstacle clearance

In a non-radar environment, level at assigned altitude of 4000, estimating SHADY at 1420, and told to contact Montgomery Approach over PETRY, what is the correct contact?_

"Montgomery Approach, Army 12345, PETRY, Level 4000, estimating SHADY at 1420, over."

Responsibility and authority of the Pilot-in-Command (§91.3).

(1) "In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the Pilot-in-Command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency" [§91.3(b)]. (2) "Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator" [§91.3(c)].

What is the required IFR fuel reserve for an Army rotary wing aircract? _________________________________________.

30 minutes at cruise.

What is the DA/(H) for the straight-in ILS approach to Runway 14?_ ______________________________________.

415

What is the HAA for the Circling approach at Mobile Regional? ___________________

462

VFR flight weather minimum requirements, more than 1,200 ft above the surface and at or above 10,000 ft MSL, Class E and G, ___ visibility and a cloud clearance of___________________________________.

5 SM 1000 ft below, 1000 ft above and 1 SM horizontal

Practice hooded approaches are restricted to what altitude when the aircraft has dual controls and a pilot acting as a safety pilot/observer is not at one set of controls? __________________.

500 feet AGL.

What is the MDA for the S-LOC 14? _________________________________________.

600

To use Mobile Regional (MOB) as an alternate airport during normal hours, what would be your alternate weather planning minimums? ________________________________.

600 - 1 and 1/4, based on full ILS approach.

Class A Airspace

That airspace of the United States and Alaska, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States, from 18,000 feet MSL to and including FL600. (1) Excludes the Alaska Peninsula west of longitude 160° west, and airspace less than 1,500 feet above the surface of the earth. (2) Operating requirements. IFR clearance and 4096 code transponder with mode C.

Designated Mountains and non Mountaines Teran

See FAR AIM

Basic VFR in Surface Areas

(1) 14 CFR §91.155(c)- "Except as provided in §91.157 [special VFR], no person may operate an aircraft beneath the ceiling under VFR within the lateral boundaries of controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport when the ceiling is less than 1000 feet." RWIFEC Note: This does not restrict aircraft from transitioning through the surface area above or laterally from the clouds under VFR, with prior radio communication established. 20 Table of Contents Note: Coverage- A ceiling is the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena reported as broken, overcast, or an obscuration, and not classified as "thin" or "partial" (P/CG). Note: FAA Position- The FAA's "longstanding legal interpretation states that the reported ceiling at the primary airport in the surface area determines the official ceiling for the entire surface area. See FAA memo. (2) 14 CFR §91.155(d)- "Except as provided in §91.157 [special VFR], no person may take off or land an aircraft, or enter the traffic pattern of an airport, under VFR, within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport: (a) Unless ground visibility at that airport is at least 3 statute miles." RWIFEC Note: This does not restrict aircraft from transitioning through the surface area under VFR, with prior radio communication established. (b) "Or, if ground visibility is not reported at that airport, unless flight visibility during landing or takeoff, or while operating in the traffic pattern is at least 3 statute miles."

Restricted Area

(1) Airspace designated under FAR 73 within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restriction. (2) Denotes the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. (3) Most Restricted Areas are designated joint use and IFR/VFR operations in the area may be authorized by the controlling ATC facility when it is not being used by the using agency. (4) Restricted Areas are depicted on en route charts. Where joint use is authorized, the name of the ATC controlling facility is also shown.

Military Operations Area

(1) Airspace established outside of Class A airspace to separate or segregate certain nonhazardous military activities from IFR traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are conducted. (2) Activities include air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics. Aircraft speeds may exceed 250 knots below 10,000' MSL. (3) Pilots should contact FSS for real-time useage information.

Class C Airspace

(1) Airspace surrounding those airports that have an operational Control Tower, are serviced by a radar Approach Control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. Although the configuration of each Class C airspace area is individually tailored, general design usually consists of a 5 NM radius core surface area that extends from the surface up to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation, and a 10 NM radius shelf area that extends from 1,200 feet AGL to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation. All altitudes are charted in MSL. (2) Additionally, an outer area exists, with a radius of 20 NM and extending from the lower limit of radar/radio coverage up to the ceiling of the approach control's delegated airspace. Participation in this area is voluntary, but encouraged. (3) Operating Requirements (14 CFR §91.130; 91.155; 91.173): (a) Airspace may be re-designated. See Operating times. (b) VFR. Basic VFR weather minimums; communication with ATC; and a 4096 code transponder with mode C. (c) IFR. IFR flight plan filed; an ATC clearance; and a 4096 code transponder with mode C. Note: Transponder requirements apply within the inner and outer circles, as well as above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of Class C, upward to 10,000 feet MSL (14 CFR §91.215).

Alert Area

(1) Airspace that may contain a high volume of pilot training activities or an unusual type of aerial activity, neither of which is hazardous to aircraft. Pilots should be particularly alert when flying in these areas. (2) All activities within an Alert Area shall be conducted in accordance with CFRs and pilots of participating aircraft as well as pilots transiting the area shall be equally responsible for collision avoidance.

Controlled Firing Areas

(1) Airspace wherein activities are conducted under conditions so controlled as to eliminate hazards to nonparticipating aircraft and to ensure the safety of persons and property on the ground. (2) CFAs are not charted since activities are suspended immediately when spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout positions indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area.

Warning Area

(1) Airspace which may contain hazards to nonparticipating aircraft in international airspace. (2) Extends from 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the United States and may be located over domestic or international waters or both. (3) DOD aircraft should coordinate with the appropriate FACSFAC prior to operating in most Warning Areas (Refer to the IFR Supplement, Section C).

Prohibited Area

(1) Airspace within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited, unless authorization has been granted by using agency. (2) Prohibited Areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare.

FAA transponder requirements (§91.215).

(1) All airspace of the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia at and above 10,000 feet MSL, excluding the airspace at and below 2500 feet above the surface. (2) All aircraft in Class A, Class B, and Class C airspace. (3) All aircraft in airspace within 30 NM of a Class B airport. (4) All airspace above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area designated for an airport upward to 10,000 feet MSL. (5) In the airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL within a 10-nautical-mile radius of any airport listed in Appendix D, Section 2 of Part 91, excluding the airspace below 1,200 feet outside of the lateral boundaries of the surface area of the airspace designated for that airport. Note: Army Aviators must have an operable transponder for all operations in the National Airspace System (AR 95-1, Table 5-2)

What is the field elevation at Mobile Regional? ________________________________

218

Planning Weather (3) Alternate Airfield Selection

(1) An airfield may be selected as an alternate when the worst weather condition for that airfield is forecast for ETA through one hour after ETA to be equal to or greater than— (a) Ceiling 400 feet above the weather planning minimum required for the approach to be flown and visibility one mile (or metric equivalent) greater than the weather planning minimum required for the approach to be flown, or (b) The descent from en route minimum altitude for IFR operation, approach, and landing can be made while maintain-ing the VFR cloud clearance and visibility requirements for the airspace flown. (2) An airfield will not be selected as an alternate except per paragraph 5-2f(1)(b)— (a) If the approach procedure to be used at the alternate is shown not authorized in FLIP. (b) If radar is required for the approach procedure to be used at the alternate. (c) If the instrument approach NAVAIDs to be used are unmonitored. (d) If a Class B, C, D, or E surface area airspace does not exist or is not in effect at the airport to be used.

Minimum safe altitudes (§91.119). Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft below the following altitudes:

(1) Anywhere. An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazards to persons or property on the surface. (2) Over congested areas. 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a 2,000 foot radius. (3) Over other than congested areas. 500 feet above the surface; except over water or sparsely populated areas; then 500 feet to any person, vessel, or structure. (4) Helicopters may be operated at less than the minimums prescribed in paragraphs (2) and (3) above if the operation is conducted without hazard to persons or property on the surface.

IFR cruising altitudes

(1) Controlled airspace. IFR in level cruising flight requires the altitude or flight level assigned by ATC. (2) Uncontrolled airspace. Except while in a holding pattern of 2 minutes or less or while turning, IFR in level cruising flight requires: (a) On magnetic courses of 0º through 179º, any odd thousand foot MSL altitude (such as 3,000, 5,000, or 7,000). (b) On magnetic courses of 180º through 359º, any even thousand foot MSL altitude (such as 2,000, 4,000, or 6,000).

Class E Airspace

(1) General Controlled Airspace. The airspace of the United States, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska, extending upward from 14,500 feet MSL up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL, and the airspace above FL600. Excluded are: (1) the Alaska Peninsula, west of longitude 160°00'00"W.; and (2) airspace below 1,500 feet above the surface of the earth. (2) En Route Domestic Airspace. There are Class E airspace areas that extend upward from a specified altitude (generally 1,200 feet AGL) and are en route Domestic Airspace areas that provide controlled airspace in those areas where there is a requirement to provide IFR en route ATC services but the Federal Airway system is inadequate. (3) Offshore Airspace Areas. There are Class E airspace areas that extend upward from a specified altitude to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL and are designated as Offshore Airspace areas. These areas provide controlled airspace beyond 12 miles from the coast of the U.S. in those areas where there is a requirement to provide IFR en route ATC services and within which the U.S. is applying domestic procedures. (4) Federal Airways. The Federal Airways are Class E airspace areas and, unless otherwise specified, extend upward from 1,200 feet to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL. VOR Federal Airways are classified as Domestic, Alaskan, and Hawaiian. Colored Federal Airways are designated as green, red, amber, or blue, these also include United States Area Navigation Routes. (5) Airspace used for Transition. There are Class E areas beginning at either 700 or 1,200 feet AGL used to transition aircraft to/from the terminal or en route environment. On VFR charts, 1,200 feet AGL and other specified lower limits are shown by blue shading when bordering Class G. 700 feet AGL lower limits are shown by magenta shading. On IFR ELA charts, transition areas are shown in white. (6) Surface Areas. A surface area is designated to provide controlled airspace for terminal instrument operations, and extends upward from the surface of the earth to a designated altitude or to the adjacent or overlying controlled airspace. (a) Surface area requirements are found in FAA Order 7400.2, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters (Para 17-2-9 and 17-2-10): Communications capability with the aircraft must exist down to the runway surface of the primary airport. Weather observing and reporting capability, taken at the surface area's primary airport during times and dates a surface area is designated. A federally certified weather observer or a federally commissioned automated weather observing system is required (AWOS-3/ASOS acceptable). (b) An arrival extension(s) shall be established to the point where an IFR flight on an instrument approach can be expected to descend to less than 1,000 feet above the surface. If all arrival extensions are 2 NM or less, they will remain part of the basic Class D area. If any extension is greater than 2 NM, then all extensions will be Class E airspace. Extensions outward from Class B, C, or D airspace protect IFR arriving and departing traffic without imposing a communications requirement on pilots operating under VFR (FAA Order 7400.2, Para. 17-2-7d). (c) Class C or D airspace may be designated a Class E surface area when the Control Tower closes as long as the communication requirement and weather reporting still exists. (7) Operating Requirements: (14 CFR §91.155; 91.159; 91.173) (a) VFR. Basic VFR weather minimums; and an appropriate VFR cruising altitude; and on a flight plan or operations log (AR 95-1). (b) IFR. IFR flight plan filed and above 3000' AGL unless otherwise authorized by ATC

Class B Airspace

(1) Generally, that airspace from the surface to 10,000' MSL surrounding the nation's busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface area and two or more layers and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace. (2) Operating Requirements (14 CFR §91.131; 91.155; 91.173): (a) VFR. The Pilot-in-Command of civil aircraft must possess at least a private pilot certificate (with exceptions for student pilots or recreational pilot seeking a private pilot certificate at certain areas); Basic VFR weather minimums (3 statute miles and clear-of-clouds); an ATC clearance; and a 4096 code transponder with mode C. (b) IFR. IFR flight plan filed; an ATC clearance; a 4096 code transponder with mode C; and an operable VOR, TACAN or suitable RNAV receiver.

Class D Airspace.

(1) Provides controlled airspace for terminal VFR/IFR operations at airports having an operating Control Tower. (2) Airspace is individually sized to contain intended operations and generally extends from the surface to 2,500 feet AGL. Upper limits are charted in MSL. Class D may include arrival extensions up to 2 NM. If an extension of more than 2 NM is necessary, all extensions become surface-based Class E airspace (depicted in magenta). Shelving and/or cutouts are used to exclude satellite airports. (3) Airports with part-time Control Towers are Class D when the tower is in operation, and revert to surface Class E or G when the tower is closed. Requirements for surface based Class E airspace must be met (communications with ATC to the surface and weather reporting) or airspace reverts to Class G. (4) Operating Requirements (14 CFR §91.129; 91.155; 91.173): (a) VFR. Basic VFR weather minimums; and communication with ATC. Note: If the controller responds to a radio call with the aircraft call sign, radio communications have been established and the pilot can enter the airspace. If the controller responds to the initial radio call without including the aircraft call sign, radio communications have not been established and the pilot may not enter the airspace. (AP/1) (b) IFR. IFR flight plan filed and an ATC clearance.

VFR flight weather minimum requirements, less than 10,000 ft MSL.

(a) Controlled airspace, 3 SM visibility and a cloud clearance of 500 ft below, 1000 ft above and 2000 ft horizontal except, in Class B, clear of clouds and 3 SM visibility. (b) Uncontrolled airspace, below 10,000 ft but above 1,200 ft AGL. Day - 1 SM visibility and a cloud clearance of 500 ft below, 1000 ft above and 2000 ft horizontal. Night - 3 SM visibility and a cloud clearance of 500 ft below, 1000 ft above and 2000 ft horizontal.

Temporary Flight Restrictions

(§91.137 - §91.145). The FAA may impose temporary flight restrictions. Administrator will issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) designating an area within which temporary flight restrictions apply and specifying the hazard or condition requiring their imposition, whenever he determines it is necessary. (1) Protect persons and property on the surface or in the air from a hazard associated with an incident on the surface; (2) Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft. (3) Prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing and other aircraft above an incident or event which may generate a high degree of public interest. (4) Pilots are responsible for checking NOTAM's before flight. Caution: Graphical TFR depictions can be over 2 hours old (note the UTC time stamp above the table of data). Moreover, the website states that "depicted TFR data may not be a complete listing. Pilots should not use the information on the website for flight planning purposes. For the latest information, call your local Flight Service Station at 1-800-WX- BRIEF."

List the restrictions on aerobatic flight. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. Over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement, 2. Over an open air assembly of persons, 3. Within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport, 4. Within 4 NM of the center line of any federal airway, 5. Below an altitude of 1,500 feet above the surface, or 6. When flight visibility is less than 3 SM

Pressure altitudes are used above _____________ feet in the United States and are referred to as______________________________________.

17,999 feet; flight levels.

The low altitude route structure extends up to but not including ____________________. For operation in this structure, the altimeter would be set to the __________________________, or ________(QNE/QNH).

18,000 Current Altimeter QNH

What are your weather planning requirements at your destination airport (Mobile Regional) using the straight-in ILS approach to Runway 14? ____________________________________.

200 and 1/4 SM.

What is the HAT for the S-ILS 14? __________________________________________.

200 feet

Unpublished routes

A route for which no minimum altitude is published or charted for pilot use. It may include a direct route between NAVAIDs, a radial, a radar vector, or a final approach course beyond the segments of an instrument approach procedure. b. Dimensions. For planning purposes, obstacle clearance altitudes area applied within a horizontal distance of 4 NM from the course to be flown, with distances based on NAVAID service volume. In controlled airspace, the controller will protect airspace in the same manner as for published routes. (1) Mountainous area (designated in 14 CFR Part 95) requires 2000 feet above the highest obstacle in the required area. (2) In any other case (flat terrain) 1000 feet above the highest obstacle is required.

National Security Areas (NSA)

Airspace established at location where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities. (1) Civil pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through NSAs. When necessary, thru-flights may be temporarily prohibited by regulation under the provisions of CFR §99.7 and the issuance of a NOTAM. (2) Army aviators shall avoid over flight of NSAs at altitudes below 2,000 feet AGL (AR 95-1, Para. 5-4). Exceptions will be per instructions in DOD FLIP (AP1). Exceptions below 2000 feet include an emergency or military necessity, weather forces the aircraft below 2000 AGL and the pilot cannot circumnavigate, or flights in support of a Department of Energy (DOE) requirement or mission. (e) Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ). The area of airspace over land or water, extending upward from the surface, within which the ready identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required in the interest of national security. (1) Special ADIZ procedures are found in FAR Part 99 and the IFR Supplement. (2) Flights require an IFR or DVFR flight plan.

Special Use Airspace Definition.

Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations are imposed upon aircraft operations that are not part of those activities.

Military Training Routes (MTRs)

Airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established for the conduct of military flight training at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS. (1) IR Routes. Operations on these routes are conducted in accordance with IFR regardless of weather conditions. (2) VR Routes. Operation on these routes are conducted in accordance with VFR except flight visibility must be 5 miles or more; and flights must not be conducted below a ceiling of less than 3,000 feet AGL.

Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)

Airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation for all IFR and participating VFR aircraft. Pilot participation is urged but is not mandatory.

Class G

Airspace that is outside of controlled airspace.

Planning Weather (3) Alternate Airfield Selection

Alternate airfield planning. An alternate airfield is required when filing IFR to a destination under any of the fol-lowing conditions: (1) Radar is required to execute the approach procedure to be flown. (2) The instrument approach NAVAIDs to be used are unmonitored. (3) The predominant weather at the destination is forecast at ETA through one hour after ETA to be less than— (a) Ceiling 400 feet above the weather planning minimum required for the approach to be flown. (b) Visibility one mile (or metric equivalent) greater than the planning minimum required for the approach to be flown. (4) An alternate is not required if descent from en route minimum altitude for IFR operation, approach, and landing can be made in VFR conditions. (5) Pilots may plan for a GPS-based instrument approach at either the destination or alternate, but not at both locations. This restriction does not apply to RNAV systems using TSO-C145/C146 equipment.

VFR Cruising Altitiudes

Except while in a holding pattern of 2 minutes or less, or while turning, VFR in level cruising flight more than 3,000 feet AGL and below 18,000 MSL requires (unless otherwise authorized by ATC): (1) On magnetic courses of 0º through 179º, any odd thousand foot MSL altitude +500 feet (such as 3,500, 5,500, or 7,500). (2) On magnetic courses of 180º through 359º, any even thousand foot MSL altitude +500 feet (such as 4,500, 6,500, or 8,500).

The upper limit of the high altitude route structure is _______________________. Airways in this structure are called __________________________________.

FL 450; jet routes.

Class E

Federal airways are part of this airspace. Controlled airspace to the surface without a control tower. Floor 700 or 1,200 feet AGL, or 14,500 feet MSL

Class B

Has primary airport with a control tower. Requires Mode 3/A 4096 transponder with Mode C.

Where would you find Radio and class codes for VORs?

IFR SUPPLEMENT

What publication will give you operating times for airspace?

IFR Supplement or Chart Supplement

In a radar environment, level at assigned altitude of 5000, and told to contact Jacksonville Center over Marianna, what is the correct contact? __________________________________________ .

Jacksonville Center Guard 444 Level 5000.

VFR flight weather minimum requirement, 18,000 ft and above?

NONE Unless specifically authorized no VFR or VFR on Top permitted in Class A airspace.

While being radar vectored to final for the PAR RWY 6 approach at Cairns AAF, at what time would you execute lost communication procedures? _______________________

No communications received within 1 minute.

Weather briefing void time is________________________________________.

One Hour and 30 min. after the pilot recives the brief

Where special VFR operations may be conducted?_______________________

Operations may be conducted under the weather minimums and requirements of FAR 91.157, instead of those contained in 91.155, below 10,000 feet MSL within the airspace contained by the upward extension of the lateral boundaries of the controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport.

Class D

Require two-way radio communication. Has primary airport with a control tower.

Class A

Requires Mode 3/A 4096 transponder with Mode C. Federal airways are part of this airspace.

Class C

Requires Mode 3/A 4096 transponder with Mode C. Require two-way radio communication. Has primary airport with a control tower.

Class G Airspace

That portion of airspace not assigned Class A, B, C, D, or E. (3) Class E and G airspace. Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft to, from, through, or on an airport having an operational control tower unless two-way radio communications are maintained between that aircraft and the control tower. Communications must be established prior to 4 NM from the airport, up to and including 2,500 feet AGL (14 CFR §91.126/91.127). (4) Operating Requirements (14 CFR §91.155; 91.177; 91.179; AR 95-1, Table 5-1): (a) VFR. Basic VFR weather minimums; and on a flight plan or operations log (Flight plan/operations log for AR 95-1 only). (b) IFR. Except as necessary for takeoff or landing, at or above the minimum altitude for IFR operation; at an altitude in compliance with the IFR cruising altitude/flight level; and a flight plan or operations log filed.

MCA

The Minimum Crossing Altitudes (signified by a flagged X on IFR charts) is the lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA).

MOCA

The Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA) is the lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and [for aircraft using VOR for navigation] assures acceptable navigational coverage only within 22 NM of a VOR. Distance is based on the pilot's reasonable estimate.

What is the missed approach point (MAP) for the ILS approach? ________________________________

The point on the approach course where the height of the glide slope equals the DA/(H).

Under lost communication and cleared short of your destination, what are your actions upon arrival over your clearance limit with no expected further clearance (EFC) time? ____________________

Upon arrival over clearance limit, proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and commence descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated from the filed or amended (with ATC) estimated time en-route.

Takeoff and landing under IFR (§91.175(i)).

When operating on an unpublished route or while being radar vectored, the pilot, when an approach clearance is received, shall, in addition to complying with §91.177, maintain the last altitude assigned to that pilot until the aircraft is established on a segment of a published route or instrument approach procedure unless a different altitude is assigned by ATC. After the aircraft is so established, published altitudes apply to descent within each succeeding route or approach segment unless a different altitude is assigned by ATC."

Under what conditions may you continue the approach below the DA/(H)? _______ ______________________________________.

When the approach threshold of the runway, or the approach lights or other markings, identifiable with the approach end of the runway or landing area, are clearly visible to the pilot and the aircraft must be in a position from which a safe approach to the runway or landing area can be made.

Class B Airspace VFR Transition Routes

i. Defined as a specific flight course depicted on a TAC for transiting a specific Class B airspace. These routes include specific ATC assigned altitudes, and pilots must obtain an ATC clearance prior to entering Class B airspace on the route. ii. On initial contact, pilots should advise ATC of their position, altitude, route name desired, and direction of flight. After a clearance is received, pilots must fly the route as depicted and, most importantly, adhere to ATC instructions. Note: Transponder requirements apply within the Class B area, to include within 30NM of the airport (mode-C veil) from the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL; and above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of Class C, upward to 10,000 feet MSL (14 CFR §91.215).

Helicopter VFR weather minimum requirements, 1,200 ft or less above the surface (regardless of MSL) in class G airspace.

a) FAA Criteria (effective 22 April 2014): Day - ½ SM flight visibility and clear of clouds. Night - 1 SM flight visibility and clear of clouds. Exception- Notwithstanding criteria above, a helicopter may be operated clear of clouds in an airport traffic pattern within ½ mile of the runway or helipad of intended landing if the flight visibility is not less than ½ statute mile.

Special VFR weather minimums

a. Special VFR. "Special VFR operations may be conducted under the weather minimums and requirements of [91.157], instead of those contained in 91.155, below 10,000 feet MSL within the airspace contained by the upward extension of the lateral boundaries of the controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport" [§91.157(a)]. b. Special VFR operations may only be conducted: (1) With an ATC clearance: (2) Clear of clouds [§91.157(b)]. Note: 14 CFR §91.157 does not require a visibility for helicopters, however, the Army does. (3) AR 95-1 Chapter 5 (planning, departure, arrival), Army helicopter SVFR - Clear of clouds and 1/2 SM visibility (day or night), unless a higher minimum is required at the airfield.

Enter the special use airspace described in the space provided. (Military Operations Area, Prohibited Area, ect.) a. Airspace which may contain hazards to nonparticipating aircraft in international airspace_____________________________________. b. Designated airspace within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. ___________________________________________. c. Airspace designated under FAR Part 73, within which the flight of aircraft, while wholly prohibited, is subject to restrictions. ____________________________________________. d. Airspace which may contain a high volume of pilot training activities or an unusual type of aerial activity, neither of which is hazardous to aircraft. ________________________________. e. Airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established outside Class A airspace to separate/segregate certain military activities from IFR traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are conducted. __________________________________________. f. Routes of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established for the conduct of military flight training at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS. __________________________________________.

a. Warning Area b. Prohibited Area c. Restricted Area d. Alert Area e. Military Operations Area (MOA) f. Military Training Routes (MTR)

Fill in the standard takeoff minimums for the following qualifications: Helicopters with 50 hours (PC) of actual weather ________________________. Helicopters with less than 50 hours (PC) of actual weather _________________.

has no Army takeoff minimums. ceiling 100 feet and either visibility 1/4 mile, RVR 1200 feet or metric equivalent.

VFR Corriders CLASS B

i. The design of a few of the first Class B Airspace areas provided a corridor for the passage of uncontrolled traffic. A VFR corridor is defined as Airspace through Class B Airspace, with defined vertical and lateral boundaries, in which aircraft may operate without an ATC clearance or communication with air traffic control. ii. These corridors are, in effect, a "hole" through the Class B Airspace. A classic example would be the corridor through the Los Angeles Class B Airspace, which has been subsequently changed to Special Flight Rules airspace (SFR). Because of their finite lateral and vertical limits, and the volume of VFR traffic using a corridor, extreme caution and vigilance must be exercised.

(a) VFR Flyways in CLASS B

i. VFR Flyways and their associated Flyway Planning charts were developed from the recommendations of a National Airspace Review Task Group. A general flight path, not defined as a specific course, for use by pilots in planning flights into, out of, through or near complex terminal airspace to avoid Class B Airspace. An ATC clearance is NOT required to fly these routes. ii. VFR Flyways are depicted on the reverse side of some of the VFR Terminal Area Charts (TAC). Communications must be established and maintained between your aircraft and any control tower while transiting the Class B, C, and D surface areas of those airports under Class B Airspace.

Army Criteria: AR 95-1, Table 5-1

provides the same criteria as 14CFR §91.155 above, but without the ½ mile airport/heliport traffic pattern rule. The more restrictive 1 SM night minima (AR 95-1) applies.