REL 1350 Weaver Test 1

Heresy definition

Incorrect doctrine, bad belief

Who was the main opponent of Gnosticism

Irenaeus of Lyons (Student of Polycarp)

(Marcion) What was his Christology?

Didnt have to be Jew to be accepted by God (not Gnostic, but had Gnostic tendencies)

What was the Didache an example of, in terms of the canon?

"Good for reading - not Scripture" -disputed scripture

(Tertullian) What did he say about Athens and Jerusalem? And how did it relate to the Academy and the Church?

"What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem? What does the Academy have to do with the Church?" It means that the Church and state should be seperate

(Didache) Instructions on what aspects of Christian faith?

(Practical) Baptism, fasting, and the Lord's Prayer

What are the criteria for inclusion in the Canon?

-Apostolicity - does tradition say that it was written by the apostles? -Antiquity - Is it old? -Orthodoxy - consistant w/ what we know? -Practicality - can it be used in worship?

What were criticisms of Christianity and the Church basic responses?

-Cannabalism -Social aloofness -Political treason -Atheism

Who was Justin Martyr?

-First othodox writer to attempt an evaluation of Greek philosophy in Christian thought. -Said that Christianity is the only certain and true philosophy

What did Irenaeus say about the canon?

-Four-fold gospel -Orthodox church -4 winds and 4 corners of the earth

(Didache) False prophet guidelines

-If he stays more than 3 days -If he asks for money -If teachings dont match

(Didache) What does the author say about the whole yoke of the Lord?

-If you are able to endure the whole yoke of the Lord, then you are perfect -if you can't then try your best

(Irenaeus) How did Apostolic Succession work? And how did Irenaeus fit in to it?

-Important teachings were passed down from Jesus to apostles to their successors and Bishops -He was a student of Polycarp, who was an apostolic father

(Gnosticism) What is Docetism

-Jesus could not posses evil -He only appeared to be human -He didn't really suffer

(Justin Martyr) What is Inclusivism?

-Jesus is salvation, but it is possible to be saved without knowing Jesus given knowledge -Each person has a seed of logos

(Didache) Way of death way of living

-Lifestyles/jobs unacceptable for a christian -Murder -Abortion -Witchcraft -Schism

What were Marcion, Montanists, and the Gnostic's role in the canon?

-Marcion - his canon denied the use of several books -Gnostics - Produced other gospels -Montanists - expanded scripture with emphasis on new revelations --> unlimited scripture

(Gnosticism) Boundaries defined

-Orthodoxy is "in-bounds", Heresy is "out-of-bounds" -Salvation means the release of the spirit from its bondage in the body so it can become one with God -Because of knowledge that you are saved

(Didache) Baptism

-Running water, cold, or pour on head -Father, Son, and Holy Ghost -Adult baptism

Who was Tertullian?

-Said that Greek Philosophy is not needed, because it will pollute the Christians mind. -affirms the Rule of Faith - once you know something you don't need further info

(Didache) Way of Life way to live

-Share goods -The yoke of the Lord -Gratitude -Unity

(Gnosticism) Influential leaders

-Simon Magnus (mentioned in Acts) -Valintinus -Balisidas

Who was Marcion?

-made the 1st bible -started new churches because he was excluded from old one

(Marcion) What did his closed canon consist of?

11 books with edited gospel of Luke and Paul's epistles -Rejected the OT -erased Jewish elements

What year was the NT that we have established?

367 A.D. Athanasius of Alexandria wrote Easter letter that listed the 27 books that we use as the NT today (in order)

(Irenaeus) How did Irenaeus battle the Gnostics?

Against the heresies in their teachings

(Gnosticism) What did Gnosticism attempt to do?

Attempted to make elements of Christianity compatible to Greek culture and thought

(Montanism) Why did Bishops become more popular?

Because prophets began to speak in tongues (ecstatic speech)

What is the threefold method of biblical interpretation?

Body - Literal/historical Soul - Moral Spirit - Spiritual/allegorical Presented by Origen

What is the Apocrypha?

Books not included in the Christian scriptures, but Catholic

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Role of the brother

Brother is dead, and in a vision still suffering, but then Perpetua has a vision where the cup overflows, showing that her brother is no longer suffering

(Tertullian) What was Tertullian approach to culture?

Christ against culture

(Ignatius) View of docetism

Christ only seemed or appeared in the flesh.

What was the second approach to Christianity?

Christianity is compatible with the best of Greek culture

Apostolic Fathers connection to apostles

Claimed to be students of Jesus' followers/apostles

(Irenaeus) What are the 3 safeguards to the faith and how do they function?

Clergy -Apostle succession -Correct teachings were handed down Creed (short summaries of belief) -Rule of faith Canon -Sacred Writings -Irenaeus is first to appeal to NT writings

(Didache) Some characteristics of the "way of life and way of death"

Considered Scripture by some

What did the Edict of Milan do?

Constantine said that we should be tolerant of all religions. Made Christianity legal and gave back land to Christians 313 AD

(Montanism) What did they think about scripture?

Continuing revelation - they continued to write more scriptures

(Theology of Martyrdom) What did the letter of Pliny to Trajon say?

Don't seek out illegal Christians, but if they are proven guilty, punish accordingly (Christianity was illegal)

Who was the First and Second Apology addressed to?

Emperor Antenius Pious to educated Greeks

(Didache) Tells about means of testing what?

False Prophets

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Conditions of the women

Felicitas is pregnant Perpetua is breastfeeding

(Gnosticism) How do you gain salvation?

Gnosis (knowledge) = salvation = release of spirit and its bondage in the body so it can become one with God

(Gnosticism) What is the view of the Scriptures?

God spoke through NT writings and other writings (Gospel of Judas) that Jesus only revealed to Gnostics

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Role of child

God took away the problem of breastfeeding

(Gnosticism) Who/What is Pleroma?

God, whose unity was broken by a cosmic "fall"

(Theology of Martyrdom) What did Ignatius think of martyrdom for himself?

He desired to be a martyr, and asked his friends not to save him. "He is God's wheat..."

(Gnosticism) What is the role and concept of Jesus?

He is the redeemer - He brings knowledge that gives freedom to the Holy Spirit -Jesus is docetic

(Marcion) What was his use of Paul and attitude towards Paul?

He used alot of Paul because Paul had the same belief as Jesus

What was unique about the martyrdom of Polycarp?

He was "burned" but did not burn

(Justin Martyr) What was the manner of his death?

He was martyred under Marcus Aurelius

(Irenaeus) What is the definition of recapitulation? How does it relate to incarnation? Who is the Second Adam?

Jesus Christ, son of God, comes in flesh to lead humanity back to God. -early attempt to explain why you need Jesus in your life

(Justin Martyr) What is logos?

Known as rational principle that gives order to the universe Justin thought Jesus Christ was logos

What was Ignatius of Antioch mainly known for?

Known for the 7 epistles he wrote

How did they read the OT?

Marcion - Has nothing to do with Christianity Gnostics - Its allegorical and connected it to the Demiuge Christians - three-fold method

(Ignatius) View of Eucharist

Means communion; Real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist/ medium of immortality

(Monasticism) Who was Simeon Stylite

Monk who talked about chance and holy "perspiration" -built a pillar and lived on top

(Montanism) Who were the leaders of Montanism?

Montanus, Prisca, Maximilla

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Where are they from?

North Africa - Carthage

(Marcion) What was his dualism?

Sees 2 Gods - 1. Bad God of OT 2. Good God of NT

What is Biblical/cultural seperatism?

Separation from world, Christianity opposes culture approach

(Theology of Martyrdom) Meaning of the term martyrdom

Someone who dies for their faith

Who was part of early monasticism?

St. Anthony (monks)

Orthodoxy definition

Teaching of right beliefs, "correct doctrine"

Didache meaning

Teachings of the twelve Apostles

What did Tatian write?

The Diatessaron which was a harmony of the 4 gospels ,Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

(Justin Martyr) What was his use of logos?

The Greeks philosophy was on the right path, but logos is actually Christ

(Montanism) What is Pepuza?

The city-town that Prisca prophesized Jesus coming back to in female form.

(Monasticism) Who was St. Anthony?

The founder of the monks, hermit in the desert

Definition of Apostolic Fathers

The generation after the New Testament era; leaders

(Ignatius) Monarchial episcopate

The growing role of one ruling bishop

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Role of the pitcher

The pitcher is made to hold water, that's what it does, Christians are meant to not deny their faith, that's what they do.

(Didache) What is the Didache's other title?

The teachings of the Twelve Apostles

(Irenaeus) How did the Apostles Creed refute gnostic beliefs?

The wording that it uses make sure to go against the beliefs of gnostics

(Gnosticism) Dualism teaching

The world is evil; the soul is good, but it is trapped in the body

Ecclesiology definition

Theological study of the Christian church and martyrdom

Apologies were addressed to whom?

They were "open letters" addressed to the Emperor

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Summary of story

They were persecuted for Christianity even though all they had to say was that God was not God, Felicitas was pregnant. Perp did not have to breastfeed anymore and therefore took it as a sign from God that she was supposed to die for her faith.

(Gnosticism) Basic Defenition of Gnosis

To know - A secret divine knowledge - Salvation achieved through gnosis

What was the Latin Vulgate?

Transition from Greek based language to a Latin based Bible

(Perpetua and Felicitas) Role of Father

Tries to get here to deny her faith

(Ignatius) Use of the word catholic

Was the first person to use catholic to refer to the church

What is Progressive Revelation?

Where montanists or others believe that scripture is not over, that there could be new scripture written

(Gnosticism) Who/What is the Demiurge?

Yaweh of the Old Testament - creator of the imperfect world

What is the definition of an apologist?

a person in formal defense of faith (mostly against pagans, targeted at educational Greek)

(Montanism) What is New Prophecy? (Ecstatic speech)

prophesizing in languages people cannot understand (tongues)

(Tertullian) "The blood of the martyrs is...

the seed of the Church"