renaissance to modern art final exam

avant-garde

"looking ahead" -unconvientional -counter intuitive -year 1974 -bourgeois -aspirational they want more money more wealth nicer life -if you are avant-garde you are critical of bourgeois aspirations

joshua Reynolds, Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, 1765 . Oil on canvas, 7'10" x 5'

--lady sarah that personifies female beauty indicates a large scale classical, mythological painting intended for aristocratic residences

significant comments

- delequas painting which shows an allegorical figure representing liberty leading people of multiple class backgrounds dressed in specific styles, which indicates people coming together to fight for french freedom. the________(thing in this picture, or feature of this object) that ___is doing(does a certain thing or looks a certain way)________ indicates___ (some feature of the culture or historical context) something about historical content________

El Anatsui, Flag for a New World Power, 2004 bottle caps and copper wire

-- the bottle caps and recycled objects that create the flag make a political statement that indicates the audience to consider if a unified world will be made from our ruined or our commitment to overcome humanities own destructive impulses

Eyema-O-Byeri (Reliquary Figure), Gabon. Fang, mid-late 19thcentury . Wood, metal, and shell

-- the detailed carving that creates a recognizable form indicates a point of contact for ancestral support and represents a guardian protecting the relics from malevolent spirit forces

kente cloth, Asante, c. 1980. Rayon 10' 3 1/2'' x 7' 1 1/2''

---the gold thread woven throughout the kente cloth show off the gold reserves in Ghana and west africa but also indicates the most wealthy and privileged wearers would have the kente cloth --the colorful patterns on this kente cloth are the results of decades of modernization which is a key feature of African textiles

Arshile Gorky, Garden in Socchi, c. 1943. Oil on canvas, 31 x 39 inches

--the abstract forms that thread ideal images of his fathers garden in Khhorhom indicates the trauma of Gorky's losses that fills his surrealist paintings

house compound in sirigu, Ghana. Nankin,1972

--the adobe material used that prevents windows and allows multiple layers for sculpting and painting the exterior homes. the ancient designs and symbols on the homes shows how the nankani and Ghanaians were looking for ways to celebrate their own history.

Louis Daguerre, The Artist's Studio, 1837. Daguerrotype, 6 ½x 8 ½

--the collaboration of sculpture, painting, and photography that shows involvement of recognized art forms, indicates Daguerre arguing photography was in itself an art form even if not considered to be at the time

*30-15A) Richard Boyle (Lord Burlington), Exterior view of Chiswick House, 1724-1729. West London, England

--the design of the home that elevates the building and highlights the symmetry indicates the influence of British Neo- Palladianism

Joan Miro, Composition, 1933

--the doodled figures that free the viewers mind from rationality, indicates Miro's fascination with children art, which he admired as spontaneous and expressive

J.M.W. Turner, the slave ship, oil on canvas 1840

--the fragmented body parts depicting the massacre that occurred on the british ship Zong, indicates the propaganda used at the british Anti- slavery conference

Joseph Wright of Derby, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump, 1768 . Oil on canvas, 6 x 8'

--the gestures around the air pump that represent a scientific innovation of his time indicates an enlightenment fascination with drama and romance of science

Olafur Eliason, The Weather Project, 2004. Installation, Turbine Hall, Tate Modern, London

--the large mirrors, fog mist and bright reflecting light illuminated the hall that created the illusion of a rising sun drawing in large crowds in awe of his accuracy. this indicates his notion that weather is one of the few ways that city dwellers interact with nature.

Eva Hesse, No Title, 1969-70

--the latex, polyester resin and fiberglass that she used to create a translucent effect was much different than the typical surfaces of minimalism. this indicates her adaption in the vocabulary of abstraction in sculptures that showcase both process and tactility.

Bruce Nauman, Self-Portrait as a Fountain, 1966-67

--the pose and action of spitting water, documents a physical transformation into a fountain and resembles a traditional nude sculpture. This indicates Nauman's desire to use humor and investigate challenging conceptual issues.

Giovanni Battista Piranesi, View of the Pantheon, Rome . From the Views of Romeseries , first printed in 1756. Etching, 18 9/16 x 27 1/8 inches

--the small figures and dramatic clouds that surround the building and accentuate pantheon indicate a deep study in Roman architecture

Nkisi Nkonde, Kongo Culture, 19th century,Democratic Republic of Congo

--the teeth of the Nkisi Nkonde that are filed sharply indicates someones important status and draws attention to the speakers mouth emphasizing the power of the words being spoken

Baya, Femme au panier et coq rouge,(Woman with a basket and a red rooster), 1947 ; Gouache on board 28 11⁄16 x 36 in. (in handout on GeorgiaVIEW)

--the vibrant figures that elude to feminine qualities in the poses and detailed designs indicate the 16 yr olds depiction of a life without men

historical context

-AIDS crisis began 1981 -fall of berlin wall end of communism 1989-1992 -millennium -9/11 -mass shootings -ISIS and islamic terrorism -first black president US 2008 -space race

Ximena Cuevas, Contemporary Artist, 1999

-Cuevas is obsessed with the micro movements of daily life, with the border between truth and fiction, with the "impossibility" of reality. Her work relentlessly seeks out the layers of lies covering the everyday representations of reality and systematically explores the fictions of national identity and gender. It redefines the meaning of documentary. --the documentary explores the line between truth and fiction with the intention of redefining reality. this indicates her desire to seek out layers of lies that cover everyday representations of reality.

Francisco Goya, Third of May,1808, 1814

-Goya's painting reveals the fear and suffering of the Spanish, while Napoleon's troops show no mercy --the man wearing clean white clothes representing jesus, is a martyr of the town. His arms spread in a V calling for peace, indicates Napoleon's troops showing no mercy to the spaniards

Dan Graham, Rock My Religion, 1985-1986

-Graham focuses on the social and sexual origins and implications of rock and roll, and his historical reconstruction provides a framework for the interpretation of the rituals of rock and punk culture as forms of religious practice. -The opening soundtrack layers and alternates between Graham's voice telling the story of Ann Lee, the Shaker who believed she was the second coming of Christ --the introduction that layers a voice storytelling Ann Lee and Punk rock music indicates Graham's focus on the interpretation of the rituals of rock and punk culture as forms of religious practice.

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830

-July revolution of 1830 painted as it is happening and immediate aftermath -liberty taking the forefront of the image, man in the top hat shows his class background because of his dressing, the man behind him is lower class based by his outfits -people of two different class backgrounds indicated the July revolution of 1830 is for everyone to overthrow King Charles people arming themselves and going up against soldiers --delequas painting which shows an allegorical figure representing liberty leading people of multiple class backgrounds dressed in specific styles, which indicates people coming together to fight for french freedom.

themes: constructivism surrealism

-reaching away from things of the elite and getting back to the base of workers where everyone can and should make things -usefulness rather than esthetics -womens suffrage picks up steam so related to ideas of gender -creating new ideas in the world -creating thought on why people are connecting with the artwork -things you can not help imagining -psychoanalysis-the things we can't help thinking

Eugène Delacroix, Women of Algiers in their Apartment,1834, Oil on canvas, 180 × 229cm

-The Women of Algiers caused a sensation when it was displayed at the Paris Salon on 1834. Not only was it mentionable at the time for its sexual connotations, but also for the portrayal of opium, which at the time was only included of paintings of prostitutes -- the dress of the women and the portrayal of opium that defines these women as prostitutes, indicates a sexual connotation that made it mentionable at the Paris Salon in 1834.

Postmodernism

-a culture of quotations -cant really do anything original all that we are is basically a patchwork of past ideologies that we have formed as a self -Pastiche: overly imitating the style of other works, other artists -eliminating the line between high are and low art -art= product -motive was introduced in 1968 writing in the 70s and 80ss but writing about their memories from when they were in college -making a work of art and saying this looks familiar to me because I'm apart of this culture a little bit -asks you to deconstruct your assumptions about the world

The Dada Wall in Room 3 of the "Degenerate Art" Exhibition, Munich, 1937

-as a form of propaganda this exhibition tours Germany -by seeing this exhibition you were supposed to go and make a mockery at the current styles of art -art as degenerate, most important cultural event in Nazi Germany - if you created modern art you were considered jewish and racially inferior because you couldn't see colors the right way -turning german public away from vital forms of creativity in Germany -aimed to purify people that we all come from racial origin --the mockery of modern art throughout this exhibition,described avant garde modernism as sick and degraded, indicating the turn of the German public from vital forms of creativity in Germany.

william fox henry talbot open door before may 1844 salted paper print fro paper negative

-broom oil lantern that is vertical and diagonal geometry in play -shadow on the door and the broom are in parallel lines -he refers to photography as a type of painting -a romantic notion that the artists imagination turns it into something much bigger -hes making a place for photography in the history of art --the formation of vertical and diagonal objects that create a romantic notion of the artist using imagination to turn an object into something entirely different, indicates talbot referring to photography as a form of painting.

Martha Rosler, Semiotics of the Kitchen, 1975

-built around a single zoom out at the end -fixed camera and a zoom out at the end -each item labeled and physically explained -seems like a mocker, could they really be serious -the way the kitchen utensils are alphabetized and the passive aggressive manner towards these objects that critiques gender roles indicates the mockery of being a female this is common law --the organization of these kitchen implements shows a feminist critique that was gaining ground in the 70s asking questions about where women belong and what they know

claude monet, Rouen Cathedral, West Facade, sunlight, 1894. oil on canvas, 39

-composition is doctored and calculated -the color pallet -hes obsessed with light and he highlights shadows and shade -he wants to know what the facade looks like at each stage of lighting variations of one thing from moment to moment -gives birth to modern abstract painting -- the doctored composition that presents the facade at each stage of lighting from moment to moment indicates how Monet gives birth to the modern abstract painting

Theodore Gericault, Raft of the Medusa, oil on canvas 1818-1819

-depicts a moment of the aftermath of the french naval frigate. -people in desperation trapped -the people finally catch sight of a rescue ship and all the people are dying they finally see some hope -figures stacked in triangular shape -gericault very focused in exploring emotional range in hospital morgues -the facial expressions in the peoples faces in desperation mimic the people he studied in morgues -- the expression on the figures faces and bodies that are stacked in a triangular form indicate a moment of desperation depicted after the french naval frigate

historical context 1960s and 70s

-european countries recovering -chili brazil military is gaining strength -artist being challenged to negotiate strict restrictions -feminist movement ( the personal is political) -dance and experimental theatre

El Lissitsky, prounenraum Proun Space, 1923. created for the Great Berlin Art Exhibition, 1923, reconstructed 1971

-impitimy of the Russian constructionist movement - proun room (project for the affirmation of the new) -highpoint of Russian avant garde in society -art to make positive contribution to society -not imaginative but a concrete place in the world - 3 dimensional way of lissitsky depicting the world the way you can find multiple orientations of the artwork --The artworks created for the specific site were arranged to create a total environment. this installation personifies the impitimy of the Russian constructionist movement.

william henry fox talbot, the oriel window, South Gallery, Lacock Abbey, probably 1835. photogenic drawing negative. Sheet

-late 30s early 40s publishes a book about his techniques -salt prints -contingent on the use light --the panels of the window that show how Talbot is contingent on the use of light, draw the viewers into the darkness behind the window. This indicates early photography techniques of static imagery as the focus.

Francis Bacon, Figure with Meat, 1954. Oil on canvas, 50 ¾x 48 inches.

-living in post war mess Britain has become -the us pays to feed great Britain as the marshes plan -emasculating that they can't provide for themselves and they have to rely on help -pork mutton probably not beef figures -the forms are not solid you can look through the figure -not necessarily enough info in the picture to give you a concrete idea of physical forms -no one trusts that you can paint the truth or beauty -the person is a bishop that is siting blacked out of history and an active subject in the world --the hollow man screaming alludes the audience to believe he has suffered great turmoil with pork muttons tanning his every angle. this indicates the emasculation of relying on the marshes plan to feed their families

test help

-medium is not required just helpful -use book as guide for dates - comparative essay that you create

Picasso, Guernica, 1937. oil on canvas ****displayed to millions of visitors at the Paris World's Fair, May 1937-November 1937

-most closely related to modern art -enormous canvas -fasciest govt wins and teams up with hitler -paris govt asked him to make this for the worlds fair an exhibition put on by the govt. like cochlea big festival where all countries show off how they are progressing -act of aggression in Guernica that he resents he decides to paint the pic of representation of what went on when the bombs went off and total chaos that is going on -black and white directs us to its expression -he had a well vocabulary for intense images based on his upbringing -- the deconstructed unique figures that employ a sense of despair, indicate picasso's approach at tackling a horrific German bombing, attacking the town of Guernica

David Wojnarowicz, Untitled (Hands),1992. Silver print with silkscreened text, 38 x 26"

-moved to new york city in the eighties -died of aids -overlays abstract images of scary things -shortly after his diagnosis with aids -hes mobilizing his inner life against and around other culture --the overlapping of image and words, publicly announces a pain and exacts a message being portrayed. this indicates him mobilizing his inner life against and around other culture.

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907-1909. Oil on canvas, 96 x 92 inches.

-musch later painting -picasso was at a low point with two depressed family members he's moved to Paris and entered Avant guard culture -gives women unusual facial features drawn from African masks he's drawn from the museum -the women look pointy and when you paint women available for the sex trade you paint them where they look available for touching and they look painful -taken from the masks, sense of portability --The women's figures, derived from African masks that are unusually rough around the edges, indicates an image inspired by a mask has a sense of portability

Chris Ofili, Holy Virgin Mary, 1996 acrylic oil polyester resin paper collage glitter map pins and elephant dun on canvas

-part of a set of artist in great Britain -she has a halo that radiates a corona -she's dressed in blue that starts in a Byzantine culture -he has combined the picture of virgin Mary with images of butts they are cutouts of porn magazines - combining cultures -- the elephant dung that reinforces the black madonnas connection to the art and religion of Zimbabwe and to represent her fertility. this showcases Ofili's intention of designing a bicultural reinvention of the western modern tradition.

Tarsila do Amaral, The One Who Eats (Abaporu),1928. Oil on canvas, 34 x 29".

-part of the abate grade scene in Brazil right before world war II breaks out -she's born in Brazil and born into money which is important because you go to school then to Paris -she finds that people are intrigued she's brazilian so as a reaction she starts making pictures that exaggerate things from her country -Indigenismo -people pay more attention to brazils communist history she purposefully enhances her primitive painting -shes asking complicated questions about brazils history -- the exaggerated human form that depicts this nude form awkwardly enhances the body parts and indicates a response to Amarals time in Paris

Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, February 1936. gelatin-silver print

-photographer in 1930s signs up through works progress administration designed to alleviate pain of no jobs - artists were apart of this program that just put artist to work if you were in the government jobs you had to draw out the most important components for your work -this one woman represented all of the impoverished workers she took multiple photos to get migrant mother -actually staged it is a constant stage of performance --the photograph is carefully zoomed into the mothers expression, that accentuates the photograph for maximum emotional impact. this indicates the poverty suffered by thousands of migrant workers in California.

in what ways do these two images touch on political issues? picasso and the dada wall

-picasso is speaking on innocent people being destroyed in guernica fighting against the fassiests gesture from artist against his own government against collaboration between the Nazis -gesture from the government against its own artists profession of this artwork is wrong notion that govt would work so hard and try to hold back on this type of art that would take your govt in wrong direction

Julia Margaret Cameron, Portrait of Thomas Carlyle, 1867 silver print

-plays around with how an important person should be depicted -kind of blurry and she does that on purpose avantgaurd uses of photography -sitter is impermanent because --the blurred lines that explore the way an important person should be depicted, indicates a purposeful use of avantgaurd photography

Pierre Auguste Renoir, Odalisque, 1870. Oil on canvas, 27 1/4 x 48 1/4 in.(National Gallery website)

-pornographic painting -much more orientalised painting -beautiful lush patterns and carpets with headpiece -differences of the other odalisque -- renoir has more color, she looks more exotic exciting, ornateness attached to wealth, she looks mesmerized and drugged a bit, --the beautiful lush patterns and ornamented dress that make this an orientalize painting, indicates the exotic ornateness as an odalisque, derived from Harem tradition

Édouard Manet, Olympia , oil/canvas, 1863

-realist painter -he makes a big splash because his paintings get rejected by the salon -his stands out as most shocking of its time the girl is a sex worker of her time -she's wearing shoes and jewelry gifts from men but gives the idea that she's ready at all times for a suitor to come -she only looks more naked when she's wearing accessories only -wearing one shoe because she either just answered the door or is about to go answer the door -cat signifies infidelity -flowers are delivered from a client -she's not painted in stylized skin colors she has a flat jaundice color -shes looking directly at the viewer she doesn't have anything to be ashamed of -changed the history of a nude that a nude woman would look at someone who would say no -- the woman laid out on the bed is wearing jewelry gifted to her by men that gives off the allusion she is always prepared for a suitor. this indicates Manet creating the most shocking image of a prostitute in her time. his work was not accepted at the salon.

Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm (number 30)',1950. Enamel paint on canvas,8' 9" x 17' 3"

-represents Existentialism -he is showing us that he doesn't know whats going to happen -"painting has life of its own. I like to let it live." --the intentional paint splatters that are done in unique materials other than a brush, indicate Pollocks desire to have a painting live on its own without expectations of what is going to happen.

Nam June Paik and Charlotte Moorman, TV Bra for Living Performance, 1969

-she does these works because she finds them exciting -elaborates on concentration and expansion -a persons surrounding affect the way the person reacts in a relationship -who you are is determined by your relationship to the media around you -physically uncomfortable bra -bra out of screens whats surrounding us is effecting us -her talent of playing cello is in competition with the nudity and the screen -impulse behind this was to strip away oppressive operation of how people look at women -confuse people a naked lady is not giving it out in public trying to brand what you would get out of a computer screen, a classical performance --the physically uncomfortable bra forces the audience to determine their relationship with the media around them in the presence of vulnerability. This indicates a stripping of oppressive operation placed on women and challenges the audience to focus on her talent of the cello , in competition with the nudity

Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939. Oil on canvas, 5' 8 ½" x 5' 8 ½".

-she is an incredibly vivacious force in mexican art -her husband cheats on her and abuses her so during her life she is not taken seriously -she suffered from a lot of pain mentally and physically -her disability becomes an ascetic advantage -two people represent two types of her personality she faces a version on herself dressed much more casual but on this half she has a full vivacious heart -these are all symbols of her more well behaved side of her personality but her insides are miserable and suffering --the two hearts in their chests that allow one heart to beat through sacrifice of the other indicates the pain kahlo suffered and the outward appearance she must present

Kara Walker, Darkytown Rebellion, 2001 silhouettes

-slavery slavery presenting a grand panoramic journey into picturesque southern slavery or "life at OI virginnys hole (sketches from plantation life) see the peculiar institution as never before! all cut from black paper -paneramas were intense art form 18th and 19th century virtual reality -walk into yourself like being apart of a movie --The interaction with the art form presents a grand panoramic journey into picturesque southern slavery. This indicates the rise of panoramas as an intense art form in the 18th and 19th century

edgar Degas, the rehearsal of the ballet onstage, c. 1874. oil colors mixed with turpentine, with traces of watercolor and pastel over pen-and-ink drawing on cream-colored wove paper, laid down on bristol board and mounted on canvas

-son of a notary -notorious for scenes of people doing things where they don't think they are noticed -ballet popular entertainment form that became sexualized -ballet dancers are not well paid so they did date and sleep for money -masaganistic way of displaying women backs -capturing people in moments of vulnerability -viewer in the orchestra pit another sexualized stance because when the dancers start dancing they are getting upstart shots -people are painted clean the background brushstrokes are messy makes a very much in the moment idea of rehearsal --the ballerinas that are captured in a moment of vulnerability, unaware of anyone watching the rehearsal, indicates Degas masaganistic display of sexualizing women in the 1800s.

MeretOppenheim, Object (luncheon in fur), 1936 fur covered cup diameter 4 3/8" saucer 9 1/2"

-surrealist movement after world war I -shear lack of reason that underpins society -she was one of the few women involved in this movement -making critiques on the way women are made to behave in modern society -against women that you have to control your own body hair a woman in society manages her body hair --the animal fur that critiques the way women are made to behave in modern society, indicates the removal of two objects from their reality and recontextualizes them in an irrational new surreality

*test question about raft of the medusa

-the medusa wrecked off coast of Mauritania (Africa) -captian, elite left on lifeboats -15 survived -saved by the Argus, sister ship of Medusa -Huge political scandal

Willem de Kooning, Woman I,1950-52. Oil oncanvas, 75 7/8 x 58 inches.

-the woman who appears to many as hostile and powerfully sexual, showcases women as a composite of stereotypes taken from media and film. this indicates his exploration through figuration and abstraction of exact dimensions.

orientalism

-trying to understand other cultures -exaggerating the vision of the middle east or far east (Aladdin) -kind of a fantasy in the western imagination it is an idea that has a history and a tradition of thought

cold war

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

31-51) Joseph Paxton, The Crystal Palace, 1850-51

-was a remarkable construction of prefabricated parts. It consisted of an intricate network of slender iron rods sustaining walls of clear glass. the Crystal Palace was a remarkable construction that consisted of an intricate network of iron rods sustaining walls of clear glass. This indicates how an architectural standard for later international fairs and exhibitions was established.

historical context

-world war I, 1914-1918 -the great depression, 1929-1939 -spanish civil war, 1936-1939 -the rise of fascism in Europe, 1930s

historical context

1830- france captures Algeria 1854- Japan opened to trade with forgiven nations (u.s and Europe) 1912- France captures Morocco

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason -more can be produced in the imagination -not just what is there but what you can imagine is there

modern

20s and 30s up to the 50s -geometric shape architecture -reductive color schemes -modern as a style -unity vs. fragmentation -non naturalistic (formal and color) - art of the western world was mostly about how things SHOULD be how COULD things be otherwise? -taboo subject/ freeing the mind -politics connection: culturally relatable everyone is effected

Wunderkammer

A German word meaning "chamber of wonders," denoting private collections, precursors to modern museums, where artworks, treasures, and items from the natural world were on display

Existentialism

A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions -jean-paul Sarte and simone de Beauvoir -the individual is a free and responsible agent -your freedom means you are responsible for everyone around you -it accepts failure on a mass scale -we don't know whats gonna happen but we know we must act

Caspar David, Abbey in an oak forest, 1809-1810. oil on canvas

Abbey is supposed to be a home for nuns -there are small figures in the shadow -all dead trees -one tiny sliver of moon -earth shadow over the moon indicates how the moon works and seals in the sense of lack of knowing approaching a scene and not being able to grasp certainty --the shadow that overtakes the image indicates how the moon works and seals in a sense of a lack of knowing

comparative essays

Ana Mendieta, from the 'Tree of Life' series, 1977 and Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907-1909. Oil on canvas, 96 x 92 inches. --talk about comparison and conception of the body both have a body and background with similar textures the bodies and context and blended together in a distinctive way. the bodies are splayed out and vurnuarable and the tree of life the body is made to be not sexy vurnurablility. picassos mesmerizes or frightens the viewer is not as empowered vs. ana as part of the body art movement in the US she is experimenting with what happens when the body in the picture is the artists body chosen how detailed and rich the comparison is

McCarthyism

The act of accusing people of disloyalty and communism

Andres Serrano, Piss Christ, 1987

a picture of the crucifix submerged in human ruin and then with orange glaze above it -intense use of depth and color -sister wendy something about it notes the state of theology and catabolism symbol of our lack of faith in Christ --the body functions highlight the tension between the image. this process indicates the debates formed when taxpayers money is contributed to public work found to be obscene

Salon

a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment. very exclusive about who could get in

material culture

all art is material culture but all material culture is not art -to tap into a cultural perspective that is unfamiliar to you, start by using your senses

faktura

attention to the way an object is made, instead of how decorative/ornate in looks (art as laboratory experiment) -if you're interested in faktura you're not going in a fur coat to the opra your putting on overalls and going to work -related to Russian constructionalism

History Painting

based on historical, mythological, or biblical narratives, and conveyed high moral/intellectual idea

Ana Mendieta, from the 'Tree of Life' series, 1977

body art -the body is vulnerable and so is the earth -born in cuba late forties early fifties and she emigrates to the US via peter pan for children escaping Castro - her work is about the way people perceive different bodies out in the world and the vurnurablitly of the body -exploring the theme of violence exploring the limits on ones body and placing that with what is socially acceptable - theme developing about physical vurnurablility - she's assuming the position of the tree -effort to understand the human body as something inside nature just as vurnuarable and outside of nature as well -encourages a since of being continuous in nature --the artist covered in mud and tree bark, explores the way people perceive the body in the world and the vulnerability of the body. this indicates her exploration on the limits of what is socially acceptable in distorting the human form.

Marshal Plan

food aid that helps europe recover after world war II

Carolee Schneemann, Meat Joy, 1964 performed the festival of free expression in Paris. Group choreography, raw meat

happenings/ performance art(process art) -we can learn the most about a work of art by looking at how it was made -she lives in a big abandoned loft she wants to involve her own body in the process of painting paintings -she photographs herself in the landscape she sets up -a celebration of flesh as a material -an erotic rite a part of the sexual revolution -- the figures that are covered in meat engage with one another to create the body in performance art. this indicates using the body as an erotic rite, a part of the sexual revolution.

History of Photography

history of science -Johnan (took pic of on phone) -photography is pioneered in 1839 in a bunch of places not just france -took static images things that would not move -earliest uses was for a photographer to fake his own death

contemporaneity

instead of extreme focus on the past the art forms are made for the present -relationship to the now

Abstraction

instead of making identical things around us create abstract pieces to describe ethics through abstract patterns used to express principles that in the north west they would use figures for

Realism

is only relevant to the historical movement in France in the 19th century

material culture

jules brown is what material culture is and why this is an important essay there is an article on this - great for sculpture or commentary

ACT UP

organization set up to draw attention to AIDS and the gay community trying to raise awareness -pink triangle because anyone outed as a homosexual had to wear a pink triangle stigmatizing sign that was used to public talk about and desigmitized

what makes african art distinct

participation, contemporaneity abstraction, lineage

Yves Klein, Anthropometries of the Blue Period, 1960. blue pigment and synthetic resin on paper laid down on canvas

performance art -the body is an instrument for doing beautiful things -Yves realizes hes in this cultural moment and makes work about the instruments we have at our disposal making their mark on the world as beautifully as possible -title means register of the human -the paintings happened in front of audiences he hires symphonies to play and he has an audience come and watch them print the fronts and the sides of their bodies -he explained how he was trying to use live bodies to paint in a way where the painting is truly alive --the blue designs that capture the human body as an instrument for beautiful things, indicates the notion of creating performance art from the instruments we have at our disposal allowing them to make a mark on the world in a beautiful way.

Helio Oiticica, Tropicalia, 1966-67 installation consisting of two penetrable

performance art -the body is part of a bigger social system - he was born in brazil and brazilian modernism was gaining steam -he was alienated from his environment he was a transvestite in Rio and he lived in broke down neighborhoods called Favelas -brazilian military is gaining steam and they are cracking down on crime in the Favelas -after witnessing public beatdowns he activates his art based on these abstract experiences -made for walking into - costumes were designed to bring the people out into the scene -represented the Favelas into the gallery -he makes costumes and invites people from the favelas into the installations to perform in the gallery -about taking abstract form and taking them into new parameters where people can live -the division of the installation creates space for the audience to interact with the culture of the favelas. this showcases his design for taking the abstract form and taking them in new parameters where people can live.

notion of forgiven notion of other notion of strange

picaços bodas being pointy and unreliable to the human figure on the outside. Manats painting of the nude woman looking directly at us that was strange for this time period. orientalism- foreign costumes and exotic fantasies of life in other continents might look like

Odalisque

picture derived from harem tradition for sex -used in french painting to comply ideas of a sexual worker

Salon paintings

portraiture painting was lower on the totem pole and landscapes were less momentous and worthy of exhibition at the salon -if your painting couldn't get in you couldn't put it anywhere else

lineage

sculptures show physical qualities of older people and children they are all combining who your ancestors are is a determining factor in who you are

Indigenismo

speaking of the idea a person would make art that is from their indigenous character

gustave courbet, a burial at ornans, 1849-50. oil on canvas

the artist job is to depict whats happening in the now -country funeral of his great uncles funeral -they are carrying a coffin -the person kneeling gets the most attention but he is the grave digger -in realism if we are looking at the world under a realist framework it is not just kings queens who are worthy of attention workers are worth paying attention to -- the grave digger that is kneeling receives the most attention by the audience, which indicates looking at the world under a realist framework where workers are also worthy of attention

Semiotics

the study of signs and symbols -linguistic theory based on signs -signified is the stop sign the signifier is the word stop

sowei mask from the district, 1880-1886. Mende. wood, pigment, and raffia fiber; 16.9 inches high

women perform and work through changing stages of her life -- the high forehead and refined facial features that represents the ideal female beauty for the mende, temp, via, and kpelle peoples indicates the welcoming of a new generation of women into the society and honors the ancestors of the past.