reproduction

mennorrhagia

excessive bleeding during menstrual period related to endocrine problems/ levels

The nurse is providing client education to a 45-year-old female who asks how she can be certain that she has reached menopause. How should the nurse respond?

"Menopause is likely if you have not menstruated for 12 months."

PID s/s

-Abdominal pain and tenderness -Vaginal and cervical tenderness -Fever -Elevated WBC count -Purulent vaginal discharge -Painful intercourse

ages 21-29 how often should a pap smear be done

3 years

when should healthy women get a mammogram

45

optimal time to perform BSE

5-7 days after first day of menses

During an internal vaginal examination, the nurse practitioner notes a frothy and malodorous discharge. The nurse suspects the odor is caused by which bacteria?

Trichomonas

While caring for a patient who is treated for severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the nurse insists on keeping her in a semisitting position. Which of the following is correct rationale for this positioning?

Facilitation of pelvic drainage and minimize the upward extension of infection

Candidiasis tx

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

The nurse is assessing an older adult who has not seen their physician in 2 years. The nurse is assisting the patient into a gown and notices that the patient has edema and pitting of the skin on the right breast. What does the nurse understand is the significance of this finding?

It may result from a neoplasm blocking lymphatic drainage, indicating advanced breast cancer.

Trichomoniasis tx

Metronidazole

Which drug is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) tx

Metronidazole (Flagyl) clindamycin

A nurse is examining a client's breasts. Which of the following would alert the nurse to a possible problem? Select all that apply.

Prominent venous pattern Pitting of the breast skin Nipple retraction with position changes Spontaneous nipple discharge

Cystocele

a downward displacement of the bladder toward the vaginal orifice from damage to the anterior vaginal support structures. It usually results from injury and strain during childbirth. The condition usually appears years later when genital atrophy associated with aging occurs, but younger women who are multiparous and premenopausal may also be affected.

Risk factors for breast cancer include

an early menarche (before 12 years), nulliparity, late age at first full-term pregnancy, and an alcohol intake of 2 to 5 drinks daily

herpes tx

antiviral agents acyclovir (zovirax), valacyclovir (valtrex), and famciclovir (famvir) can suppress symptoms

leiomyoma

benign tumor of smooth muscle

metrorrhagia

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

A nurse is describing the advantages and disadvantages associated with tamoxifen therapy as a means of breast cancer prevention. The nurse would identify that the drug has a beneficial effect on which of the following?

bone mineral density

PID tx

ceftriaxone + doxycycline broad spectrum abx

long standing nipple inversion

considered normal

Paget Disease (Malignancy of Mammary Ducts)

early signs: erythema of nipple and areola late signs: thickening, scaling and erosion of the nipple and areola.

Fibroadenoma

firm, round, movable, benign tumors. They can occur from puberty to menopause with a peak incidence at 30 years of age. These masses are nontender and are sometimes biopsied or removed for definitive diagnosis.

bacterial vaginosis

fishy odor, thin white-grey vaginal discharge often noticed after intercourse

Culture of client's vaginal discharge reveals Gardnerella vaginalis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess?

fishy smelling watery discharge

progesterone

hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for receiving the fertilized ovum

LH (luteinizing hormone)

hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates progesterone production

FSH

hormone released by the pituitary gland to stimulate estrogen production and ovulation

Trichomonas vaginalis

irritation, odor copious frothy yellow green discharge

enterocele

is a protrusion of the intestinal wall into the vagina. Prolapse results from a weakening of the support structures of the uterus itself; the cervix drops and may protrude from the vagina. If complete prolapse occurs (cervix descending beyond vulva), it may also be referred to as procidentia.

Dyspareunia

painful intercourse

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation

s/s of cystocele

pelvic pressure and urinary problems such as incontinence, frequency, and urgency. Back pain and pelvic pain may occur as well

A client is diagnosed with hypertension. The client also reports skin discoloration, weight gain, and nausea. Which contraceptive preparations would the nurse practitioner recommend for this client?

progestin only

rectal pressure, constipation seen with which injury?

rectocele

Estrogens

several hormones produced in the ovaries that develop and maintain the female reproductive system

recent nipple inversion

signifies disease and requires further investigation

nipple retraction

skin dimpling, creasing, or changes in the contour of the breast or nipple could mean there is underlying malignancy

menarche

the first menstrual period

atrophic vaginitis

thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue

laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen - may be used if their is unknown pelvic pain

colposcopy

visual examination of the cervix allows cells to be removed to screen for abnormalities

A patient has been diagnosed with a Trichomoniasis vaginal infection. The nurse would expect which color of discharge?

yellow-green

Peau d'Orange (Edema)

•Associated with inflammatory breast cancer •Caused by interference with lymphatic drainage •Breast skin has orange peel appearance •Skin pores enlarge •May be noted on the areola •Skin becomes thick, hard, and immobile

Rectocele

is an upward pouching of the rectum that pushes the posterior wall of the vagina forward. Both rectoceles and perineal lacerations, which occur because of muscle tears below the vagina, may affect the muscles and tissues of the pelvic floor and may occur during childbirth. Sometimes, the lacerations may completely sever the fibers of the anal sphincter (complete tear)

Candida Infection

itching, irritation curd-like white discharge