Reproductive

Colposcopy

examination and biopsy of the cervix using a colposcope

Ejaculatory duct

formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle allows semen to enter& pass through the prostate gland and enter the urethra and exits the body via the tip of the penis. -about one inch long, one duct for each teste

Infertility

inability to become pregnant after 1 year of sexual intercourse without the use of birthcontrol

Episiotomy

procedure to surgically cut the perineum during child birth

Testes

produce and store sperm,semen and are also the body's main source of male hormones, such as testosterone.

Pap smear

routine exam done on secretions removed from the cervix and upper vagina to determine the presence of cancer cells

What determines sex of the baby?

the chromosome from the father that determines the sex of a baby

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

(BPH) enlargement of prostate due to normal cells overgrowing. Men over 50

Functions of Testes

*Produce Sperm *Secrete testosterone

Penis

-Foreskin- circular fold of skin that extends down over the glans(tip)

Functions (F)

-Primary sex organs: the ovaries(Produces ova (eggs) for fertilization -Carries & nurtures developing fetus -Gives birth -Produces food source for believnewborn -Produces hormones for female sex characteristics, reproduction & lactation

Functions (M)

-Produces sperm -Deposits sperm into female reproductive canal -Produces hormones for male sex characteristics

Placenta

A membranous vascular organ that develops in females during pregnancy, lining the uterine wall and partially enveloping the fetus, to which it is attached by the umbilical cord. Following birth, the placenta is expelled.

Abruptio

A serious pregnancy complication in which the placenta detaches from the womb (uterus). Rare

Zygote

A zygote is a single cell which has formed as the result of the merging of an egg cell and a sperm cell. In other words, it's a fertilized egg, with the potential to develop into a living organism.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstrual flow

Ectopic pregnancy

Apregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically in a Fallopian tube.

Perineum

Area between the vaginal and(penile area) extended to rectum ; pelvic floor

Genital herpes

Chronic Viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus; of the male genital tracts mucous membranes with painful lesions, incurable and may lead to cervical cancer in women

Prostate Gland

Donut-shaped gland that surrounds the urethra of males at the base of the bladder,which controls the release of urine ° secretes 60% of ejaculant which is an alkaline fluid that makes up part of the semen and nourishes and protects sperm,preserve sperm life.

Cryptorchidism

Failure of testes to descend into the scrotum

Uterus

Female organ located in pelvic cavity, it houses and nourishes the growing fetus & where labor begins during deliver, held in position by ligaments. Behind urinary bladder °Fundus: upper portion where fallopian tubes attach °Body of uterus: large major central area of uterus;middle °Cervix: lower uterine region opening to vagina

Uterine wall

°Endometrium- Innermost layer.Mucosal layer where the fertilized egg burrows into the uterus,provides nourishment & protection during pregnancy. Sloughs off during menstruation each month °Myometrium: middle layer, consists of smooth muscle important during delivery of baby. °Perimetrium: outer layer

Genitalia

°External -Male includes penis and scrotum -Female includes clitoris,labia minora, labia majora °Internal -Male includes epididymis,vas deferens,ejaculatory duct -Female includes fallopian tubes,uterus,vagina

Menorrhagia

Painful heavy blessing menses

Vagina

Part of the birth canal, muscular tube containing the cervix of the uterus to the external female genitalia °Capable of great expansion °Passageway for menstruation °Birth canal °Opens onto the surface of the body at the perineum

Seminiferous tubules

Produce sperm -where sperm develop and mature for 74 hours

Ovulation

Release of an egg from the follicle into the ovarian tube resulting from cyclical hormonal function

Circumcision

Surgical removal of foreskin, reduces risk of HPV and phimosis(inability to retract foreskin b/c overly tight foreskin)

Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. Caused by a spirochete bacterium, The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on your genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores.

Cancers

Testicular cancer is common in young men aged 15-25 yrs. Detected through testicular self exam. Prostate cancer is common in older men age 50 yrs &older detected by digital rectal exam

Seminal vesicles

They are a pair of tube-like glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder ° secrete 55% seminal fluid that contains fructose(a simple sugar provides nutrition to sperm) and nourish and promote the movement of sperm through the urethra.

Epididymis

Two convoluted tubes behind the testes that store & passes sperm to the vas deferens. "Comma shaped" During ejaculation the muscle in the wall of the ductus epididymis propel sperm towards the next part of the system by peristalsis -Aid in sperm maturing

Ovaries

Two female gonads in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus. ° Produce the eggs(ova) and secrete female sex hormones estrogen & progesterone -Pituitary gland sends hormonal message for puberty -Estrogen-affects development of sex organ,sex characteristics

Breasts

Two mammary glands that produce milk, consists of 15-20 lobes seperated by adipose tissue

Fallopian tubes

Two tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus °Passageway for ovum to reach uterus °ovary and fallopian tubes lie close to each other but do not connect °Conception/Fertilization takes place in the outer third of the fallopian tubes; 2 cells begin to multiply and form a zygote

Erection

When sexually aroused nerve impulses cause engorgement,blood to enter the erectile tissue,of penis making it firm

AIDS

a viral disease that suppresses the body's immune system,spread by contact with blood and body fluids

Seminiferous tubules

are found inside the testes. They consist of a network of tubes that are thin, tightly coiled. The seminiferous tubules function to produce sperm, maintain the sperm, and to store the sperm. Spermatogenesis- process of sperm production

Salpingitis

bacterial infection of fallopian tubes, most often transmitted by sexual intercourse

Testosterone

"male hormone" a sex hormone produced by the testes that encourages the development of male sex organs & sperm cells, &development of male secondary sex characteristics. -Broad shoulders, narrow hips body hair,etc

Fertilization

Fusion of sperm and egg. Usually occurs in the upper third of the fallopian tube ° Sperm reach the egg and surround its outer surface ,attempting to enter °Sperm penetrates ovum and conception occurs °Zygote develops and begins the journey to implant into the uterus °Zygote implants in the thick wall of the uterus and a change in the menstrual cycle begins

Chlamydia

Most common STD that can infect both men and women. Men:white penile discharge It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system, making it difficult or impossible for her to get pregnant later on. Chlamydia can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the womb).

Fibroids

Nonmalignant tumors of the uterus

Pregnancy

Occurs *36 hours * after fertilization the zygote begins growing from its one cell beginning

Orchiditis

Orch:testes Inflammation of one or both testes, usually due to bacterial or vital infection

Menstruation

When the ovum is not fertilized and the uterine structures prepared for reception of the embryo are not needed,the lining deteriorates and is discharged from the body °Menarche-first cycle °Menopause-last cycle °Phase 1 Follicular - begins day 5 of cycle,brings about ovulation °Phase 2 Ovulation-follicle releases mature ovum,estrogen is at high level °Phase 3 Luteal Phase-corpus luteum develops,release of progesterone & estrogen °Phase 4 Menstruation- lining buildup in the uterus begins to slough off (shed)

Eclampsia

a condition in which one or more convulsions occur in a pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by coma and posing a threat to the health of mother and baby.

Endometriosis

a condition resulting from the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and causing pelvic pain,sometimes cyst formation.

Cystocele

bulging of the anterior wall of the vagina and the bladder into the vaginal canal

Rectocele

bulging of the posterior vaginal wall by the rectum into the vagina

Scabies

caused by "itch mites" infestation in the skin

Hepatitis B

caused by the hep b virus, a sexually transmitted disease. Inflammation of the liver,spread by contact with blood and body fluids

Gonorrhea

contaigous inflammation of the genital mucous membrane of either sex,can be found in rectum & pharynx, a greenish/yellow discharge appears

Dysmenorrhea

lower abdominal and pelvic pain associated with menstruation

Gamete

mature haploid male or female (ovum) cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex(sperm) in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Vasectomy

surgical procedure to prevent ejaculation of sperm and sterilize the male,usuallly removal and closure of a section of vas deferens typically as a means of sterilization.

Hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

Scrotum

the small muscular sac that contains and contains the testicles & epididymis

Abortion

the spontaneous (unforced) or induced (therapeutic) loss of a pregnancy less than 20 weeks gestation

Vas deferens

tube that connects the testes with the urethra. The vas deferens is a tube that carries sperm & exit from the epididymis to the seminal vessicles to ejaculatory duct and the urethra.

Bartholins glands

two pea sized glands located slightly posterior to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina during intercourse

Bulbourethral gland

two pea-shaped glands in the male, located beneath the prostate gland, °that secrete (5% of ejaculate) a fluid "pre-ejaculate" & lubricate urethra for movement of sperm, and lubricates during intercourse