Research Literacy in Psych

To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim, you need to focus most on evaluating which of the following validities?

Construct validity and external validity

Amir wants to make a causal claim. Which of the following is necessary?

He must conduct an experiment.

A Type II error is known as which of the following?

a false negative

When researchers conduct an experiment comparing two different treatment conditions, they are likely to be more concerned with _______________ validity than _______________ validity.

internal; external

A researcher provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants. List A has words related to isolation and List B has words related to socializing. She measures the number of words remembered from each list. Which is the dependent variable?

the number of words remembered

Which of the following would NOT indicate that a researcher is making a causal claim?

"is at a higher risk of"

Which of the following questions assesses internal validity when evaluating causal claims?

Does the study establish temporal precedence?

Frequency claims examine how many variables?

One

Which of the following is NOT a research claim?

Students spend too much time eating and studying.

When examining the statistical validity of a frequency claim, one should look for the:

margin of error estimate.

Which of the following could be an independent variable in a causal claim?

one that is manipulated

Which of the following could be a dependent variable in a causal claim?

one that is measured

Which of the following is a dependent variable?

one that is measured

Dr. Willis, a psychophysicist, conducts an experiment examining the effect of vitamins on vision. He provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants at his university. He puts the names of all the participants in a hat. The first 20 names he assigns to Group A and the last 20 he assigns to Group B. Group A is given a list of words that are printed at a very high contrast. Group B is given a list of words that are printed at very low contrast. He then measures how many words each group is able to see. He finds that Group A sees 15% more words than Group B.Which of the following is the dependent variable in Dr. Willis' study?

the number of words seen

Julesand his friends are discussing a study he read about. In the study, the researcher made the claim that most children who are hugged frequently have high levels of confidence in themselves. Joanna questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced. I am not sure you can really measure being hugged frequently." Louis also questions the study, saying, "Which children did they study? I am curious to know if they included both children from poor and rich families." Jude also is curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between hugging and confidence is. Could you predict one from the other?"Jude's concern is addressing which of the following?

the study's statistical validity