Respiration: Carbon Dioxide Transport

converted into CO2 quickly through Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme

CO2 as carbonic acid in a RBC is converted into what before entering the Alveoli

small amount of CO2 movement

CO2 coming from cells & water already in the plasma accounts for how much CO2 movement out of the tissue cells

come out of the plasma and go into the Alveoli

CO2 dissolved in the plasma will do what to go to the lungs?

cell respiration

CO2 is produced as a result of what?

comes off hemoglobin

CO2 that is bound to hemoglobin does what when it wants to enter the lungs

slowly because plasma lacks Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme to convert carbonic acid into CO2 quickly

CO2 transport from plasma to Alveoli of lungs occurs how why?

cation

H+ is a what?

acid

H+ is an example of what and is a cation

HCO3- + H+

H2CO3 dissociates into what?

Carbamino-Hemoglobin

HbCO2 is what molecule?

Cl-

is neither an acid or base so has no effect on pH

HbCO2

molecule that has at least 1 molecule of CO2 bound to hemoglobin

CO2 dissolved in plasma (7-10%)

only accounts for 1/10th of all CO2 transport in the blood

O2 comes off Hemoglobin at same time and goes to cells of tissues

as CO2 binds to Hemoglobin what happens to O2?

form more H2CO3 from CO2 & H2o reformation and plasma pH continues to go down

as deoxygenated blood goes up from the tissues and back to the lungs what occurs

lower pH

as more CO2 enters the plasma what happens to pH?

O2 is leaving Alveoli and entering RBC

at the same time CO2 is going into Alveoli what is occuring

HCO3-

at the same time Cl- is leaving the RBC when CO2 goes back to the Alveoli what comes into the RBC

base

bicarbonate (HCO3) is an anion produced and is what?

HCO3-

bicarbonate Ion

go one way across a membrane

bicarbonate can only travel how?

produces bicarbonate base

how does the body try to neutralize the addition of acids into the plasma

H+

hydrogen ion that is an acid because it lowers pH

dissociate carbonic acid quickly into H+ & HCO3-

if Carbonic Acid forms quickly what does this mean?

anions

if a cell loses anions it wants to gain what to stay electrically neutral

HCO3- and H+ formation

if the carbonic acid formation occurs slowly in the plasma due to the lack of an enzyme what else occurs slowly

slowly

the conversion of CO2 into Bicarbonate Ion occurs how in the plasma

plasma & RBC

the conversion of CO2 into Bicarbonate Ion occurs where?

fast; due to enzymes

the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate ion occurs how in the RBC why?

CO2 in the RBC as Carbonic Acid

the most abundant amount of CO2 entering the Alveoli is from where?

carbon dioxide

the most important gas in the blood

CO2 as Bicarbonate Ion (60-70%)

the way in which the most CO2 is transported in blood

converted into CO2 + H2O and enters Alveoli

to go back to the lungs what happens to CO2 in the plasma as carbonic acid

dissolved in plasma bound to hemoglobin CO2 as Bicarbonate Ion

what are the 3 ways carbon dioxide transport can occur

Cl-

what can be introduced into the cytoplasm to maintain RBC charge?

tries neutralizing the acid

what does the body do in response to plasma pH decreasing due to the addition of an Acid?

HbCO2 --> Hb + CO2

what equation represents CO2 coming off of Hemoglobin to go back into the Alveoli

H+ + HCO3 --> H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2

what equation represents CO2 transport into the ALVEOLI

HbO2 --> O2 + Hb

what equation represents O2 coming off Hemoglobin and entering the cells of tissues

H+ ion

what is removed from hemoglobin when CO2 goes back into the lungs

H2O + CO2 --> H2CO3 --> HCO3- + H+

what is the equation representing CO2 conversion into bicarbonate ion?

dissolved in the plasma

what is the least abundant way O2 leaves the Alveoli

when O2 & HHb dissociate where O2 is on Hemoglobin & H+ ion

what is the most abundant way O2 leaves the Alveoli and enters the RBC

pH of plasma becomes more acidic and goes down ad more carbonic acid goes into plasma SLOWLY

what is the result of carbonic acid formation

hemoglobin

what neutralizes H+ in a RBC acting as a buffer to not effect pH

90%

what percentage of plasma is made up of water

slowly

when CO2 and H2O get closer together and reform into Carbonic Acid how does this occur in the plasma?

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

when CO2 and H2O get closer together they reform into what?

CO2 + Hb --> HbCO2

when CO2 comes out of the tissues and attaches to hemoglobin in a RBC what equation does it form?

quickly

when CO2 is converted into bicarbonate ion in the RBC how does this occur

Cl- shift occurs so it leaves the RBC

when CO2 is going back into the Alveoli what occurs to keep RBC neutral?

Cl-

when transporting bicarbonate out of the RBC it has to replaced with what to stay electrically neutral inside the cell

because H+ binds to hemoglobin and is buffered by hemoglobin forming HHb

why does pH inside the RBC never change

RBC has Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme

why does the formation of the bicarbonate ion from CO2 in the RBC occur quickly?

chemical reactions lacking catalyst, enzyme

why does the reformation of CO2 and H2O into Carbonic Acid IN THE PLASMA occur slowly?

Carbonic Acid forms quickly

within 1-2 seconds of CO2 entering a RBC from the tissue cells what occurs?

carbonic anhydrase

enzyme bringing H2O & CO2 together faster in a RBC to form H2CO3-

bound to hemoglobin (20-30%)

1/4 of all CO2 transport in blood is down through this?

H2CO3-

carbonic acid

no

does the pH inside the RBC ever change

Bicarbonate

goes across the RBC membrane and enters the plasma to neutralize the carbonic acid build up caused by an increase in CO2

HBCO2

represents carbamino-hemoglobin

hemoglobin

some CO2 comes out of the tissues and attaches to what in the RBC?

enzyme

speeds up biochemical reactions