Respiratory System
When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?
The capillary constricts.
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?
The ribs and sternum move upward.
Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?
alveoli
A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.
bronchopulmonary segment
Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?
hemoglobin and oxygen
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.
hyperventilation
A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.
increase in
What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
increase surface area
Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?
pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?
residual volume
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.
resistance
What is the role of alveolar macrophages?
to remove pathogens and debris
The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________.
transpulmonary pressure
The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.
visceral and parietal pleurae
Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage
Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?
Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.
A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________.
Haldane effect
What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth?
It lubricates the pleurae.
When do fetal breathing movements begin?
around week 20
If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect
difficulty inflating the lungs
A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________.
early childhood, around 8 years of age
Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?
erythropoietin
Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.
high; low
Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.
internal respiration
The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?
oral cavity
The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
respiratory
Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following?
small venous reserve of oxygen
Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?
temperature pH BPG
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?
It diffuses into the alveoli.
