Respiratory System

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Tachypnea

Abnormally rapid and shallow rate of breathing.

External Respiration

Also called breathing or ventilation; the exchange of O2 and CO2 that occurs between the lungs, body and outside environment.

Hyperpnea

An increase in depth and rate of breathing.

Lungs

Cone-shaped organs that are located in the thoracic cavity. They are porous and spongy; the right lung has 3 lobes and the left has 2 lobes.

Orthopnea

Difficult or labored breathing when the body is in a horizontal position; better when sitting or standing.

Dyspnea

Difficult, labored, or painful breathing, usually accompanied by discomfort and breathlessness.

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen and make breathing possible.

Eupnea

Normal or easy breathing.

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brain that controls breathing.

Olfactory Nerves

Sense of smell

Hiccups

Spasms of the diaphragm and a spasmodic closure of the glottis.

Internal Respiration

The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place between the cells of the body.

Epiglottis

The flap of cartilage that lies behind the tongue and in front of the entrance of the larynx.

Glottis

The space between the vocal cords.

Apnea

The temporary stoppage of breathing movements.

Bronchus

There are 2 Bronchi; they extend from the lower end of the trachea and branch into the bronchus.

Bronchioles

These are subdivisions of the bronchi and their inner walls are made up of smooth muscles.

Pharynx

Throat

Mediastinum

also called the inter pleural space that is between the lungs and lies along the median plane of the thorax.

Alveoli

there are millions of these within the alveolar sacs; they are globular shaped; they are surrounded by blood capillaries that aid in exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Pleura

thin, moist, slippery membrane that covers the lungs.

Effects of Aging

Lung tissue loses elasticity; Rib cage is less flexible; Muscle strength decreases; Functioning alveoli decreases.

Hyperventilation

May be caused by disease or stress, rapid breathing occurs that causes the body to lose Carbon Dioxide too quickly.

Larynx

Voice box; triangular shape and houses the vocal cords.

Trachea

Windpipe; tube-like passageway.


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