Restorative Art Ch. 2 Bones of the Head and Face

Squama

(Like a fish scale) is the thin superior part of the temporal bone. The temporal cavity is immediately lateral (outside), and this space houses the Temporalis muscle. which, especially in the elderly or emaciated case, may atrophy and dehydrate, causing it to shrink, as in sunken temples, and require tissue building, however, only after consulting a photograph of the deceased.

The Face consists of __bones.

14

The Cranium consists of __ bones.

8

The purposes of the skull are to?

>Protect the brain. >Support the jaws. >Serve as an attachment for muscles. >Give form to the head.

Ethmoid

A horizontal plate that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and closes the anterior part of the base of the cranium.

Zygomatic Arch (2)

A long, thin, arched process extending anteriorly from the squama to the zygomatic bone. It lies above the external auditory meatus and divides the length of the ear in half. It is considered the widest part of the face.

Condyle

A rounded eminence at the articulating posterior process of the ramus. Can be associated with a dislocated jaw.

Mastoid Process (2)

A rounded projection of the interior portion of temporal bone just medial to the lobe of the ear. The sternocleidomastoid muscle attaches to this. The widest part of the neck is measured by a straight line extending between the midpoints of the bellies of the two sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Mandibular Fossa (2)

A small oval depression or socket on the underside of the temporal bone. The condyle of the mandible articulates in this depression. This lies just anterior to the external auditory meatus.

Coronoid Process

A thin, flattened process projecting from the anterior portion of the upper border of the ramus. Serves as the insertion of the Temporalis muscle of mastication (chewing) from the temporal cavity above, which may need injections of tissue builder.

Mental Eminence

A triangular projection on the inferior of the anterior mandible.

Glabella (1)

An elevation located between the superciliary arches on the inferior part of the frontal bone immediately above the root of the nose. The root is the point at which the two nasal bones touch the frontal bone.

*Maxilla (2)

Are the bones of the upper jaw. They form the skeletal base for most of the superior portion of the face, anterior roof of the mouth, sides and floor of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbits.

Lacrimal Bones

Are two bones located in the medial wall of each orbit between the ethmoid and maxillary bones. They somewhat resemble a fingernail in shape.

Dental Prognathism (Buck Teeth)

Can occur in this bone. The point where the two maxilla meet form a sharp bony process known as the nasal spine. The nasal spine create the inferior border of the nasal skeleton.

*Temporal (2)

Comprises the inferior portion of the sides and vase of the cranium. They are located inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone.

Palatine Bones

Consist of two bones that are located at the back part of the nasal cavity behind the maxillae. These bones help form the back part of the roof of the mouth, part of the floor and outer wall of the nasal cavity, and a very small portion of the floor of the orbit.

Palatine Process

Forms anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth. Part of the nasal cavity and part of the orbital cavity.

Eminences/Processes

Frontal processes of maxilla-the ascending part of the upper jaw, which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone.

Vomer Bone

Is a single bone located along the midline within the nasal cavity. It forms part of the septum of the nose. It is thin and varies in different individuals. Frequently, it is bent slightly to one side or the other, making the nasal chambers of unequal size.

The Bimandibular Width

Is measured by a straight line between the two angles of the mandible and is used in photographic analysis for restoration. On a photograph, to be compared to the Bizygomatic Width and the Biparietal Width along with the length of the head in order to reproduce, in wax, the correct geometric head shape such as round, oval, square, oblong, diamond, triangular, or inverted triangular.

Nasal Cavity

Is the orifice (opening) in the face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla. The cavity is made up of two irregular-shaped spaces separated by a cartilage, which makes up a small part of the septum. This area is used as a hidden injection point for tissue building the face.

Sphenoid

Located at the anterior part of the base of the skull and binds the other cranial bones together.

Frontal Eminences (2)

Rounded prominences on either side of the medium line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone. A warm-color area of the face.

Angle of the Mandible

The angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus and the inferior surfaces of the body of the mandible. It influences the form of the head from a frontal view.

*Frontal (1)

The anterior 1/3 of the cranium forming the forehead and parts of the eye socket and most of the anterior of the cranial floor. It is comprised of two planes- the vertical plane making up the forehead and the horizontal plane making up the superior part of the cranium.

Incisive Fossa

The area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth.

Body (1)

The curve-shaped, horizontal, and lowest part of the lower jaw. It contains alveolar processes for the teeth, as the maxilla does.

Zygomatic (2)

The diamond-shaped bones that form the cheekbones. They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity.

*Mandible (1)

The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the lower jaw. It consists of two portions- the body and the ramus.

Superciliary Arches (2)

The inferior part of the forehead just superior to the medial ends of the eyebrows.

*Nasal (2)

The nasal bones lie directly inferior to the glabella. They from the bridge of the nose and the dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.

External Auditory Meatus (2)

The opening of the ear passage located in front of the mastoid process.

Alveolar Process

The ridge of thick, spongy bone surrounding the alveoli of the teeth.

Supraorbital Margin (2)

The superior rim of the eye socket.

Ramus (2)

The vertical portions of the mandible. It is wide, flat, and quadrilateral in shape.

*Parietal (2)

These bones create the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium as well as the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the cranium.

Zygomatic Process

Where the temporal bone joins the zygomatic bone.