Restorative Art I- Exam #1

Characteristics that are typically NOT concealed.

-Moles -Warts -Scars -Birthmarks

Divisions of the mandible

1.) Body 2.) Ramus (2)

Ramus--Parts

1.) Coronoid process 2.) Mandibular condyle 3.) Mandibular notch

What are the anatomical structures to locate the ear?

1.) External Auditory Meatus 2.) Zygomatic arch 3.) Mandibular fossa 4.) Mastoid process

Eminences associated with the frontal bone

1.) Frontal eminences 2.) Supraorbital margins 3.) Superciliary arches 4.) Glabella

Body of the Mandible--parts

1.) Mental eminences 2.) Alveolar processes 3.) Incisive fossa

Surface bones of the face

1.) Nasal bone 2.) Zygomatic bones 3.) Maxilla/Maxillary bones (paired) 4.) Mandible (unpaired)

What are the major sutures of the adult skull?

Coronal Lambdoidal Squamosal

What are the features of the Occipital bone?

Foramen Magnum Occipital Protuberance

Major restorations

Require a long period of time, are extensive, require advanced technical skill.

Minor restorations

Require a minimum of effort, skill, and time to complete.

Fontantelles

The "soft spots" of an infants skull

Oval

The geometric shape of the skull

Zygomaticofrontal Process

The lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.

Occipital Bone

The lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain.

Form is different from one person to another because of variations in ______ and _______.

Width and length

angle of the mandible

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks widest part of lower 1/3 of face.

Projection

a feature or part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

Depression

a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface

Deep

a position farther from the surface of the body

Anterior (ventral)

the front or direction toward the front of the body

Mastoid Process

the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear

Vertical (forehead)

this surface extends from the upper margin of the eye sockets to the level of the two frontal eminences. The part of the face above the eyes.

Features of the Maxilla

1.) Nasal spine of the maxilla 2.) Alveolar Processes 3.) Frontal process of the maxilla

What are the surface bones of the cranium?

1.) Occipital bone (unpaired) 2.) Parietal bone (paired) 3.) Temporal bone (paired) 4.) Frontal bone (unpaired)

Non-surface bones of the head

1.) Sphenoid 2.) Ethmoid

What are the features of the temporal bone?

1.) Temporal cavity 2.) Squama

What are the surfaces of the frontal bone?

1.) Vertical surface 2.) Horizontal surface

features of the zygomatic bone

1.) Zygomatic arch 2.) Zygomatic Arch Depression 3.) Zygomaticofrontal Process

When to request authorization for restorative work.

1.) major restorations outside the norm 2.) extra invasive procedures

The male skull is larger by roughly how much?

10%

Alveolar processes

A bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.

Recession

A feature or part withdrawn within the level of its surroundings

Foramen Magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

Glabella

A single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose.

Horizontal surface (crown)

This surface continues to ascend superiorly until it reaches the parietal bones

Anatomical Position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Maxilla/Maxillary Bone (paired)

a paired bone with several processes that forms the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit.

Superior (cranial)

a position above or higher than another part of the body

Inferior (caudal)

a position below or lower than another part of the body

Superficial

a position closer to the surface of the body

Mandibular notch

a relatively deep indentation between the condyle and coronoid process of the mandible.

mandibular condyle

a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible.

Inclination

a slope or a slant; deviation from the vertical or horizontal.

Mental eminences

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.

profile

an outline of something; seen from the side

Sphenoid

an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone.

widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

between the angles of the mandible

widest part of the cranium

between the parietal eminences

widest part of the face

between the zygomatic arches

Zygomatic bones (paired)

bone of the cheek. Often described as being diamond shaped and form the cheek bones. The surface of these bones is on the frontal and lateral planes of the face (bilateral curvature).

alveolar process

bony ridges found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains sockets for the teeth.

Nasal bone (paired)

directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.

Frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Horizontal plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Concave

exhibiting a depression, a hollow surface; a surface exhibiting an inward curve.

Zygomatic arch

formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

frontal

from the front

Convex

having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a circle or sphere.

Bilateral

having or relating to two sides

Temporal bone

inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone.

Does the embalmer only restore features with wax when performing restorative art?

no, any procedure, treatment, or application when dealing with human remains that serves to aid in the process of recreating natural form and color is in fact restorative art.

Zygomatic arch depression

one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch

Frontal eminences

paired, rounded, unmargined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline

Form

refers to the general shape; includes various dimensions such as length, width, and projection.

Color

refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface.

natural color

skin color is determined by its pigmentation, spectral composition, and the impact of highlights and shadows.

Oblique

slanting; deviating from the perpendicular, horizontal, sagittal, or coronal plane of the body.

Nasal spine of the maxilla

small bony projection located on the median line at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.

Frontal bone

the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull

Coronoid Process

the anterior, non-articulating process of the ramus of the mandible which serves as the insertion for the temporalis muscle.

frontal process of maxilla

the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone.

Posterior (dorsal)

the back or direction toward the back of the body

Restorative Art

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

Temporal cavity

the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone

Incisive fossa

the depression between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth.

Mandible (unpaired)

the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.

superciliary arch

the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows

median plane (midsagittal)

the median vertical longitudinal plane that divides the bilaterally symmetrical human body into right and left halves.

Medial

the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Norm

the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average. We use this as a standard.

External Auditory Meatus

the opening or passageway of the ear

Nasal cavity

the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

Zygomatic Arch

the processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face

Occipital Protuberance

the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone

Parietal eminences

the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium. Helpful when attaching an ear.

Lateral

the side or direction toward the side of the body

Mandibular Fossa

the small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus

Protrusion

the state of being projected beyond the surrounding surface.

Physiognomy

the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features.

Parietal Bone

the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium, as well as the posterior two-thirds of the roof of the cranium.

Supraorbital Margins

the superior rim of the eye socket

Squama

the vertical surface of the temporal bone

Ethmoid

this bone is an anterior cranial bone located between the eyes. It contributes to the medial wall of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum. Has three parts: cribriform plate, ethmoidal labyrinth, and the perpendicular plate

The 2/3 Rule

unless at least two-thirds of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted.