Revel 5,6,7,8
What is the lifetime prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder? 0.01% to 0.05% 1% to 3% 50% to 53% 25% to 28%
1% to 3%
Which of the following is the primary difference between a major depressive episode and major depressive disorder? A major depressive episode is not a psychological diagnosis, whereas major depressive disorder is. A major depressive episode lasts from 1 day up to 2 weeks, whereas major depressive disorder must last at least 1 month. A major depressive episode involves persistent sad or low mood, but major depressive disorder can also involve mania. Major depressive disorder involves symptoms tied to mood changes following the death of a loved one, whereas a major depressive episode is focused on daily stressors.
A major depressive episode is not a psychological diagnosis, whereas major depressive disorder is.
Who is at a higher risk of developing anorexia nervosa? Actors and models Female basketball players Teachers and scientists Adolescent males
Actors and models
Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide rates by race and ethnicity? Black individuals have the highest suicide rates. Suicide rates do not differ by race and ethnicity. American Indian/Alaska native and non-Hispanic White males have the highest suicide rates. Females of all racial and ethnic groups have higher suicide rates compared to males.
American Indian/Alaska native and non-Hispanic White males have the highest suicide rates.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an ARFID presentation? An adolescent who restricts their caloric intake in order to lose weight A child that that will only eat a small number of foods that are not crunchy A child that refuses to eat a sufficient amount of food due to fears of vomiting An adolescent with little interest in eating or food in general
An adolescent who restricts their caloric intake in order to lose weight
After a breakup with her college boyfriend, Rashad lost some weight because her appetite was really poor. She started getting compliments on her weight loss which made her decide to work on losing more weight. She began restricting her food intake and exercising daily. She continued to lose weight, but she never felt like she looked thin enough despite having lost significant weight and being told she was underweight by her doctor. After a few months, she began binge eating and purging which made her even more concerned about gaining weight. Rashad's symptoms are most consistent with which of the following diagnoses? Anorexia Nervosa-Restricting Type Bulimia Nervosa-Restricting Type Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa-Binge Eating/Purging type
Anorexia Nervosa-Binge Eating/Purging type
Which of the following is true of puberty and eating disorders? Later onset of menstruation and puberty increases females' risk of pica. ARFID tends to develop 5-10 years after the onset of puberty. Anorexia nervosa often develops around the onset of puberty. Later onset of menstruation and puberty increases females' risk of bulimia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa often develops around the onset of puberty.
What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and the OSFED category of atypical anorexia nervosa? Atypical anorexia nervosa consists of current weight below normal limits. Atypical anorexia nervosa consists of current weight at or above normal limits. Atypical anorexia nervosa consists of restricting food intake. Atypical anorexia nervosa consists of frequent periods of binge eating.
Atypical anorexia nervosa consists of current weight at or above normal limits.
Harley has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. His therapist encouraged him to resist the urge to check the locks on his doors when he worries that he may have left them unlocked. The therapist explained that engaging in the compulsion worsens his OCD overall, even though it makes him feel better temporarily. Which model best describes Harley's therapist's approach to understanding OCD? Psychodynamic Sociocultural Behavioral Cognitive
Behavioral
Which perspective is consistent with the finding of increased risk of somatic symptom disorders in children whose parents pay significant attention to a child's medical concerns and who model extreme reactions to pain or somatic symptoms? Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral
Behavioral
________ theories explain depression by focusing on __________. Psychodynamic; learning history Behavioral; the lack of reinforcing stimuli Cognitive; learning history Cognitive; the lack of reinforcing stimuli
Behavioral; the lack of reinforcing stimuli
What characteristics do excoriation disorder and trichotillomania have in common? Behaviors in both disorders are focused only on the face. Rates of comorbidity with other disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder) are low. Behaviors in both disorders can be triggered by a range of negative emotions (e.g., boredom, tension). They are both diagnosed exclusively in children.
Behaviors in both disorders can be triggered by a range of negative emotions (e.g., boredom, tension).
Which of the following is a description of someone likely to be experiencing prolonged grief disorder? Kaylee's sister died in a car accident 8 months ago. They had been very close, and Kaylee is now trying to help take care of her sister's young children. Kaylee has constant memories of her sister and still feels disbelief that she will never talk to her again. Bella's 16 year old son died 18 months ago from an unknown heart condition while playing basketball. She is preoccupied with thoughts and memories about her son and is unable to return to work. She feels extremely lonely and is often overcome with anger that her son's condition was not discovered earlier. After 40 years of marriage, Dale's wife died from cancer. Even 6 months later, he struggles to complete daily tasks and has difficulty talking about his wife to their friends. He still wakes up each morning expecting his wife to be there.
Bella's 16 year old son died 18 months ago from an unknown heart condition while playing basketball. She is preoccupied with thoughts and memories about her son and is unable to return to work. She feels extremely lonely and is often overcome with anger that her son's condition was not discovered earlier.
_______ has a later typical age of onset compared to ______. Anorexia nervosa; binge eating disorder Binge-eating disorder; anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa Pica; anorexia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder; anorexia nervosa
Which statement is NOT true regarding biological research findings with respect to OCD onset? Family and twin studies suggest that genetic and environmental factors are involved. Biological challenge studies indicate a causal role for the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have found that the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is involved. Treatment studies indicate that the neurotransmitter serotonin is involved.
Biological challenge studies indicate a causal role for the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
Which disorder consists of preoccupation about defects or flaws in physical appearance? Trichotillomania Obsessive-compulsive disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Schizophrenia
Body dysmorphic disorder
What is one difference between body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder? Body dysmorphic disorder only involves repetitive behaviors, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder only involves repetitive thoughts. Body dysmorphic disorder impacts adolescents, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder impacts adults. Body dysmorphic disorder is common (25% prevalence), whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder is rare (1% prevalence). Body dysmorphic disorder is focused on preoccupation with physical appearance, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder may be focused on a wider variety of obsessional content.
Body dysmorphic disorder is focused on preoccupation with physical appearance, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder may be focused on a wider variety of obsessional content.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between depression and prolonged grief disorder? Depression is associated more with emotional symptoms such as sadness and crying while prolonged grief disorder is associated more with physical symptoms such as low appetite and sleep disturbances. Prolonged grief disorder is a subtype of major depressive disorder. Both conditions can include low mood, crying, and suicidal thinking, but in prolonged grief disorder, this distress is focused on feelings of loss and separation from a loved one rather than generalized low mood. Prolonged grief disorder is preceded by the death of a loved one while major depressive disorder is not.
Both conditions can include low mood, crying, and suicidal thinking, but in prolonged grief disorder, this distress is focused on feelings of loss and separation from a loved one rather than generalized low mood.
Ethan was on the wrestling team and his coach told him that if he could lose 8 pounds he could wrestle in a lower weight division. He went on a strict diet, but quickly found that his hunger was difficult to ignore. One night, he decided to eat one piece of leftover pizza his family had ordered. Before he knew it, he had eaten an entire pizza and a half-gallon of ice cream. He felt totally out of control while he was eating, but he was wracked with guilt afterwards. He decided to force himself to vomit and get back on track with his weight loss plans. A few weeks later, he had only lost a few pounds, but he was binge eating and purging multiple times a day and couldn't even bring himself to look in a mirror. Ethan's symptoms are most consistent with which of the following diagnoses? Anorexia Nervosa-Restricting Type Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa-Binge Eating/Purging Type Bulimia Nervosa-Non-Restricting Typ
Bulimia Nervosa
What is different about the focus of CBT models versus sociocultural models of eating disorders? CBT focuses on mood intolerance, and sociocultural models emphasize a distorted sense of self. CBT focuses on unhealthy behaviors and distorted cognitions, and sociocultural models emphasize internalization of the thin ideal. CBT focuses on a distorted sense of self, and sociocultural models emphasize mood intolerance. CBT focuses on internalization of the thin ideal, and sociocultural models emphasize unhealthy behaviors and distorted cognitions.
CBT focuses on unhealthy behaviors and distorted cognitions, and sociocultural models emphasize internalization of the thin ideal.
Parker has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. They have intrusive thoughts about germs. When they touch something out in public, they immediately feel contaminated and believe they are going to get sick and possibly die. Parker's psychologist explained that the reason they are experiencing so much anxiety is because of their interpretation of their thought --- they believe that the germs are dangerous and will lead to illness. Which etiological explanation is Parker's psychologist describing? Cognitive Psychodynamic Behavioral Sociocultural
Cognitive
_______ focuses on changing the way someone with depression thinks and behaves, whereas ______ focuses on grief and role transitions. Cognitive behavioral therapy; interpersonal psychotherapy Psychodynamic therapy; behavioral activation Cognitive behavioral therapy; behavioral activation Psychodynamic therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy; interpersonal psychotherapy
Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of anorexia nervosa? Maintaining significantly low body weight Intense fear of weight gain Compensatory behaviors following binge eating episodes Undue influence of body weight or shape on self-esteem
Compensatory behaviors following binge eating episodes
For someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder, what is the relationship between obsessions and compulsions? Compulsions are time-consuming and obsessions save time. Obsessions are time-consuming and compulsions save time. Compulsions reduce anxiety resulting from obsessions. Obsessions reduce anxiety resulting from compulsions.
Compulsions reduce anxiety resulting from obsessions.
Which of the following would likely NOT meet the criteria for somatic symptom disorder? Nonstop high anxiety about noticing any new potential symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome Excessive time spent researching additional treatments strategies after an early-stage skin cancer is treated successfully Concern and worry regarding a cancer diagnosis that has a high likelihood of becoming terminal Constant ruminative thoughts about fibromyalgia symptoms that interfere with work productivity
Concern and worry regarding a cancer diagnosis that has a high likelihood of becoming terminal
Which of the following is a component of family-based therapy for eating disorders? Current problems are attributed to the mother. Current problems are attributed to the child. Current problems are attributed to the parents. Current problems are attributed to the eating disorder.
Current problems are attributed to the eating disorder.
Which of the following best characterizes some researchers' concerns about dissociative identity disorder? DID should not be a diagnosis because the primary symptom usually emerges only after entering treatment. DID should be limited to an adulthood diagnosis because children regularly engage in fantasy play. DID should be limited to an adulthood diagnosis because children experience less severe symptoms. DID should not be a diagnosis because the primary symptom is something that usually resolves without treatment.
DID should not be a diagnosis because the primary symptom usually emerges only after entering treatment.
Which of the following accurately describes persistent depressive disorder? Depressed mood for at least 2 years and the individual has never been without symptoms Depressed mood for a least 2 years and the individual has never been without symptoms for more than 2 months. Depressed mood for a least 6 months and the individual has never been without symptoms for more than 2 months Depressed mood for at least 6 months and the individual has never been without symptoms
Depressed mood for a least 2 years and the individual has never been without symptoms for more than 2 months.
Which of the following would NOT be evidence of factitious disorder? Mouthwash applied to a wound to prevent it from healing Red candy put in a urine sample to mimic blood Excessive laxative use to present with chronic diarrhea to a hospital Excessive research on cancer symptoms to alleviate anxiety about getting cancer
Excessive research on cancer symptoms to alleviate anxiety about getting cancer
Which is true of CBT treatment for children with OCD? Adult-child attachment is a primary component of treatment. It has not been found to be effective. Family accommodation is a primary component of treatment. It is only considered after medication trials have failed to reduce symptoms.
Family accommodation is a primary component of treatment.
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding eating disorder prevalence rates and sexual orientation? Heterosexual individuals have higher rates of only anorexia nervosa compared to gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Heterosexual individuals have higher rates of eating disorders compared to gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals have higher rates of eating disorders compared to heterosexual individuals. Sexual orientation is not related to eating disorder prevalence rates.
Gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals have higher rates of eating disorders compared to heterosexual individuals.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding biological causes of obsessive-compulsive related disorders? Studies in this area generally have small sample sizes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pointed to the role of two predominant genes involved in disorder onset. Studies in this area have tended to be correlational rather than experimental (i.e., causal). Heritability and genetic predisposition can increase the risk of developing these disorders.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pointed to the role of two predominant genes involved in disorder onset.
What is NOT true of hair pulling in trichotillomania? Hair pulling must occur without conscious awareness. Hair pulling results in hair loss. Pulled hair may be discarded, inspected, or eaten. Individuals have repeatedly tried to stop hair pulling.
Hair pulling must occur without conscious awareness.
Which of the following supports the sociocultural model of eating disorders? Higher rates of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in females compared to males. Higher rates of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in males compared to females Decreasing incidence of eating disorders as body size ideals for women decrease. Increasing incidence of eating disorders as body size ideals for women increase.
Higher rates of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in females compared to males.
Which of the following combinations of mood episodes is required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder? History of at least 1 major depressive episode and 1 hypomanic episode History of at least 1 depressive episode and 1 manic episode History of at least 1 manic episode History of at least 2 major depressive episodes and 1 hypomanic episode
History of at least 1 manic episode
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of suicide? History of prior attempts Depression Genetic factors High serotonin levels
History of prior attempts
Colby's friends have noticed that he has been behaving differently over the past month. He says he is very happy and feels great. He is considering quitting his job to become a full-time Instagram influencer. He talks about it nonstop and seems to be working constantly. He has only been sleeping 4 hours each night, but somehow manages to show up to work every day and get his job done. What would be the best way to describe Colby's symptoms? Bipolar I disorder Hypomanic episode Disruptive mood regulation disorder Manic episode
Hypomanic episode
_______ is inadvertently caused by a treatment provider, treatment, or diagnostic process. Iatrogenic disease Factitious disorder Malingering Neurological symptom disorder
Iatrogenic disease
What is true of factitious disorder imposed on another? The child is a willing participant and would also receive a diagnosis of factitious disorder. Most often a child produces physical symptoms in their parental figure. The victim must be an adolescent before this diagnosis can be given. If the victim is a child, this behavior is considered a form a child abuse.
If the victim is a child, this behavior is considered a form a child abuse.
Which of the following is NOT a suggested strategy to prevent suicide? Banning highly lethal pesticides Increasing media coverage of deaths by suicide Limiting access to jump sites Restricting access to firearms among vulnerable individuals
Increasing media coverage of deaths by suicide
What do kleptomania and pyromania have in common? Individuals experience increased tension prior to the theft/fire setting. Individuals engage in theft/fire setting to seek vengeance. Both disorders are more common in men. They are both only diagnosed in children.
Individuals experience increased tension prior to the theft/fire setting.
Malingering requires which of the following? Downplaying or complete avoidance of symptoms Neurological symptoms Intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms A mix of neurological and somatic symptoms
Intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms
_____ is an effective eating disorder treatment, although recovery may be slower than in _____. Equine-assisted psychotherapy; psychodynamic therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy; psychodynamic therapy Equine-assisted psychotherapy; CBT Interpersonal psychotherapy; CBT
Interpersonal psychotherapy; CBT
Which of the following statements is true of major depressive disorder? It is the most diagnosed psychiatric disorder in the United States, and average age of onset is in the late 20s. It is the most inaccurately diagnosed psychiatric disorder in the United States, and average age of onset is in the late 20s. It is the most diagnosed psychiatric disorder in the United States, and average age of onset is in the early teens. It is the most inaccurately diagnosed psychiatric disorder in the United States, and average age of onset is in the early teens.
It is the most diagnosed psychiatric disorder in the United States, and average age of onset is in the late 20s.
Rarely a week goes by when Torrey doesn't miss a day of work due to some medical problem. Her boss suggested she take a leave from work and apply for disability so she could still get paid but wouldn't have to work. At her disability assessment, Torrey made sure to exaggerate most of her symptoms to try to ensure she would receive the disability money. Which of the following would be the most appropriate to describe Torrey's symptoms? Factitious disorder imposed on self Illness anxiety disorder Malingering Somatic symptom disorder
Malingering
For the past month, Alexis has been extremely irritable. She is continually complaining to her friends about her "horrible boss." She spent weeks, mostly in the middle of the night, writing up a new business proposal and he didn't even look at it. She finally told her boss what she thought of him, and he fired her. Rather than looking for a new job, she stays up until dawn each day sending emails about her latest business ideas to everyone she has worked with in the past. Her friends and former co-workers feel sorry for her, but they are getting tired of receiving incoherent emails and listening to nonstop talk about her plans. What would be the best way to describe Alexis's symptoms? Disruptive mood regulation disorder Hypomanic episode Manic episode Cyclothymic disorder
Manic episode
Which of the following statements is true of bipolar disorder and children? Manic symptoms in children may involve more irritability compared to adults. True prevalence rates of bipolar disorder are increasing over the past 5 years. Bipolar disorder's average age of onset is 11 years old. Bipolar disorder is not diagnosed in children under 18 years old.
Manic symptoms in children may involve more irritability compared to adults.
_____ is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder because _______ alone is insufficient. Medication; psychotherapy Interpersonal psychotherapy; medication Behavioral activation; medication Interpersonal psychotherapy; behavioral activation
Medication; psychotherapy
Which of the following statements bests represents the relationship between BED and obesity? Most people with BED are not obese, and rates of BED are not higher among people with obesity than people who are not obese. Most people with BED are not obese. Most people with obesity also have BED. Most people with obesity do not have BED, but rates of BED are higher among people with obesity than people who are not obese.
Most people with obesity do not have BED, but rates of BED are higher among people with obesity than people who are not obese.
Which of the following is NOT a possible symptom of major depressive disorder? Increased appetite Nightmares Recurrent thoughts of death Insomnia
Nightmares
____ are recurrent intrusive thoughts, and ___ are distressful repetitive behaviors or mental acts. Compulsions; obsessions Rituals; impulses Rituals; primary obsessions Obsessions; compulsions
Obsessions; compulsions
Since puberty, Rebecca has had an obsession with her weight, and she is currently in the mid to upper range of the normal BMI for her age. In the past month and a half, she has started to binge eat every other day. After these episodes, she usually makes herself vomit or she sometimes also uses laxatives. Rebecca's symptoms are most consistent with which of the following disorders? Anorexia nervosa Binge-eating disorder Other specified feeding and eating disorder Bulimia nervosa
Other specified feeding and eating disorder
What is the predominant feeling individuals experience during the act of kleptomania? Guilt Pleasure Tension Shame
Pleasure
Which of the following statements is consistent with an integrated model of somatic symptom and related disorders? Perpetuating factors are not relevant for somatic symptom disorders. Precipitating and perpetuating factors are the same within an individual. Perpetuating factors are present prior to precipitating factors. Predisposing factors may differ from perpetuating factors.
Predisposing factors may differ from perpetuating factors.
What is required for a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder? Complete amnesia for everyday events Intentional fabrication of multiple identities Moderate or severe somatic symptoms Presence of two or more distinct personalities
Presence of two or more distinct personalities
Which of the following accurately reflects what is known about the prevalence rates of dissociative disorders? There is little to no variation in prevalence rates across countries and race/ethnicities. Prevalence is generally higher in community samples compared to clinical samples. The prevalence of DID is approximately 40-45% in the general population. Prevalence is generally higher in clinical samples compared to community samples.
Prevalence is generally higher in clinical samples compared to community samples.
Which is NOT a factor used in an integrative model to understand how somatic symptom and related disorders develop and are maintained? Precipitating Perpetuating Psychodynamic Predisposing
Psychodynamic
Someone with illness anxiety disorder may perform which excessive health-related behavior? Medication compliance with mild somatic symptoms Avoidance behaviors about severe somatic symptoms Reassurance seeking about mild somatic symptoms Reassurance seeking about severe somatic symptoms
Reassurance seeking about mild somatic symptoms
Which statement is accurate with respect to biological treatments for OCRDs? The use of SSRIs is not approved for OCRDs. SSRIs are effective for body dysmorphic disorder but are not reliably effective for other OCRDs. Medications are significantly more effective than psychological treatments for OCRDs. Deep brain stimulation is the first line of treatment for OCRDs.
SSRIs are effective for body dysmorphic disorder but are not reliably effective for other OCRDs.
Which of the following comorbid disorders would be LEAST likely for someone with an obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis? Substance use disorder Schizophrenia Panic disorder Major depressive disorder
Schizophrenia
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding medication treatments for OCD? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective, generally requiring lower doses compared to anxiety disorders/depression. Benzodiazepines are effective, generally requiring higher doses compared to anxiety disorders/depression. Benzodiazepines are effective, generally requiring lower doses compared to anxiety disorders/depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective, generally requiring higher doses compared to anxiety disorders/depression.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective, generally requiring higher doses compared to anxiety disorders/depression.
Miriam had chronic stomach pain for the past year. None of the doctors she saw could provide any answers. A naturopath suggested she may have Celiac disease. The tests were negative, but she was told she had a gluten sensitivity. She thought having some answers would make her feel better, but she felt worse. She spent most of her time searching for treatments and recipes and avoided eating at restaurants or at friends' houses due to her fear of gluten contamination. Which psychological diagnosis would be most appropriate in this case? Illness anxiety disorder Functional neurological symptom disorder Somatic symptom disorder Factitious disorder
Somatic symptom disorder
_______ is part of the first stage of CBT-E. Addressing eating disorder maintenance factors Hypnosis Stabilization of eating Planning to prevent relapse
Stabilization of eating
Which statement is the most representative of thefts consistent with kleptomania? Stealing an expensive video game that is highly desired because the individual does not want to wait to save enough money to buy the game Stealing unneeded clothing and keeping the unused clothing items piled in a basement closet Stealing warm clothing to wear in winter because the individual does not have money to buy this clothing Stealing a pair of jeans as an act of rebellion to impress a teenager's friend group
Stealing unneeded clothing and keeping the unused clothing items piled in a basement closet
Which of the following is true of symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Symptoms are constantly present. Symptoms tend to only be present in 1-2 menstrual cycles per year. Symptoms follow a cyclic pattern that follows the menstrual cycle. Symptoms include suicidal thoughts and inflated self-esteem.
Symptoms follow a cyclic pattern that follows the menstrual cycle.
Cognitive theories of OCD tend to focus on which of the following? Thoughts about deviant sexual acts or harming others The frequency with which people experience intrusive thoughts Thoughts about extreme religious beliefs or contamination The type of compulsion performed in response to the intrusive thought
The frequency with which people experience intrusive thoughts
Which of the following is the most significant challenge to the treatment of somatic symptom and related disorders? The treatment of comorbid substance use disorders The patient's reluctance to acknowledge possible psychological causes of symptoms The patient's continued attempts to gain external rewards The patient's unwillingness to discuss their physical symptoms
The patient's reluctance to acknowledge possible psychological causes of symptoms
Research has suggested which of the following regarding somatic symptom and related disorders? There is a higher rate of work productivity among this population. Rates are higher in males. Rates are higher in children. There is a higher rate of medical care utilization among this population.
There is a higher rate of medical care utilization among this population.
Which of the following is NOT a common obsession reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder? Thinking inappropriate sexual thoughts Thinking someone is putting thoughts in your head Contracting a disease Harming a loved one
Thinking someone is putting thoughts in your head
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the impact of anorexia nervosa? This disorder does not impact social functioning. This disorder leads to closer peer compared to family relationships. This disorder impacts physical, social, and family functioning. This disorder tends to impact individual but not family functioning.
This disorder impacts physical, social, and family functioning.
Involuntary commitment for anorexia nervosa treatment should be _____ and ____. the first line of treatment; implemented when physical safety is at risk a last resort after voluntary hospitalization has been declined; when mental health is declining a last resort after voluntary hospitalization has been declined; when physical safety is at risk the first line of treatment; implemented when mental health is declining
a last resort after voluntary hospitalization has been declined; when physical safety is at risk
Amenorrhea is ______, and it is _______ for a diagnosis anorexia nervosa. presence of menstruation for 3 consecutive months; required absence of menstruation for 3 consecutive months; no longer required absence of menstruation for 3 consecutive months; required presence of menstruation for 3 consecutive months; no longer required
absence of menstruation for 3 consecutive months; no longer required
Anorexia nervosa typically begins in ______. adolescence early adulthood childhood older adulthood
adolescence
In the context of bulimia nervosa, an episode of binge eating is characterized by eating _______ and ______. foods that are high in either fat, sugar, or carbs; a sense of hyperfocus an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most would eat in a period of time; a sense of hyperfocus an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most would eat in a period of time; a sense of lack of control foods that are high in either fat, sugar, or carbs; a sense of lack of control
an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most would eat in a period of time; a sense of lack of control
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of depression is ________. appropriate for treatment-resistant depression no longer practiced considered against psychology's ethical guidelines appropriate for those with mild to moderate depression
appropriate for treatment-resistant depression
Passive suicidal ideation refers to a desire to _____________. be dead with a specific plan of how to carry out the act be dead without specific plans for how to die by suicide cause oneself harm but not to die cause serious harm or death to another person
be dead without specific plans for how to die by suicide
With regards to dieting, individuals with genetic risk factors for eating disorders may ________. be more likely to be triggered to engage in more extreme restriction than individuals with no genetic risk factors be less likely to be triggered to engage in more extreme restriction than individuals with no genetic risk factors be less likely to lose weight than individuals with no genetic risk factors be more likely to lose weight rapidly than individuals with no genetic risk factors
be more likely to be triggered to engage in more extreme restriction than individuals with no genetic risk factors
One criterion for bulimia nervosa is that individual's self-evaluations are unduly influenced by ________. negative critiques and feedback traditional and social media social comparisons body shape and weight
body shape and weight
Bulimia nervosa is frequently comorbid with ______. borderline personality disorder avoidant personality disorder autism spectrum disorder schizophrenia
borderline personality disorder
Periods of relapse and remission are _____ for individuals with anorexia nervosa, and many individuals may later develop _________. common; bulimia nervosa uncommon; antisocial personality disorder uncommon; bulimia nervosa common; antisocial personality disorder
common; bulimia nervosa
Individuals diagnosed with _______ fluctuate between symptoms of hypomania and depression. bipolar I cyclothymic disorder bipolar II rapid cycling bipolar disorder
cyclothymic disorder
Malingering involves ____ producing symptoms for ____. unintentionally; no personal gain unintentionally; personal gain deliberately; no personal gain deliberately; personal gain
deliberately; personal gain
Night eating syndrome consists of _______ that a person ____ the next day. eating excessively during the evening meal compared to other meals; can recall eating excessively after the evening meal or waking up at night to eat; cannot recall eating excessively after the evening meal or waking up at night to eat; can recall eating excessively during the evening meal compared to other meals; cannot recall
eating excessively after the evening meal or waking up at night to eat; can recall
To be diagnosed with depersonalization/derealization disorder, an individual must ______. feel like they are in a dream experience distress or functional impairment report experiences consistent with hallucinations feel detached
experience distress or functional impairment
Learned helplessness can occur after someone _________ and believes they cannot change or control the outcome. experiences an unconscious loss seeks help from a trusted source overworks themselves experiences a repeatedly stressful situation
experiences a repeatedly stressful situation
CBT for OCD involves _____ a feared stimulus while behaviors to reduce anxiety are ______. avoiding; promoted avoiding; prevented exposure to; promoted exposure to; prevented
exposure to; prevented
Fire setting in pyromania is associated with______. gaining monetary rewards feelings of pleasure or gratification seeking revenge concealing evidence of crimes
feelings of pleasure or gratification
Bulimia nervosa is more common in _____, and it tends to start _________ compared to anorexia nervosa. males; somewhat later females; somewhat earlier males; somewhat earlier females; somewhat later
females; somewhat later
Discarding items for someone with hoarding disorder is most often associated with ____. hallucinations and insomnia relief and relaxation anxiety and worry grief and anger
grief and anger
Bipolar disorder and substance use disorders are _____. only able to be diagnosed in adults unable to be diagnosed at the same time rarely comorbid highly comorbid
highly comorbid
The ______ is influential in ________. hypothalamus; impulse control cerebellum; appetite and weight control cerebellum; impulse control hypothalamus; appetite and weight control
hypothalamus; appetite and weight control
The role of the _____ system in depression, including associations with inflammation, is a newer area of etiology research. muscular respiratory nervous immune
immune
Individuals with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) often experience depressive episodes ______ and may be effectively treated with _________. in fall or winter; light therapy during holidays; light therapy in fall or winter; electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during holidays; interpersonal therapy
in fall or winter; light therapy
Guidelines urge media outlets to ______ when covering stories involving suicide. place stories prominently to increase awareness about mental health describe the way in which the person died include resources for seeking help provide details about the location where an individual died
include resources for seeking help
Nutritional therapy is _________. effective for BED but not bulimia nervosa effective for bulimia nervosa but not BED most effective as a sole intervention for anorexia nervosa ineffective as a sole intervention for eating disorders
ineffective as a sole intervention for eating disorders
Similar to findings with major depressive disorder, some medications to treat bipolar disorder, like nutraceuticals, target _____. dopamine inflammation GABA the respiratory system
inflammation
Pica occurs most commonly in individuals with _______. anorexia nervosa intellectual developmental disorder substance use disorder antisocial personality disorder
intellectual developmental disorder
Fire setting in pyromania must be ______. accidental unplanned infrequent intentional
intentional
Bipolar I involves _______, whereas bipolar II involves _______. manic episodes with or without depressive episodes; hypomanic and depressive episodes alternating manic and depressive episodes; hypomanic and depressive episodes manic episodes with or without depressive episodes; only depressive episodes alternating manic and depressive episodes; only depressive episodes
manic episodes with or without depressive episodes; hypomanic and depressive episodes
The _______ involves communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. posterior pituitary hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis microbiome-gut-brain axis anterior pituitary
microbiome-gut-brain axis
Factitious disorder is characterized by the production of signs or symptoms of illness driven by a ______. necessity for food or shelter desire for financial gain wish to avoid work need to be in a sick role
need to be in a sick role
Pica involves eating ______. past the point of being full nonfood substances in private excessive amounts of food
nonfood substances
Compared to psychosurgeries, deep brain stimulation for OCD is ____________________. more invasive associated with significantly more side effects not creating permanent changes in the brain used for treatment-resistant OCD
not creating permanent changes in the brain
A behavioral perspective views ______ as maintaining OCD symptoms through ________. operant conditioning; negative reinforcement unconscious conflicts; defense mechanisms operant conditioning; positive reinforcement unconscious conflicts; unstable relationships
operant conditioning; negative reinforcement
Pica is more common in _______ and may be related to _______. pregnancy; iron deficiencies infancy; feeding problems early childhood; feeding problems late childhood; iron deficiencies
pregnancy; iron deficiencies
Someone with illness anxiety disorder is _____ about having an illness despite ______. unconcerned; medical reassurance to the contrary unconcerned; having neurologically focused symptoms preoccupied; having neurologically focused symptoms preoccupied; medical reassurance to the contrary
preoccupied; medical reassurance to the contrary
Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by binge eating episodes without _____. a sense of lack of control over eating eating until feeling uncomfortably full recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most would eat
recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors
An argument for including disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in the DSM-5 was to _______. raise reimbursement rates for pediatric psychiatrists increase access to medications stop children from developing depression reduce the rate of childhood bipolar diagnoses
reduce the rate of childhood bipolar diagnoses
Contemporary psychodynamic theories of depression describe the impact of ______, rather than ________. relationships and loss; unconscious processes learning histories; anger turned inward unconscious processes; relationships and loss anger turned inward; learning histories
relationships and loss; unconscious processes
ARFID consists of _____, and it is most common in _____. compulsive or excessive eating; children restricted or inadequate eating; children restricted or inadequate eating; older adults compulsive or excessive eating; older adults
restricted or inadequate eating; children
The etiology for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder includes _______. strong familial and genetic components weak familial and genetic components no information about genetics because it has not been sufficiently studied no genetic components
strong familial and genetic components
Somatic symptom disorder is less focused on the _____ and more focused on the _____. neurological symptoms; physical symptoms physical symptoms; neurological symptoms reaction to the somatic symptom; type of somatic symptom type of somatic symptom; reaction to the somatic symptom
type of somatic symptom; reaction to the somatic symptom
Behavioral theories of kleptomania and pyromania focus on the role of positive reinforcement _______, and the role of negative reinforcement ________. via reduction in tension associated with stealing/fire-setting; via pleasurable feelings that follow and reinforce stealing/fire-setting via pleasurable feelings that follow and reinforce stealing/fire-setting; via reduction in tension associated with stealing/fire-setting via environmental cues triggering urges for stealing/fire-setting; via behaviors to protect someone's self-concept via behaviors to protect someone's self-concept; via environmental cues triggering urges for stealing/fire-setting
via pleasurable feelings that follow and reinforce stealing/fire-setting; via reduction in tension associated with stealing/fire-setting
Which of the following correctly identifies the primary difference between someone diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and someone diagnosed with binge eating disorder? whether or not the person is overweight whether or not the person engages in compensatory behaviors whether or not the person has negative body image whether or not the person engages in binge eating episodes
whether or not the person engages in compensatory behaviors
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are more common in _______. women than men men than women middle-aged adults than adolescents older adults than adolescents
women than men
