Review From 1491-1607 ¨Settling of the Western Hemisphere¨

1492

Voyage of Columbus to the Americas

In the late 19th century, Great Plains tribes illustrated in the map above experimented

dispersal to small reservations

Colombian Exchange

exchange of crops, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe and colonies of the Western Hemisphere that developed in the aftermath of the voyages of Columbus.

In northeastern North America before European contact, the Iroquois developed the tradition of

the longhouse

In the map above, Southwest American Indian communities benefited most from

the spread of the maize culture

Pre-Columbian Southwest Indians were most noted for which environmental transformation practice?

Irrigation

1520-1530

Smallpox epidemic devastates Native American populations in many parts of South and Central America, virtually wiping out some tribes

1542

Spanish explorers travel through southwestern United States

Based on the map above, in which region were American Indians the most mobile?

The Great Basin and Western Plains

Encomienda System

This system forced Native Americans onto Spanish plantations in exchange for the dubious benefit of Spanish ¨protection.¨

Between the 16th and 18th centuries, which aspect of American Indian and European cultures was most similar?

Trade and Commerce

Crusadea

reintroduced Europeans to the markets of the East

Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians

responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles

Before the arrival of the Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians

responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles

Summary

there were several reasons why Europeans became interested in the Americas during this period. Economic, political, and religious factors were most important. The Spanish originally viewed the Americas as a barrier to a direct route to the Indies. However, soon they developed a large empire in South and Central America and viewed the region as a potential source of tremendous wealth. Some Native American tribes had developed complex civilizations in the years before the Europeans arrived. The ecosystem of the Americas was drastically altered by the arrival of the Europeans.

1519

Cortes enters Mexico

The maize culture of the Southwest was most similar to the pre-Columbian culture of the

Pueblo

Which of the following resulted from the differing worldviews of American Indians and Europeans as illustrated in the excerpt above?

Debates over how American Indians should be treated or ¨civilized¨

Causes that made Europeans interested in America:

economic difficulties in Europe, the desire for geographic knowledge, the desire to acquire lands, riches, and raw materials, and the desire to spread Christianity