RM - Ch. 2

Both PsycINFO and Google Scholar A) allow you to identify journal articles on a specific topic B) identify whether an article is peer-reviewed C) allow you to limit your search items to specific fields D) are free search tools

A) allow you to identify journal articles on a specific topic

Which of the following best describes an abstract? A) brief summary of an article B) computerized database C) description of studies recently published in other psychology journals D) index of authors in the field of psychology

A) brief summary of an article

You and your friends go to see a speaker on campus. The speaker, Dr. Darian, is an "expert" on getting into graduate school. Which of the following should make you less skeptical about his advice? A) His recommendations are based on the techniques that helped him get into graduate school. B) His recommendations are based on research he conducted for his dissertation. C) His recommendations are based on techniques that have worked for his students. D) His recommendations are similar to what you knew before you came to the talk?

B) His recommendations are based on research he conducted for his dissertation.

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which section should you read first? A) method B) abstract C) introduction D) discussion

B) abstract

How does research overcome the problem of confounds? A) Research focuses on one possible explanation for the results. B) Research combines data across diverse individuals. C) Research systematically compares multiple conditions. D) Research uses intuition to detect potential confounds.

C) Research systematically compares multiple conditions.

Which of the following is the first section of an empirical journal article? A) results B) introduction C) abstract D) references

C) abstract

Which of the following sections comes last in an empirical journal article? A) method B) introduction C) discussion D) results

C) discussion

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which two questions should you ask yourself as you read? A) "What were the methods?" and "What are the results?" B) "What is the hypothesis?" and "What are the explanations?" C) "What research exists on this topic?" and "What research needs to be conducted to answer the question?" D) "What is the argument?" and "What is the evidence to support the argument?"

D) "What is the argument?" and "What is the evidence to support the argument?"

Different factors that could account for significant results are called A) confounds B) predictions C) hypotheses D) biases

A) confounds

The deliberate creation and sharing of information known to be false is A) disinformation B) the result of a bias in thinking C) predatory D) poor scientific journalism

A) disinformation

What does the impact factor of a journal tell you? A) how often, on average, papers in that journal have been cited B) where that journal is ranked by scientists C) how difficult the articles in that journal are to read D) that the journal is definitely not predatory because predatory journals do not have impact factors

A) how often, on average, papers in that journal have been cited

One of the reasons that research studies are superior to personal experience is that A) they include at least one comparison group B) they avoid constants C) an authority is involved D) they use confederates

A) they include at least one comparison group

Why is it important to adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner? A) to avoid falling into the pitfalls of personal biases B) to be able to sway people with a good story C) to know what evidence people like best D) to identify the most intuitive explanations

A) to avoid falling into the pitfalls of personal biases

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic? A) Conclusions drawn from behavioral research are probably true. B) Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases. C) Behavioral research requires the calculation of probability estimates. D) Behavioral research involves probability sampling.

B) Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases.

If you wanted to know exactly which statistical analyses were used in a particular study, you should consult the A) introduction section B) results section C) discussion section D) method section

B) results section

Angel reads about a study in which smartphone use is associated with migraine headaches. He says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a smartphone more than anyone I know, and I never get migraines." Based on his comment, Angel may be forgetting which of the following? A) The study did not properly define smartphone use. B) The study has been replicated. C) Science is probabilistic. D) Science is based on empiricism.

C) Science is probabilistic.

RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Sariyah is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. She studies 40 people and finds the following results: Exposed x Lost Weight (Cell A): 15 people Not Exposed x Lost Weight (Cell B): 10 people Exposed x Not Lost Weight (Cell C): 5 people Not Exposed x Not Lost Weight (Cell D): 10 people To understand whether the subliminal messages have an effect, Sariyah needs to consider which of the following cells in the chart? A) She must consider Cells A and C. B) She must consider only Cell A. C) She must consider all of the cells. D) She must consider Cells A and B.

C) She must consider all of the cells.

Lana is writing her first empirical journal article. Although she thinks she knows why she found the results she did, she also wants to mention some alternative explanations for her findings. In which section will she mention these alternative explanations? A) method B) references C) discussion D) results

C) discussion

Which of the following is NOT a section or subsection commonly found in an empirical journal article? A) procedure B) abstract C) outcomes D) participants

C) outcomes

Journal articles that are available through subscription only are A) open access B) predatory C) paywalled D) a primary source of disinformation

C) paywalled

Javier wants his lab partner to tell him if he thinks the article he found for their project is appropriate. Rather than have him read the entire article, which two parts of the paper could Javier have his lab partner read to get a summary of the article? A) the abstract and the first paragraph of the introduction B) the abstract and the method section C) the abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion D) the last paragraph of the introduction and the results section

C) the abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion

Marcella is conducting a PsycINFO search for treatments for autism spectrum disorder by searching "autism treatment." However, her search is returning too many results. If she is interested in getting more specific results, Marcella could search: A) "autism spectrum disorder" or "treatment" or "symptom improvement" B) "autism treatment" C) using the "or" function for all thesaurus synonyms for autism D) "autism treatment" and "behavioral" and enter an age range of interest

D) "autism treatment" and "behavioral" and enter an age range of interest

Compared with doing a generic internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources? A) It searches research scientists' websites. B) It can be done on any computer. C) It is free. D) It searches only sources in psychology and related fields.

D) It searches only sources in psychology and related fields.

Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. Where should she go if she wants to look for a list of the study's hypotheses or research questions? A) first page of the method section B) first page of the article C) last page of the results section D) last paragraph of the introduction

D) last paragraph of the introduction

You read research that found that first-born children tend to have higher IQs than their siblings. However, you typically earn higher grades than your older brother. Scientists might explain this discrepancy by saying that: A) your intuition is better than research B) you have fallen prey to your blind spot bias C) you have cherry-picked information to support your conclusion D) research is probabilistic

D) research is probabilistic