Rock and Roll Exam 2

Maxine Powell

America etiquette instructor and talent agent for Motown, she taught grooming, poise, and social graces

Seeds

American Garage Rock band. Active from 1965-1969 and 1969-1972. Coined the phrase "Flower Power" (passive resistance and non-violence ideology). Paved the way for punk rock in the 1970s. Sky Saxon was the lead singer. Can't Seem to Make You Mine, Pushin' Too Hard, and A Thousand Shadows all received modest success. The release of the album Future in mid-1967 marked the commercial peak of the Seeds' career. Influenced The Ramones, Garbage, Spirits in the Sky, Smashing Pumpkins, etc.

Martha and the Vandellas

American all-female black singing group during Motown, "Come and Get These Memories", "Heat Wave", "Quicksand", "Dancing in the Street"

The Supremes

American black female singing group, premier act of Motown, Diana Ross was the lead singer, were founded as The Primettes in Michigan,

Eric Burdon

English singer and songwriter, singer of English rock band The Animals and funk band War, regarded as one of the British Invasion's most distinct singers with his deep powerful blues rock voice

Wilson Pickett

Wilson Pickett was an American singer and songwriter. A major figure in the development of American soul music, Pickett recorded over 50 songs which made the US R&B charts, many of which crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100. Among his best-known hits are "In the Midnight Hour", "Land of 1,000 Dances", "Mustang Sally", and "Funky Broadway".

Lamont Dozier

Wrote for Motown

Kingsmen

beat/garage band from Oregon, best known for their recording of Richard Berry's "Louie Louie" which hit number 2 on Billboard.

The Four Tops

black vocal quartet from Michigan who helped define the city's Motown sound, had Stubbs, a baritone singer, as their lead singer (instead of a tenor lead), "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)", "Reach Out I'll Be There", "Ain't No Woman"

Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton

co-founders of Stax Records,

Brian and Eddie Holland

wrote, arranged, and produced many songs that helped define Motown along with Lamont Dozier

Alexis Korner

British blues musician and radio broadcaster, sometimes referred to as a "founding father of British Blues", brought a lot of British blues musicians together. Formed with Davies the London Blues and Barrelhouse Club in 1955. In 1961, Korner and Davies formed Blues Incorporated which featured electric blues and R&B music. Davies left in 1962, and Korner stayed in control till 1966. Began a career in broadcasting in the 1960s. On October 17, 1967, he interviewed The Jimi Hendrix Experience for the BBC radio show "Top Gear." Died of lung cancer on January 1, 1984 at 55 years old.

Spencer Davis Group

British rock band, "Somebody Help Me", "Keep on Running", "I'm a Man", "Gimme Some Lovin'"

Yardbirds

British rock band, had guitarists Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page, early experiments with hard and psychedelic rock

Ray Charles

Ray Charles Robinson was an American singer-songwriter, musician and composer known as Ray Charles. He was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company. Frank Sinatra called Charles "the only true genius in show business," although Charles downplayed this notion.

Stax

Record company in Memphis, TN founded in 1957. Released funk, gospel, jazz, and blues songs. Founded by Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton. After losing Otis Redding and losing it's distribution deal with Atlantic Records, Al Bell became the new co-owner. Al Bell pushed Stax to compete with Motown Records. Due to complications, the record label closed in 1975.

Motown

Record label from Detroit. "Hitsville USA".

Robert Quine

Robert Wolfe Quine was an American guitarist, known for his innovative guitar solos. A native of Akron, Ohio, Quine worked with a wide range of musicians, though he himself remained relatively unknown in comparison. Critic Mark Demming writes "Quine's eclectic style embraced influences from jazz, rock, and blues players of all stripes, and his thoughtful technique and uncompromising approach led to rewarding collaborations with a number of visionary musicians."

The Temptations

American black vocal group that sold hit singles with Motown, "Cloud Nine" pioneered psychedelic soul and was significant in the evolution of R&B and soul music, band members are known for their choreography, distinct harmonies, and flashy wardrobe,

Cholly Atkins

American dancer and vaudeville performer, later became noticed as the house choreographer for Motown

Shadows of Knight

American garage rock band from Chicago, mixed British blues with influences from their city, "Gloria". Quoted as saying about themselves: "The Stones, Animals and the Yardbirds took the Chicago blues and gave it an English interpretation. We've taken the English version of the Blues and re-added a Chicago touch." Another garage rock band.

Sonics

American garage rock band from Washington, had a major influence on punk, garage, and hard rock bands worldwide, have been known to inspire Nirvana, Bruce Springsteen, "Louie Louie", "Skinny Minnie",

Paul Revere and the Raiders

American garage rock band that saw considerable mainstream success during the second half of the 60's and early 70's, "Kick", "Hungry", "Him or Me-What's It gonna Be"

Jimi Hendrix

American guitarist, singer, and songwriter, one of the most influential electric guitarists in history. Considered the greatest guitarist of all time by the Rolling Stones magazine. Completes the British Blues crossover. Born in Seattle and was in the 101st Airborne division, argued whether he was honorably discharged or not. Started his career as a backup for blues and R&B groups. Goes to England with the help of Chas Chandler (Bassist, Animals) where he meets Clapton, Beck, etc. Liked having his group well groomed. Jimi Hendrix and the Experience created his famous hits Hey Joe and Purple Haze. Performance at Monterey Pop Festival and Woodstock where he performs one of the greatest and most political versions of the Star Spangled Banners. Jimi Hendrix had a morning show on one of the last days in Woodstock. "Electric Ladland" features Voodoo Child. Coltrane and McLaughlin are great influences on him. Dies after overdosing on heroin; choked on his own puke (accidental suicide). Hendrix was explorative and flamboyant with his sound. Hendrix is more of a Beethoven.

Electric Prunes

American psychedelic rock band formed in LA, possessed an eerie and anguished sound, incorporated psychedelia and electronic rock, the band's sound was marked by innovative recording techniques with fuzz-toned guitars and oscillating sound effects. Another garage rock band.

Velvet Underground

American rock band (1965-1973), singer Lou Reed, managed by Andy Warhol, featured Nico for an album, eventually became glam rock. Moe Tucker would replace Angus MacLise on drums in 1965. Originally Velvet Underground was not well liked as they were criticized a lot by media and owners of bars/concert hall/cafes that they played at. Eventually they would become critically acclaimed. Now viewed as one of the most influential bands in rock and alternative music. Greatly influenced Milwaukee's own Violent Femmes (Blisters in the Sun). Most popular songs is I'm Waiting for the Man. Known for being experimental in their music by using different sounds (such as viola), explicit messages, and negative images. The band released 4 total albums.

Smokey Robinson

American singer, songwriter, and producer, founder and frontman of the Miracles

Marvin Gaye

American singer, songwriter, and producer, helped shaped the sound of Motown, earned the title "The Prince of Motown", one of the first artists to break away from the reign of production companies, "Ain't That Peculiar", "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "Sexual Healing", Midnight Loving

Otis Redding

American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Known for his song Stand By Me. Song both Soul and R&B. His records were produced at Stax Records in Memphis, TN. At age 15 to help support his family, he worked with Little Richard's band, Upsetters. Died in 1967 when his plan crashed in Lake Monona in Madison, WI.

Rosetta Tharpe

American songwriter, guitarist, and recording artist. Badass black woman that shredded the guitar all the way into the Rock and Roll hall of fame.

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Louise Franklin is an American singer and songwriter. Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, where her father, C. L. Franklin, was minister. In 1960, at the age of 18, she embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success.

David Bowie

David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was a leading figure in popular music for over five decades, acclaimed by critics and fellow musicians for his innovative work. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million albums worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and nine gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.

Funk Brothers

Detroit based session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown records

Blues Incorporated

English Blues band formed by Korner and Davies in 1961, incorporated many musicians

The Animals

English R&B and rock band, known for their lead singer Eric Burdon, "House of the Rising Sun", "We Gotta Get Out Of This Place", "I'm Crying", "It's My Life", "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood".

Jimmy Page

English guitarist, played in the Yardbirds, formed Led Zeppelin

Jeff Beck

English guitarist, played in the Yardbirds, formed The Jeff Beck Group, considered to be one of the most influential lead guitarist. Considered the 5th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stones magazine.

Eric Clapton

English guitarist, singer, and songwriter, left the Yardbirds and played with John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers, formed Cream after leaving Bluesbreakers. Clapton was very inventive with his music. Considered second greatest guitarist behind Hendrix. Clapton's genius was constraint and constructive and measured. Clapton is more of a Mozart.

Steve Winwood

English musician, part of The Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, Blind Faith and Go, and had a solo career

Andrew Oldham

English record producer, managed The Rolling Stones,

Rolling Stones

English rock band formed in London in 1962-present, "Little Red Rooster", "Under My Thumb", "Satisfaction." First stable lineup consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Rooted in blues and early rock and roll that toyed with psychedelic tones to go with their rebellious messages and sound, british blues and brought out the double crossover. They have released 30 studio albums, 13 love albums, and 109 singles. 4th best selling group of all time. Because of the Stones and other british blues bands, many Americans went back to buy old African American blues albums.

The Kinks

English rock band that emerged at the height of the British R&B and Merseybeat, were briefly involved in the British Invasion. Known for songs You Really Got Me and All Day and All Night

Berry Gordy, Jr.

Founder of Motown Records. Was the highest earning African American for decades. Named Motown Records, "Hitsville USA". Innovative techniques of using competition amongst the writers of his own company to create enduring classics and chart topping hits. He also employed the help of Maxine Powell and Cholly Atkins to mold African American singers to become less offensive to white audiences.

Jerry Wexler

Gerald "Jerry" Wexler was a music journalist-turned music producer, and was one of the main record industry players behind music from the 1950s through the 1980s. He coined the term "rhythm and blues", and was integral in signing and/or producing many of the biggest acts of the time, including Ray Charles, the Allman Brothers, Chris Connor, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dire Straits, Dusty Springfield and Bob Dylan. Wexler was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987 and in 2017 to the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.

Nico

German singer, songwriter, artists, came to prominence in 1960s as a Warhol superstar. Sung on Velvet Underground's debut album The Velvet Underground & Nico in 1967. Was featured in Andy Warhol's Chelsea Girls in 1966. Was addicted to Heroin for 15 years, and was a known racist (described as "Nazi-esque" and even yelled at a mixed woman "I hate black people!"). Died of a heart attack on July 18, 1988 after suffering a heart attack will riding a bike with her son in Ibiza. Upon having the heart attack, she fell off her bike and hit her head on the ground. It was found after she died that she had suffered a severe cerebral hemorrhage as the cause of death.

Rory Gallagher

Irish blues and rock multi-instrumentalist, formed the band Taste and later started a solo career,

Them

Irish rock band, most known for their garage rock standard "Gloria", Van Morrison is singer, "Baby, Please Don't Go", "Here Comes the Night"

George Ivan (Van) Morrison

Irish singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, and producer, lead singer of Them, Moondance established Morrison as a distinguished artist, "Brown Eyed Girl"

Jonathan Richman

Jonathan Michael Richman is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970 he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band. Since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key, acoustic and electric, backing. Currently, he plays only acoustic to protect his hearing. He is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world

Sky Saxon

Lead singer and founder of the psychedelic flower power garage rock band The Seeds. Called an American imitation of Mick Jagger. On June 25, 2009, Saxon died of heart and renal failure due to an infection. His death was overshadowed by the death of Michael Jackson who died the same day.

Violent Femmes

Milwaukee band known for there song Blisters in the Sun. Greatly influenced by Velvet Underground.

Swampers

The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, also known as the Swampers, is a group of American studio musicians playing soul, R&B, rock and roll and country, based in the city of Muscle Shoals, Alabama. They have appeared on more than 500 recordings, including 75 gold and platinum hits. Originally the house band at Rick Hall's FAME Studios, the group went on to found their own competing business, the famed Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. The group was inducted into the Nashville-based Musicians Hall of Fame in 2008 and into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1995, "as four of the finest studio musicians in the world", also receiving the Lifework Award in 2008

Staples Singers

The Staple Singers were an American gospel, soul and R&B singing group. Roebuck "Pops" Staples, the patriarch of the family, formed the group with his children Cleotha, Pervis, and Mavis. Yvonne replaced her brother when he was drafted into the U.S. Army, and again in 1970. They are best known for their 1970s hits "Respect Yourself", "I'll Take You There", "If You're Ready", and "Let's Do It Again", which with one exception peaked on the Hot 100 within a week from Christmas Day. While the family name is Staples, the group used "Staple" commercially.

Moe Tucker

drummer for Velvet Underground from 1965-1971. Replaced Angus MacLise in 1965 on drums. She played drums standing up rather than sitting, played with mallets instead of drumsticks, and rarely used cymbals. She believed drummers were supposed to "keep time" during a song. She temporarily left the band in 1970 due to pregnancy. While she says she has always voted Democrat, she supported the Tea Party (claimed that we are being led to socialism), and expressed strong hatred toward Obama even referring to him as King Obama (said "Obama's plan is to destroy America from within").

Cyril Davies

formed Blues Incorporated with Alexis Korner, one of the first Chicago blues harmonica players in England.

Sterling Morrison

guitarist of Velvet Underground from 1965-1971. Never made solo albums or recordings under his own name. He had a conventional guitar style whereas Reed's was more experimental. Died in 1995 from lymphoma.

Brian Jones

guitarist/harmonica of Rollings Stones, most blues oriented, slide guitar, later replaced by Mick Taylor after developing a drug addiction that caused the band to kick him out for being increasingly unreliable. His death occurred a month after being removed from the Stones in 1969 as he died from drowning while under the influence of drugs.

Andy Warhol

influential and controversial artist, managed and produced the experimental rock band the Velvet Underground. Leading figure in the visual art movement known as "pop art." One of his best known works is the silkscreen painting Campbell's Soup Cans (1962). His New York studio is known as "The Factory," and became a known gathering place for distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. Founded Interview Magazine. Openly gay, and was gay before the liberation movement. Worked a lot with Nico. Died after gallbladder surgery in February 1987 at 58 years old.

Steve Cropper

is an American guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the guitarist of the Stax Records house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, which backed artists such as Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor. He also acted as the producer of many of these records. He was later a member of the Blues Brothers band.[2] Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 39th on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.[3]

Al Bell

is an American record producer, songwriter, and record executive. He is best known as having been an executive and co-owner of Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee, during the latter half of the label's 19-year existence.

Booker T. and the M.G.'s.

is an instrumental R&B/funk band that was influential in shaping the sound of Southern soul and Memphis soul. The original members of the group were Booker T. Jones (organ, piano), Steve Cropper (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass), and Al Jackson Jr. (drums). In the 1960s, as members of the house band of Stax Records, they played on hundreds of recordings by artists such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas, Johnnie Taylor and Albert King. They also released instrumental records under their own name, of which the best known is the 1962 hit single "Green Onions".[1] As originators of the unique Stax sound, the group was one of the most prolific, respected, and imitated of its era. By the mid-1960s, bands on both sides of the Atlantic were trying to sound like Booker T. & the M.G.'s.[2][3]In 1965, Steinberg was replaced by Donald "Duck" Dunn, who played with the group until his death in 2012. Al Jackson, Jr. was murdered in 1975, after which Dunn, Cropper and Jones reunited on numerous occasions using various drummers, including Willie Hall, Anton Fig, Steve Jordan and Steve Potts.[2] ... The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2008, and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2012.[4] ... Having two white members (Cropper and Dunn), Booker T. & the M.G.'s was one of the first racially integrated rock groups, at a time when soul music and the Memphis music scene in particular were generally considered the preserve of black culture.[5]

Lou Reed

lead singer of Velvet Underground from 1965-1970, most popular album is Transformer, got the attention of David Bowie, became a solo artist after leaving the Velvet Underground in 1970. Bowie produced Reed's second solo album Transformer which brought Reed mainstream recognition. He would go on to lease 20 solo albums. Most popular song is Walk on the Wild Side. For a long time, Reed's music did not sell well causing him to slip into drug addiction and alcoholism. Prior to Velvet Underground, he worked as a songwriter for Pickwick Records in 1964 where he wrote the single The Ostrich. Died in 2013 of liver disease after a transplant. Many of his songs were about the actual things he saw and lived through. Heroin is one of his most well known songs that he wrote in college.

John Cale

multi-instrumentalist who co-founded the Velvet Underground. He was apart of the band from 1964-1968. Welsh musician

Ray and Dave Davies

singer and guitarist of the English rock band The Kinks,