RPH (Spanish Settlement - Under Spanish Rule)

First settlement in Cebu

- April 27, 1565, Legazpi and his men arrived in Cebu - Tupas was the Cebu Chieftain - Policy of Attraction - Fort Pedro and San Miguel

Founding of Manila

- Rajah Sulayman - June 24, 1571, Legazpi made Manila as the capital - "Distinguished and ever Loyal City - Legazpi as the first governor general

Carlos Ma. de la Torre

- arrived in Manila in 1869 - a friend to the indios - considered as the Governor General in the Philippines

Cavite Mutiny

- caused by the abolition of privileges of the workers and native army members of arsenal - the prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades for the Filipinos - occured on January 20, 1872

Rafael de Izquierdo

- ruled Philippines with a cross in one hand and a sword in the other - reverse policies of de la Torre - considered as the worst governor general

Missionaries

---- were sent to the colony after the death of Legazpi to continue the conversion to catholicism

Dominican

----- missionaries came to Manila and labored to spread Catholic faith in Manila, Cagayan Region, and Pangasinan

Franciscan

------ missionaries arrived and spread the Catholic faith in Manila, in provinces near and around Laguna de Bay, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon.

Opening of the Ports

1834 - Manila 1855 - Iloilo, Zamboanga, and Sual 1860 - Cebu 1873 - Tacloban and Legazpi

Council of the Indies

As a crown colony, the Philippines was administered by the

true

As governor general, he was the representative of the King of Spain and he possessed vast executive, legislative, and judicial powers. t or f

captain-general or governor-general

Central government was headed by ____ appointed by the King of Spain

- filipinos drafted to work must be paid for work - filipino workers should not be made to work in distant places where they could not return to their families - drafting of labourers should not coincide with planting and harvesting seasons - physically incapable men should not be overworked - forced labor should not be resorted to only in a clear case of absolute necessity - numbers of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as laborers from other countries had volunteered to work

Forced labor or polo y servicio include:

true

Governor Santiago de Vera was the first president of the Audiencia. t or f

superior decrees

Governor general issued with the force of laws called ----

Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministry (Ministerio de Ultramar)

In 1863, the Philippines as a colony was placed under the jurisdiction of

Laws of the Indies

Like Mexico and America, the Laws of ---- were applied to the Philippines

true

Many Filipinos were converted to Catholic faith by the first Augustinians who came to the Philippines with Legazpi in 1565. t or f

a crown colony

Philippines was a possession or property of the King of Spain, therefore it was -----

La Novisima Recopilacion, Leyes de Toro, Siete Partidas

Spanish laws applied to the Philippines were

polo y servicio

Spanish officials in the Philippines compelled the Filipinos to work but some conditions were set for the forced labor called ---

Royal orders and and decrees with the proper administration of the colony

Spanish officials were appointed by the King of Spain and, who issued

highest court

The Audiencia was the ---- so far as civil and criminal cases were concerned

central

The Spanish colonizers organized in the Philippines a highly ____ form of government which means that government was so powerful that everything had to be done with its consent

council composed of 400 members

The audiencia was abolished in 1590 and was replaced with ____ headed by the governor general

true

The governor general was the presiding officer of the audiencia, the vice-royal patron in the Philippines. t or f

true

The purpose of expedition to Moluccas was primarily commercial (t or f)

executive and judicial

The two branches of government during Spanish settlement:

the laws for the Philippines were by the Spaniards and governor general.

There were no legislature or congress because?

residencia and visita

These two institutions were made to stop the abuses of high spanish officials in the colony

Augustinian Order

When Legazpi sailed for the Philippines, he was accompanied by some friars belonging to the ____

true

Where there is no governor, the Audiencia exercised his political and administrative powers and audited the finances of government. t or f

Mestizo Spanish Mestizo Chinese Mestizo

__- are born of parentage. Can be _____ where one parent is spanish and the other is native or _____ where one parent is chinese and the other is native

Missionaries

_____ spread catholicism in around Manila, Bisayas, Ilocos, Pampanga, and Pangasinan. t or f

falla

a fee filipinos had to pay to be exempted from forced labor

sanctorum

a small part of tribute that went to church

regular priests

belonged to four religious orders: - dominicans - recollects - augustinians - franciscans

Cebu, Manila, Vigan, Nueva Segovia, Arevalo, Nueva Caceres

by seventeenth century, Philippines had six cities:

ayuntamiento

city government has different government called ---- now the city hall and consisted of two alcaldes, twelve regidores (councilors), a chief of police, a city secretary

- abolished the censorship of press - abolished flogging - solved agrarian unrest in Cavite

de la Torre was famous because of his policy such as:

Royal decrees

decrees or orders coming from the King of Spain were called ---

cebu and manila

during the first century of Spanish rule, there were only two cities:

cabeza

each barrior or barangay of the town was headed by a ---- who did not receive any salary.

friar-curate

friars became members of some agencies of the central government and in the local government, ---- almost always the census enumerator, health officers, inspector of schools, examiner of pupils who wanted to study, censor who approved or disapproved dramas, and auditor.

diocese

in 1578, Manila was made a ---. at first, it was a mere suffragan of the Archbishophric of Mexico

industrialization

new manufacturing process that made use of steam powered, special purpose machinery, factories, and mass production in Europe

Opening of Suez Canal

paved the way for the importation of books, magazines, and newspapers with liberal ideas from Europe and America

alcalde mayor

provincial mayor was called the ---. His salary was small but he could collect a part of the tributes to increase his income

Sangley

pure blooded chinese born in the Philippines

indio

pure blooded native of the Philippines

peninsulares

pure blooded spaniard born in the Iberian peninsula (spain)

insulares

pure blooded spaniard born in the Philippines

- the population of the Philippines was still small to justify having an audiencia and the natives were very power - audiencia was a financial burden to Spain

some people in the government were against the Audiencia because:

clergy

the --- were active in the government and had political powers.

- the discovery of the Philippines was made under the Auspices of Spain, therefor Spain is the rightful owner of the Philippines - Spain was the owner of the Philippines through conquest or actual occupation

the Spanish claim to the Philippines was based on two reasons:

Ecclesiastical Government

the ___ was headed by the Archbishop of Manila, who was appointed by the pope upon the recommendation of the King of Spain.

right of cumplase

the ____ was the right of the governor to suspend the operation of a royal decree if in his opinion said order or decree wont be beneficial to the administration of the country

Indulto de Comercio

the alcade mayor's right to engage in trade is called

principalia

the cabeza was considered a member of the ---- or aristocracy

Ecclesiastical court or Archbishop Court

the church, like the government, had a court of justice called ---

true

the council was unsatisfactory due to its large number so the King ordered the re-establishment of audiencia in 1595. t or f

Audiencia

the judicial powers of the government was exercised by the _____ and lower courts

situado

the mexican government sent to the Philippines an annual subsidy called

- the number of people living in it - the value of land on which the natives live

the size of encomienda was determined by:

secularization movement

the slow and gradual transfer of church from regular to secular priests

Gobernadorcillo

the town or municipality was headed by ____ (little governor) also called capitan municipal or simply captain

I obey but do not comply

the usual formula in exercising the right of cumplase was:

defenders of the faith

there was a union of the church and state in the Philippines so that the officials appointed by the King and his representatives were ---

- royal encomienda which belonged to the king - ecclesiastical encomendia which belonged to the church - private encomienda which belonged to a private individual

three typesof encomienda:

Galleon Trade

trade across Pacific (Manila to Mexico) was called

tribute

was a form of recognition of the Filipinos' loyalty to the King of Spain

visita

was a secret investigation of an official's acts as a public servant whose purpose was to make him work honestly and efficiently as he was expected to do.

vinta

was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast westen Luzon for the defense against Muslim pirates

diezmos prediales

was a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land

encomienda

was not actually a piece of land but a favor from the King under which the Spaniard receiving favor was given the right to collect tributes or taxes from the inhabitants of an area assigned to him; was actually a public office

donativa de zamboanga

was tax specifically used for the conquest of Jolo

residencia

was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in order to ascertain whether they had committed abuses in the performances of their duties.

principalia

wealth pure blooded native of the Philippines

secular priests

were not member of any religious order. mostly are filipino priests