RT 101 : Quizes & Tests

The radiographer may provide a preliminary interpretation of the radiographic study if requested by the patient. - True - False

- False

The abbreviation "KUB" references which anatomic structures? - Kidneys, Urethra, Bladder - Kyphosis, Umbilicus, Bile - Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder - Kidney, Urinary Bladder

- Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder

A general rule states that grids should be used in chest radiography for ________. - Kilovoltage above 80 kVp - Kilovoltage above 100 kVp - All adults - All pediatrics

- Kilovoltage above 100 kVp

The inferior rib margin corresponds to: - T7 - T9-19 - L2-3 - L4-5

- L2-3

The inferior rib margin corresponds to: - T7 - T9-19 - L2-3 - L4-5

- L2-3

What is the recommended kV range for an iodinated, water-soluble barium enema study? - 70 kV to 80 kV - 80 kV to 90 kV - 90 kV to 100 kV - 100 kV to 125 kV

- 80 to 90 kV

The liver secretes approximately ____ ml of bile per day. - 100 to 250 - 500 to 700 - 800 to 1000 - 1200 - 1500

- 800 to 1000

The radius crosses over the ulna when the hand is supinated. - True - False

- False

The sigmoid colon and upper rectum are infraperitoneal structures. - True - False

- False

The term view describes the radiographic image as seen from the vantage of the x-ray tube. - True - False

- False

The ulnar notch is a small depression on the lateral side of the distal radius. - True - False

- False

There are 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) in the left lobe of the lungs. - True - False

- False

When positioning for the AP Right/Left Lateral decubitus abdomen, it is called by the side that is up, and marked according to the side that is down. - True - False

- False

(Hand image) This radiograph represents what radiographic position? - Fan lateral hand - straight lateral hand - lateral wrist - AP 1st digit

- Fan lateral hand

(Hand image) The following image is a PA oblique hand. Which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply. - Image is underexposed - Interphalangeal joints are foreshortened - Midshafts of the 3rd, 4th & 5th metacarpals are overlapped. - Sharp bony trabecular markings are not optimal. - Anatomic side marker is not evident.

- Image is underexposed. - Interphalangeal joints are foreshortened. - Sharp bony trabecular markings are not optimal. - Anatomic side marker is not evident.

The two most important landmarks for chest positioning are: - Top of shoulders and diploid tip - Jugular notch and top of shoulders - Lower margin of thyroid cartilage and vertebral prominens - Jugular notch and vertebral prominens

- Jugular notch and vertebral prominens

Bones of the fingers and thumb are called: - Phalanges - Metacarpals - Carpals - Tarsals

- Phalanges

(Thumb image) What is the radiographic projection of this image? - Posteroanterior - Oblique - Lateral-mediolateral - Lateral-lateromedial

- Posteroanterior

The ulnar notch is a small depression on the medial side of the distal radius. - True - False

- True

Which modality is used for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis? - enteroclysis - MRI - PET - Ultrasound

- Ultrasound

(Chest image) Was an appropriate kVp used for this image? - Yes; the appropriate kVp was used - No; the kVp should be increased - No; the kVp should be decreased

- Yes; the appropriate kVp was used

Radiographic examination of the biliary ducts only is termed: - cholecystography - cholangiography - cholelithiasis - cholecystocholangiography

- cholangiography

If a body part is described as being medial, it is: - closest to the median plane - away from the median plane - towards the head - near the surface of the skin

- closest to the median plane

The point of articulation in the shoulder joint is an oval depression called the: - greater tuberosity - glenoid fossa - lesser tuberosity - coracoid process

- glenoid fossa

The _______ tubercle is in profile medially on the AP internal rotation shoulder. - radial - greater - lesser - inter

- greater

Which term describes the outer, lateral border of the stomach? - lesser curvature - incisura angularis - gastric border - greater curvature

- greater curvature

(Wrist Image) Which carpal bone is "H"? - scaphoid - trapezium - hamate - pisiform

- hamate

What specific part of the pancreas is adjacent to the c-loop of the duodenum? - tail - body - head - neck

- head

__________ contrast is ________ scale. - high; long - low; short - high; short - low; high

- high; short

The area of each lung where the bronchi and blood vessels enter and leave is called the: - carina - apex - base - hilum

- hilum

(Chest image) Identify label "G" - carina - hilum-left - hilum- right - alveoli-left

- hilum-right

The interphalangeal joints are what type of diarthrodial joint? -saddle - gliding - condyloid - hinge

- hinge

To best evaluate an AC joint separation of dislocation; an erect AP projection is obtained with the patient: - holding a weight in each hand - hands on hips - extension of the neck - putting arms over the head

- holding weights in each hand

With regards to the scapulohumeral joint, which of the following allows for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction? - spheroidal - pivot - gliding - saddle

- spheroidal

What is an older term for the hepatopancreatic sphincter? - duodenal papilla - sphincter of vater - duodenal sphincter - sphincter of oddi

- sphincter of oddi

The bony ridge that passes across the posterior border of the scapula is the: - neck - angle - spine - acromion

- spine

Saliva contains certain enzymes to being in the digestion of: - starch - minerals - proteins - lipids

- starch

Which radiographic sign is frequently seen with adenocarcinoma of the large intestine? - "sail" sign - Diverticula - "Napkin ring" or "apple core" sign - thickened mucosa

- "Napkin ring" or "apple core" sign

Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess at least ______ mm lead equivalency. - 0.25 - 0.5 - 0.75 - 1

- 0.5

(Abdomen image) What is the name of this radiographic projection/position? - AP abdomen - Erect AP abdomen - Left lateral abdomen - PA abdoment

AP Abdomen

Joints of the fingers and thumb are classified as: - A: Fibrous - B: Synovial - C: Diarthrotic - B and C

B and C

The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the: - intercarpal - interphalangeal - carpometacarpal - proximal metacarpophalangeal

- carpometacarpal

(Thumb image) The arrow is pointing at what anatomic structure? - metacarpophalangeal joint - interphalangeal joint - carpometacarpal joint - radioulnar joint

- carpometacarpal joint

Which of the following is classified as an irritant laxative? - magnesium cirtrate - magnesium sulfate - castor oil - none of the above

- castor oil

Select the correct term for the definition listed below: Away from the head end - caudad - proximal - extension - radial deviation - inversion - dorsiflexion - adduction - abduction - pronation

- caudad

Which part of the large intestine has the widest diameter? - descending colon - transverse colon - cecum - ascending colon

- cecum

What process is anterior to the glenoid cavity? - acromion - coracoid - coronoid - spinous

- coracoid

A radiograph of the lateral elbow demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. Which of the following occurred? - correct positioning - the hand was pronated - the hand and wrist were not in a true lateral - the shoulder and hand were not placed in the same plane

- correct positioning

(Chest image) Identify label "F" - costophrenic angle-left - costophrenic angle- right - hemidiaphragm-left - cardiophrenic angle-right

- costophrenic angle-right

What is the name of the ridge of bone that separates the infraspinous fossa and the supraspinous fossa? - dorsal - costal - crest - glenoid

- crest

The act of swallowing is termed: - mastication - digestion - deglutition - aphasia

- deglutition

What is a potential risk associated with the use of water-soluble contrast agents, especially for geriatric patients? - bowel obstruction - cardiac arrest - dehydration - shock

- dehydration

The amount of blackening on the processed film image is the definition of: - contrast - brightness - density - distortion

- density

(Chest image) Identify label "E" - diaphragm - costophrenic angle - cardiophrenic angle - base of heart

- diaphragm

If the PA chest projection is NOT performed for the acute abdominal series, centering for the erect abdomen projection MUST include the: - inferior liver margin - diaphragm - entire kidneys - bladder

- diaphragm

The ________ is a muscles that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. - psoas major muscles - quadriceps - deltoid - diaphragm

- diaphragm

Which positioning error is classified as a "repeatable error" for an AP erect abdomen projection? - symphysis pubis not demonstrated on radiograph - erect marker not seen on radiograph - four-side collimation not evident on radiograph - diaphragm not demonstrated on radiograph

- diaphragm not demonstrated on radiograph

(Hand image) This radiograph is demonstrating what type of positioning error? - Digits parallel to the IR; open joint spaces - Digits perpendicular to the IR - Digits resting on the IR; foreshortened joint spaces - Positioning is correct for this position

- digits resting on the IR; foreshortened joint spaces

(Elbow image) This radiograph demonstrates what condition? - fracture - dislocation - cancer - arthritis

- dislocation

Which one of the following cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing the dose to the technologist during fluoroscopy? - time - distance - intensity - shielding

- distance

The spine of the scapula is located on which surface? - dorsal - ventral - medial - lateral

- dorsal

A patient is lying on her back. The X-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The film is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position? - Left lateral decubitus - left lateral - right lateral decubitus - dorsal decubitus

- dorsal decubitus

A patient comes to radiology with possible diverticulosis. Which of the following studies is more diagnostic for detecting this condition? - single-contrast barium enema - double-contrast barium enema - evacuative proctogram - small bowel series

- double-contrast barium enema

For decubitus abdomen positions, the examination is called by the side that is ______ and marked with an anatomic side marker according to the side that is _____. - up; up - down; down - up; down - down; up

- down; up

Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter? - duodenum - ileum - jejunum - cecum

- duodenum

What is the most common diagnostic performed to diagnose GERD? - endoscopy - esophagram - upper GI series - CT

- endoscopy

The term describing a double-contrast small bowel procedure is: - two-stage small bowel procedure - diagnostic intubation - enteroclysis - none of the above

- enteroclysis

Which region of the abdomen would contain the T12 vertebra? - epigastric - umbilical - hypochondriac - pubic

- epigastric

Which of the following conditions is an example of GERD? - Esophageal varices - gastric carcinoma - esophageal reflux - bezoar

- esophageal reflux

Which of the following conditions involves dilated veins in the distal aspect of the esophagus, which in some cases can lead to internal bleeding? - esophageal varices - esophageal reflux - esophageal hypertension - esophageal thrombosis

- esophageal varices

The opening between the stomach and esophagus is termed the: - cardiac antrum - cardiac notch - esophagogastric junction - esophagocardian junction

- esophagogastric junction

A patient comes to radiology with a history or rectocele. Which of the following procedures best demonstrates this condition? - single-contrast barium enema - evacuative proctogram - double-contrast barium enema - enteroclysis

- evacuative proctogram

What structure indicates the junction between duodenum and jejunum? - duodenal cap - suspensory muscle of the duodenum - valvular conniventes - c-loop of the duodenum

- suspensory muscle of the duodenum

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? - lunate - trapezium - scaphoid - pisiform

- scaphoid

Which carpal bone articulates with the radius? - triquetrum - scaphoid - pisiform - hamate

- scaphoid

The acromion is a flattened projection which is part of the: - clavicle - scapula - sternum - humerus

- scapula

The glenoid fossa is part of the: - clavicle - scapula - humerus - sternum

- scapula

The clavicle articulates with the: - humerus and sternum - radius and humerus - sternum and ribs - scapula and sternum

- scapula and sternum

The alternate name for the lunate bone of the wrist is _______. - trapezium - talus - unciform - semilunar

- semilunar

(Elbow image) What positioning errors is demonstrated on this image? - elbow not flexed to 90 degrees - hand pronated - shoulder and hand not in the same imaging plane - used a 45 degree cephalad tube angle

- shoulder and hand not in the same imaging plane

The most distal portion of the colon is the: - transverse - sigmoid - descending - ascending

- sigmoid

Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon? - left colic flexure - right colic flexure - sigmoid colon - cecum

- sigmoid colon

Lipids (fats) are broken down to fatty acids and glycerol as they are digested and absorbed by the: - stomach and small bowel - stomach only - small bowel only - none of the above (are not digested)

- small bowel only

Which of the following procedures is considered as a functional study? - barium enema - enteroclysis - air-contrast barium enema - small bowel series

- small bowel series

Joint movements of the fingers and thumb are all of the following except: - plane - ginglymus - sellar - spheroid

- spheroid

The sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium to form what joint? - acromioclavicular - sternoclavicular - scapulohumeral - suprasternal

- sternoclavicular

Which anatomic structure is examined radiographically to detect signs of patient rotation on the PA chest projection. - sternoclavicular joints - trachea - scapulae - heart

- sternoclavicular joints

What is a primary function of cholecystokinin? - serves as an enzyme to break down certain food nutrients - stimulates the production of bile - stimulates the gallbladder to contract - inhibits the formation of gallstones

- stimulates the gallbladder to contract

Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal? - radial head - styloid process - radial tuberosity - capitulum

- styloid process

(Elbow image) Which anatomical structure is labeled "E"? - Posterior fat pad - Anterior fat pad - Supinator fat pad - Radial fat pad

- supinator fat pad

For the Transthoracic Lateral projection of the shoulder, the CR is perpendicular to the IR, directed through the thorax to the ________. - greater tubercle - anatomic neck - surgical neck - shaft

- surgical neck

At what state of respiration should the enema tip be inserted into the rectum? - during deep breaths - during shallow breaths - suspending inspiration - suspended expiration

- suspended expiration

What is the term for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into pouches? - haustra - valvular conniventes - suspensory ligaments - taenia coli

- taenia coli

The head of the ulna is located distally. - True - False

- True

The iliac crest is a palpable landmark used for abdominal radiography. - True - False

- True

The liver performs more than 100 different functions. - True - False

- True

The medial epicondyle of the distal humerus is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle. - True - False

- True

The opening leading into the intestine for the patient with a colostomy is termed the stoma. - True - False

- True

The posterior depression on the distal humerus is called the olecranon fossa. - True - False

- True

The radial head is located on the proximal radius. - True - False

- True

(Elbow image) This image demonstrates correct positioning. - True - False

- False

The iliac crest corresponds to: - T9-10 - L4-5 - T12-L1 - L2-3

- L4-5

(Shoulder image) This image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment. - True - False

- False

The liver is located primarily in the _____ of the abdomen. - LLQ - RLQ - RUQ - LUQ

- RUQ

To obtain an AP projection of the scapula, the patients: 1. Arm is abducted at a right angle to the body. 2. Elbow is flexed with hand supinated. 3. Thorax is rotated toward the affected side. - 1, 2 - 1, 3 - 3 - 1, 2, 3

- 1, 2

In the lateral projection of the scapula the: 1. vertebral and axillary borders are superimposed. 2. Acromion and coracoid process are superimposed. 3. Patient may be examined in the erect position. - 1 - 1, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, 2, 3

- 1, 3

What type of enema tip is recommended for a barium enema on an infant? - rectal retention - plastic disposable - 10 Fr, flexible silicone catheter - Foley catheter

- 10 Fr, flexible silicone catheter

A well-inspired average adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ______ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm: - 7 or 8 - 8 or 9 - 10 or 11 - 11 or 12

- 10 or 11

Which kV setting will produce the longest scale of radiographic contrast? - 50 kV - 70 kV - 90 kV - 100 kV

- 100 kV

The ideal kV range for a double-contrast barium enema is: - 70 to 80 - 90 to 100 - 100 to 125 - 130-140

- 100 to 125 kV

Which of the following kV ranges should be used for an upper GI series using barium sulfate (single contrast study)? - 80 to 90 kV - 90 to 100 kV - 100 to 125 kV - 125 to 140 kV

- 100 to 125 kV

What is the correct degree of angulation on an axial clavicle projection? - 5 degrees cephalad - 10 degrees cephalad - 15 to 30 degrees cephalad - 15 to 30 degrees caudad

- 15 to 30 degrees cephalad

What is the correct degree of angulation on an axial clavicle projection? - 5 degrees cephalad - 10 degrees cephalad - 15-30 degrees cephalad - 15-30 degrees caudad

- 15-30 degrees cephalad

The PA projection of the hand demonstrates an oblique position of the: - Distal radius and ulna - Proximal row of carpals - Distal row of carpals - 1st digit

- 1st digit

(GI image) The image of the large intestine could be improved by: 1. Directing the CR cephalad 2. Placing the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the IR 3. Centering the IR to the level of the iliac crest - 1 only - 1 and 2 only - 2 and 3 only - 1, 2 and 3

- 2 and 3 only

Regional enteritis is: 1. Also known as Ileus 2. Characterized by the string sign 3. Chronic and inflammatory - 1 and 2 only - 1 and 3 only - 2 and 3 only - 1, 2 and 3

- 2 and 3 only

When positioning for a Left Lateral Decubitus Abdomen, the CR should be directed to the MSP and the: - iliac crest - 2" above the iliac crest - ASIS - 2" below the iliac crest

- 2" above the iliac crest

For a PA projection of the large intestine: 1. Place the patient supine 2. Direct the CR to level of the iliac crest. 3. Use a 40" (100 CM) SID - 3 - 1, 2 - 1, 3 - 2, 3

- 2, 3

The types of digestive movement characteristic of the large intestine include: 1. Rhythmic segmentation 2. Haustral churning 3. mass peristalsis 4. defecation - 1, 2 and 3 - 2, 3 and 4 - 1, 3 and 4 - 1, 2, 3 and 4

- 2, 3 and 4

The approximate uncoiled length (in feet) of the small intestine is: - 5 to 8 - 10 to 13 - 13 to 18 - 20 to 23

- 20 to 23

There are ____ bones in the hand and wrist. - 5 - 14 - 8 - 27

- 27

CR placement for the lateral hand is: - mid carpal area - 3rd PIP joint - 2nd MP joint - 3rd MP joint

- 2nd MP joint

The correct CR placement for the lateral hand is at the: - 2nd MP joint - 2nd PIP joint - 3rd MP joint - 3rd PIP joint

- 2nd MP joint

Procedures that involve joints require a minimum of ____ positions be taken. - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4

- 3

How much CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection? - 10 to 15 - 20 to 25 - 30 to 40 - 45

- 30 to 40

In which of the following positions is the glenoid fossa best demonstrated? - AP with 35 degree caudal tube angle - transthoracic lateral - 35 degree posterior oblique - AP weight bearing

- 35 degree posterior oblique

How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus? - 10-15 degrees - 20 - 30 degrees - 35 - 40 degrees - 45-60 degrees

- 35-40 degrees

CR placement for the PA oblique hand is: - mid carpal area - 3rd PIP joint - 2nd MP joint - 3rd MP joint

- 3rd MP joint

The CR placement for the PA oblique hand is at the: - mid-carpal area - 3rd PIP joint - 2nd PIP joint - 3rd MP joint

- 3rd MP joint

For an oblique position of the 3rd digit, the CR placement is: - 3rd MCP joint - 3rd PIP joint - 3rd DIP joint - mid-carpal region

- 3rd PIP joint

From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique position of the fourth digit of the hand? - 45 degree medial rotation - 45 degree lateral rotation - 90 degree lateral rotation - 90 degree medial rotation

- 45 degree lateral rotation

How much barium is typically given to a 3- to 10 year old child during an upper GI series? - 4 to 6 ounces - 14 to 16 ounces - 6 to 12 ounces - 1 cup

- 6 to 12 ounces

For an average size female patient, where is the CR place for a PA projection of the chest? - 7 in (17.8 cm) below the vertebral prominens - 3 in (7.6 cm) below the jugular notch - 8 in (20.3 cm) below the vertebral prominens - 2 in (5.1 cm) above the shoulders

- 7 in (17.8 cm) below the vertebral prominens.

Which of the following factors must be observed to minimize magnification of the heart? - 72" SID - High-kV technique - Perform study erect - Use high mA and short exposure time

- 72" SID

Prior to having a small bowel series, the patient should remain NPO for: - 1 hour - 4 hours - 6 hours - 8 hours

- 8 hours

The lateral epicondyle is larger and more prominent than the medial epicondyle. - True - False

- False

The recommended water temperature for a barium sulfate mixture used for most barium enema procedures is: - 40 to 45 degrees F - 65 to 70 degrees F - 85 to 90 degrees F - 100 to 110 degrees F

- 85 to 90 degrees F

From the AP position, how much rotation of the distal humerus is required for the lateral position of the elbow? - 30 degrees - 45 degrees - 90 degrees - no rotation; epicondyles should be parallel to the IR

- 90 degrees

(Shoulder image) What is the name of this radiographic projection/position? - AP internal shoulder - AP posterior oblique shoulder - Inferosuperior axial shoulder - Transthoracic lateral shoulder

- AP Posterior Oblique shoulder (Grashey)

(Elbow image) This radiograph demonstrates what position? - AP elbow humerus parallel - AP elbow forearm parallel - AP external oblique elbow - AP internal oblique elbow

- AP elbow forearm parallel

(Elbow image) This radiographic image represents the _______ position and demonstrates the ______ in lateral profile. - AP external oblique; trochlea and coronoid process - AP external oblique; capitulum and radial head, neck and tuberosity. - AP internal oblique; trochlea and coronoid process - AP internal oblique; capitulum and radial head, neck and tuberosity.

- AP external oblique; capitulum and radial head, neck and tuberosity

(Shoulder image) What is the name of this radiographic projection/position? - AP shoulder - AP external shoulder - AP internal shoulder - Lateral shoulder

- AP external shoulder

(Forearm image) This radiograph demonstrates: - AP oblique elbow - PA oblique forearm - AP forearm - lateral forearm

- AP forearm

(Chest image) The projection or position demonstrated in the chest image below is the: - PA projection - AP supine projection - decubitus position - AP lordotic projection

- AP lordotic projection

Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head, neck and tuberosity free of superimposition? - True AP - True lateral - AP oblique with medial rotation - AP oblique with lateral rotation

- AP oblique with lateral rotation

This picture represents which of the following? - PA projection - AP projection - Decubitus - Recumbent

- AP projection

An erect abdomen radiograph reveals that the symphysis pubis was cut off along the bottom of the image. How would you correctly critique this image? - Repeat it, and center 2" superior to the iliac crest to include the diaphragm. - Repeat it, and center at the level of the ASIS. - Repeat it, making sure that the CR is at the level of the iliac crest and includes the arch of the symphysis pubis. - Accept it, the symphysis does not need to be visualized on this radiographic position of the abdomen.

- Accept it, the symphysis does not need to be visualized on this radiographic position of the abdomen.

A radiograph of an AP barium enema projection reveals poor visualization of the sigmoid due to excessive superimposition of the sigmoid colon and rectum. How can this area be better visualized on the repeat exposure? - Angle the CR 30 to 40 degree cephalad with AP projection. - Increase kV - Take PA projection with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position. - Take PA projection with a 30-40 degree cephalad CR angle.

- Angle the CR 30 to 40 degree cephalad with AP projection.

A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass? - AP erect - right lateral - AP and lateral of upper airway - Apical lordotic

- Apical lordotic

Which sections of the large intestine will most likely be filled with are with the patient in the prone position during a double-contrast barium enema? - ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum - transverse and sigmoid colon - rectum only - right and left colic flexure and sigmoid colon

- Ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum

An abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity is termed: - ileus - intussusception - vovulus - ascites

- Ascites

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patient are obscuring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow? - Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward - Use a higher kVp (beyond 120) to penetrate tissue - have patient take a deeper inspiration prior to exposure - take an AP rather than PA projection.

- Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward.

A ______ is a transverse fracture extending through the metacarpal neck; most commonly in the 5th metacarpal. - Granny's fracture - Golfer's fracture - Colle's fracture - Boxer's fracture

- Boxer's fracture

A ______ is a transverse fracture extending through the metacarpal neck; most commonly in the fifth metacarpal. - Colles' fracture - Barton's fracture - Smith's fracture - Boxer's fracture

- Boxer's fracture

(Stomach image) Identify the part of the stomach labeled "2". - esophagogastric junction - incisura angularis - incisura cardiaca - cardiac antrum

- Cardiac antrum

(LGI image) Identify the structure labeled as "7". - descending colon - sigmoid colon - cecum - rectum

- Cecum

Which of the following technical factors will best enhance a digital image taken during an upper GI series? - collimation - low kV techniques - long SID - Use of compensation (wedge) filter

- Collimation

(Wrist image) The following image is a true PA writ. Which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply: - Collimation error - Wrist is in more of a radial deviation position - Wrist is more of an ulnar deviation position - Underexposed and motion is evident

- Collimation error - Wrist is in more of a radial deviation position.

The left anatomic side marker should be used on the AP Left Lateral Decubitus abdomen radiograph. - True - False

- False

The left bronchus is shorter and more vertical than the right bronchus. - True - False

- False

The radial head is located on the distal radius. - True - False

- False

(Chest image) Using optimal radiographic criteria as the standard, which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply. - Demonstrates slight asymmetry of the sternoclavicular joints. - Scapulas are visualized in the lung field. - Deep inspiration not evidenced. - The apices of the lung are not completely visualized. - The costophrenic angles of the lung are not completely visualized.

- Demonstrates slight asymmetry of the sternoclavicular joints. - Scapulas are visualized in the lung field. - Deep inspiration not evidenced. - The apices of the lung are not completely visualized.

(Hand image) This radiograph is demonstrating what type of positioning errors? - Digits parallel to the IR; open joint spaces - Digits perpendicular to the IR. - Digits resting on the IR; foreshortened joint spaces. - Positioning is correct for this position.

- Digits resting on the IR; foreshortened joint spaces.

What is the older term for the pancreatic duct? - duct of Wirsung - hepatopancreatic duct - duct of Langerhans - Ampulla of Vater

- Duct of Wirsung

Which one of the following structures is NOT found in the mediastinum? - Thymus gland - Epiglottis - Trachea - Heart and great vessels

- Epiglottis

Which projection or position will best demonstrate free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen? - AP supine abdomen - Right lateral ducubitus - Erect AP abdomen projection - Trendelenburg position

- Erect AP abdomen projection

The following picture demonstrates a patient in the ____________ position, with a __________ central ray projection: - Erect; AP - Erect; PA - Supine; PA - Prone; PA

- Erect; PA

(Abdomen image) Based on technique, positioning, central ray location and overall criteria for this radiographic position, this radiographic image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- False

(Abdomen image) Based on the evaluation criteria for this position, this radiographic image demonstrates correct positioning and central ray placement. - True - False

- False

(Abdomen image) Based on the overall criteria for this radiographic position, this image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- False

(Chest image) Base on technique, positioning, central ray location and overall criteria for this radiographic position, this radiographic image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- False

(Chest image) Based on the evaluation criteria for this position, this radiographic image demonstrates correct positioning and central ray placement. - True - False

- False

(Chest image) Based on the overall criteria for this radiographic position, this image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- False

(Chest image) This radiographic image is optimally diagnostic (technical quality, positioning and structures to be shown) and therefore acceptable. - True - False

- False

(Elbow image) This image represents poor radiographic positioning as evidenced by the superior visualization of the radial tuberosity. - True - False

- False

(Elbow image) This radiograph represents proper positioning for a lateral elbow. - True - False

- False

(Elbow image)This radiograph represents proper positioning for a lateral elbow. - True - False

- False

(Forearm image) This image demonstrates proper positioning for the lateral forearm. - True - False

- False

(Humerus image) Based on the overall criteria for this radiographic position, this radiographic image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- False

A chest x-ray should be done at 72" to increase magnification of the heart shadow. - True - False

- False

A minimum of 72" SID should be used for abdominal radiography. - True - False

- False

Always do a right lateral chest x-ray, unless the department protocol states otherwise. - True - False

- False

Digital fluoroscopy has distinct advantages but produces a slightly higher patient dose as compared with conventional fluoroscopy. - True - False

- False

During a colostomy barium enema, a double-contrast retention enema tip is used. - True - False

- False

Evacuative proctography is most commonly performed on geriatrics patients. - True - False

- False

IF a patient is too ill to stand, a left lateral decubitus abdomen may be taken in place of the supine abdomen. - True - False

- False

If the elbow is partially flexed, you may obtain 2 radiographs to demonstrate the joint; one with the humerus perpendicular and one with the forearm parallel to demonstrate pertinent anatomy. - True - False

- False

Sodiujm bicarbonate is often used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series. - True - False

- False

T7 is approximately 6 inches inferior to the jugular notch. - True - False

- False

The CR placement for a PA chest radiograph is the MSP and C7. - True - False

- False

The PA chest radiograph should be taken after the patient has suspended respiration after the first deep inspiration. - True - False

- False

The carina is the central area of each lung where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves enter/leave the lung. - True - False

- False

The height of the enema bag should not exceed 36" (91 cm) above the radiographic table at the beginning of the study. - True - False

- False

The humeral epicondyles will be parallel to the IR for a lateral elbow. - True - False

- False

A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position? - LAO - LPO - Left lateral - Posteroanterior

- LAO

Which of the following positions best demonstrates the left colic flexure? - LPO - left lateral decubitus - left lateral - LAO

- LAO

The first metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand? - Medial - Lateral - Ulnar - Distal

- Lateral

Which of the following would best demonstrate an anterior or posterior displacement of a metacarpal fracture? - PA - Oblique - Lateral - AP

- Lateral

Which position of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? - AP - Lateral - Oblique; lateral rotation - oblique; medial rotation

- Lateral

Which projection and/or position is most commonly performed during an evacuative proctogram? - AP erect - Lateral - RPO and LPO - AP axial

- Lateral

(Thumb image) What is the radiographic projection of this image? - PA - Oblique - Lateral-mediolateral - Lateral-lateromedial

- Lateral-mediolateral

If a patient is lying on their left side with their back against the IR (AP projection), the position would be called a: - Left lateral decubitus - Right lateral decubitus - Left lateral - Right lateral

- Left lateral decubitus

What type of contrast is produced with a high (120) kVp technique? - Low Contrast, short scale - High Contrast, Short Scale - Low Contrast, Long scale - High contrast, long scale

- Low contrast, long scale

Which of the following is not located in the distal row of carpal bones? - Trapezoid - Capitate - Lunate - Lesser multangular

- Lunate

Which laxative is classified as a saline type? - Magnesium Citrate - Magnesium Cyanide - Castor Oil - Barium Sulfate

- Magnesium Citrate

The fifth metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand? - Medial - Lateral - Radial - Volar

- Medial

For a lateral position of the 2nd digit, the finger should be rotated _______, to keep the finger parallel, and in contact, with the IR. - 10 degrees - Laterally - Medially - AP

- Medially

The correct CR placement for the thumb is at the: - Proximal interphalangeal joint - Interphalangeal joint - Distal inerphalangeal joint - Metacarpophalangeal joint

- Metacarpophalangeal joint

Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the scaphoid bone in an examination of the wrist? - Gaynor-Hart Method - Modified Robert's Method - Modified Stecher Method - Norgaard Method

- Modified Stecher Method

Which of the following modalities is ideal for demonstrating signs of Barrett esophagus? - Nuclear medicine - MRI - Sonography - CT

- Nuclear medicine

Which position of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile? - AP - Lateral - Oblique; medial rotation - Oblique; lateral rotation

- Oblique; medial rotation

(Chest image) What is the name of this radiographic projection/position? - AP Chest - PA Chest - Left lateral Chest - Right lateral chest

- PA Chest

An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complained of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient? - PA and left lateral - PA and right and left lateral - PA and both decubitus - AP and right lateral

- PA and left lateral

(Biliary image) Which of the following structures is labeled "9"? - Pancreatic duct - common bile duct - cystic duct - common hepatic duct

- Pancreatic duct

(Chest image) Select all that apply: Which of the following statements most accurately describes the positioning errors demonstrated on this image? - Patient is rotated into a slight LAO - Patient is rotated into a slight RAO - You cannot visualize the air filled trachea from T1 down. - There are no errors demonstrated on this image.

- Patient is rotated into a slight LAO. - You cannot visualize the air filled trachea from T1 down.

A radiograph of an AP abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared to the left. What is the positioning error? - patient was in the RPO position - patient was in the LPO position - patient was in an LAO position - patient was in an RAO position

- Patient was in an LPO position

When positioning for an erect abdomen, the CR should be: - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and the iliac crest. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and 2" above the iliac crest. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and the ASIS. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and T7.

- Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and 2" above the iliac crest.

When positioning for the supine abdomen, the CR should be: - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and the iliac crest. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and 2" above the iliac crest. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and ASIS. - Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and T7.

- Perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and the iliac crest.

(Finger image) What is the radiographic projection and position of this image? - Anteroposterior Oblique - Mediolateral Lateral - Posteroanterior Oblique - Lateromedial Lateral

- Posteroanterior Oblique

(Hand image) This radiograph represent what position? - Properly positioned PA hand - Properly positioned PA oblique hand - Properly positioned lateral hand - Properly positioned PA wrist

- Properly positioned PA oblique hand.

(Stomach image) Identify the portion of the stomach labeled "6". - Body - pyloric portion - pyloric antrum - pyloric canal

- Pyloric antrum

This picture demonstrates what position and projection? - LAO; PA - LAO; AP - RAO; PA - RAO; AP

- RAO; PA

A patient is lying on her back facing the X-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position? - LPO - RPO - RAO - LAO

- RPO

A lateral chest radiograph demonstrates that the soft tissue of the upper limb is superimposed over the apices of the lungs. How can this situation be prevented? - deeper inspiration - extend the chin - slight rotation to the patients left - raise the upper limbs higher

- Raise the upper limbs higher

Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the colon? - Transverse colon - Right and Left colic flexure - Rectum - All of the above are part of the colon

- Rectum

This picture represents which of the following? - Recumbent position - Decubitus position - Dorsal position - Palmar position

- Recumbent position

In which abdominal quadrant is the duodenum located? - Right upper - Right lower - Left upper - left lower

- Right upper

Of the following actions, which one will remove the scapulae from the lung fields? - Roll shoulders forward - Depress shoulders - Elevate chin - None of the above

- Roll shoulders forward

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What is the positioning error? - Left tilt - Rotation into the LAO position - Right tilt - Rotation into the RAO position - There are no errors

- Rotation into the LAO

The shoulder girdle is comprised of what bones? - Scapula, Clavicle and humerus - Scapula and clavicle - Scapula and humerus - Scapula, clavicle and glenoid

- Scapula and Clavicle

(Thumb image) Identify the anatomy labeled "1" - Distal interphalangeal joint - first digit (L) - Shaft (body) of the distal phalanx-first digit (L) - Shaft of distal phalanx-first digit (R) - proximal interphalangeal joint - first digit (L)

- Shaft (body) of distal phalanx-first digit (L)

(Chest image) Based on the optimum radiographic criteria for this radiographic position, which of the following apply? You are not being asked to critique this image, but demonstrate knowledge of what the radiographic criteria is for this position. Image is for reference only. - Deep inspiration evidenced by a minimum of 8 pair of ribs visualized above the diaphragm. - Shoulders rolled forward, evidenced by scapulas being visualized out of the lung field. - Symmetry of the acromioclavicular joints. - Deep inspiration evidenced by a minimum of 10 pair of ribs visualized above the diaphragm. - Hands resting on the hips evidenced by visualization of the scapulas in the lung field. - Symmetry of the sternoclavicular joints.

- Shoulders rolled forward, evidenced by scapulas being visualized out of the lung field. - Deep inspiration evidenced by a minimum of 10 pair of ribs visualized above the diaphragm. - Symmetry of the sternoclavicular joints.

In what position is the patient placed for the enema tip insertion? - Sims - Lithotomy - Modified lithotomy - Prone

- Sims

Which of the following imaging modalities is an alternative to an esophageal for detecting esophageal varies? - sonography - CT - nuclear medicine - MRI

- Sonography

Joint movements of the fingers and thumb are all of the following except: - Plane - Ginglymus - Sellar - Spheroid

- Spheroid

(Abdomen image) Based on the optimum radiographic criteria for this radiographic position, which of the following apply: You are not being asked to critique this image, but demonstrate knowledge of what the radiographic criteria is for this position. Image is for reference only. Select ALL answers that apply. - Make exposure at the end of deep inspiration evidenced by visualization of the diaphragm. - Structures shown should include the outline of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and air-filled stomach and bowel segments and the arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region. - No rotation; evidenced by the symmetrical appearance of the ischial spines, iliac wings and femoral necks in lateral profile. - Air-filled stomach and loops of bowel and air-fluid levels are present, as well as the bilateral diaphragm. - Spine should be straight (unless scoliosis is present); no rotation: iliac wings, obturator foramen (if visible), and ischial spines should appear symmetric and outer lower rib margins are the same distance from the spine. - Center of the IR should be at the MSP and iliac crest, with collimation borders to the film margins on the top and bottom to prevent cutoff of essential anatomy. - Sufficient exposure (mAs) and short-scale of contrast (kVp).

- Structures shown should include the outline of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and air-filled stomach and bowel segments and the arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region. - Spine should be straight (unless scoliosis is present); no rotation: iliac wings, obturator foramen (if visible), and ischial spines should appear symmetric and outer lower rib margins are the same distance from the spine. - Center of the IR should be at the MSP and iliac crest, with collimation borders to the film margins on the top and bottom to prevent cutoff of essential anatomy.

Centering the CR for an esophagram should be to the vertebral level of: - the sternal angle - T3-T4 - T5-T6 - T7

- T5 or T6

The Xiphoid Tip corresponds to: - T7 - L2-3 - T9-10 - C7

- T9-10

A PA chest radiograph reveals that only 8 pairs of ribs are seen above the diaphragm. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs? - Use higher kVp to penetrate the diaphragm. - Perform chest position supine - Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first. - Use a shorter exposure time.

- Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first.

The 9 abdominal regions are the Right & Left Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Right & Left Lateral (lumbar), Umbilical, Right & Left Inguinal (iliac) and the Pubic (hypogastric). - True - False

- True

The 9 abdominal regions are the right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lateral (lumbar), umbilical, right and left inguinal (iliac) and the pubic (hypogastric). - True - False

- True

(Shoulder image) Does this image demonstrate correct use of the anatomic side marker? - yes, the anatomic side marker is clearly placed within the collimated area so that it is easy to view - yes, the anatomic side marker was properly displayed so that only the technologists initials are visualized - the anatomic side marker was used, but it is viewed outside of the collimated area and not easy to identify. - the anatomic side marker is not visualized on this image.

- The anatomic side marker was used, but it is viewed outside of the collimated area and not easy to identify.

(Abdomen image) Does this image clearly and easily demonstrate visualization of the entire anatomic side marker? - yes, the anatomic side marker is clearly placed within the image so that it is easy to locate and fully visible. - yes, the anatomic side marker was properly displayed so that only the technologists initials are visualized. - The anatomic side marker was used, but was not placed so that it is clearly and easily visualized entirely. - The anatomic side marker is not visualized on this image.

- The anatomic side marker was used, but was not placed so that it is clearly and easily visualized entirely.

(Chest image) Does this image clearly and easily demonstrate visualization of the entire anatomic side marker? - The anatomic side marker is clearly placed within the image so that it is easy to locate and fully visible. - The anatomic side marker was properly displayed so that only the technologists initials are visualized. - The anatomic side marker was used, but was not placed so that it is clearly and easily visualized entirely. - The anatomic side marker is not visualized on this image.

- The anatomic side marker was used, but was not placed so that it is clearly and easily visualized entirely.

(Elbow image) The following image is an AP oblique elbow-lateral rotation. Which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply: - This image demonstrates no errors - The arm is insufficiently rotated - The arm is excessively rotated - Cortical margins and bony trabecular markings are not evident due to overexposure.

- The arm is excessively rotated

(Elbow image) The following image is an AP oblique elbow-lateral rotation. Which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply. - This image demonstrates no errors - The arm is insufficiently rotated - The arm is excessively rotated - The trochlea is not sufficiently elongated - Cortical margins and bony trabecular markings are not evident due to overexposure.

- The arm is insufficiently rotated.

(Chest image) Select all that apply: Regarding central ray placement for this position, which of the following apply: (you are not being asked to indicate the CR that was actually used, but to indicate that you know what the CR for this position should be). - The central ray should be perpendicular to the image receptor. - The central ray should be centered to the midcoronal place at the level of T7-8. - The central ray should be centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of T7. - The central ray should be directed caudad to the long axis of the sternum.

- The central ray should be perpendicular to the image receptor. - The central ray should be centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of T7.

(Abdomen image) Select all that apply: Regarding central ray placement for this position, select all of the statements that apply: (you are not being asked to determine if the correct CR was used, but to indicate that you know what it should be). - The central ray should be perpendicular to the image receptor - The central ray should be centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the iliac crest. - The central ray should be centered to the midcoronal plane at the level of ASIS. - The central ray should be directed caudad to the long axis of the pelvis.

- The central ray should be perpendicular to the image receptor. - The central ray should be centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the iliac crest.

For an optimal lateral position of the wrist: - The distal radius and ulna should be superimposed. - The fingers should be flexed and decrease OID of the wrist joint. - The wrist should be flexed. - All the above are correct.

- The distal radius and ulna should be superimposed.

Which of the following is NOT true? - The right lung contains three lobes - The left bronchus is larger in diameter than the right bronchus - The right bronchus is shorter than the left bronchus - The angle of divergence of the left bronchus is greater than that of the right bronchus

- The left bronchus is larger in diameter than the right bronchus

Radiography is: - Taking a picture - Anatomic position - The production of radiographs or radiographic images - Imaginary planes and body surfaces

- The production of radiographs or radiographic images

(Chest image) Select all that apply: Based on the optimal radiographic criteria (standards for evaluating images) for this position, select all of the statements that apply. You are not being asked to critique this image, but to indicate that you know what the correct criteria is.) - The structures shown on this image should include both lungs from the apices to the costophrenic angles, the air filled trachea from T-1 down, the hilum margins, heart, great vessels and bony thorax. - The chin should be depressed so that it superimposes the apices. - There should be no rotation; both sernoclavicular joints should be equal distance from the midline. - The shoulders should be rolled forward to prevent superimposition of the scapulae over the lung fields. - There should be full inspiration with a minimum of 9 posterior ribs visualized above the diaphragm.

- The structures shown on this image should include both lungs from the apices to the costophrenic angles, the air filled trachea from T1 down, the hilum markings, heart, great vessels and bony thorax. - There should be no ration; both sternoclavicular joints should be equal distance from the midline. - The shoulders should be rolled forward to prevent superimposition of the scapulae over the lung fields.

The CR placement for an AP elbow is 3/4" distal to a midpoint line between the humeral epicondyles. - True - False

- True

The circular staircase, or herringbone pattern, is a common radiographic sign for a mechanical ileum. - True - False

- True

The radiographer has the responsibility of communicating with the patient to obtain pertinent clinical information. - True - False

- True

The radius is located on the lateral or thumb side. - True - False

- True

The term position is correctly used for both a lateral and an oblique body position. - True - False

- True

(Abdomen image) Select all that apply: Based on the optimal radiographic criteria (standards for evaluating images) for this position, select all of the statements that apply. (You are not being asked to critique this image, only to identify the criteria for evaluating this image). - The structures shown on this image should include the outline of the liver, spleen, kidneys, air filled stomach and bowel segments and the arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region. -No rotation is evidenced by the superimposition of the posterior ribs and posterior borders of the iliac wings. - There should be no rotation evidenced by a symmetric appearance of the outer lower rib margins, ischial spines, obturator foramen and symmetric iliac wings. - There should be no motion. The ribs and all gas bubble margins should appear sharp. - There should be full inspiration to include the diaphragm and the symphysis pubis.

- The structures shown on this image should include the outline of the liver, spleen, kidneys, air filled stomach and bowel segments and the arch of the symphysis pubis for the urinary bladder region. - There should be no rotation evidenced by a symmetric appearance of the outer lower rib margins, ischial spines, obturator foramen and symmetric iliac wings. - There should be no motion. The ribs and all gas bubble margins should appear sharp.

(Humerus image) Based on the optimal radiographic criteria (standards for evaluating images) for this position, select all of the statements that apply. (you are not being asked to critique this image, only to identify the criteria for evaluating this image). - the structures shown should include the entire humerus, including both the shoulder and elbow joints. - true AP projection is evidenced by the direct superimposition of the humeral epicondyles. - The greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally. - The lesser tubercle is visualized in medial profile and partially superimposed by the lower portion of the glenoid cavity. - optimal contrast and density with no motion. Bone trabecular markings at both the proximal and distal portions of the humerus should be seen.

- The structures shown should include the entire humerus, including both the shoulder and elbow joints. - The greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally. - Optimal contrast and density with no motion. Bony trabecular markings at both the proximal and distal portions of the humerus should be seen.

(Abdomen image) Does this image demonstrate correct tube-film alignment and detent? - Yes, this image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment and detent. - This image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment, and incorrect detent. - This image demonstrates incorrect tube-film alignment, but demonstrates correct detent. - This image demonstrates incorrect tube-film alignment and incorrect detent.

- This image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment, and incorrect detent.

(Abdomen image) (Assuming this image is being viewed so that the patient is facing the viewer.) Based on the optimal radiographic criteria for reference, which of the following errors are demonstrated on this image. Please check all that apply. - Demonstrates rotation to the left as evidenced by the elongation of the right iliac wing and foreshortening of the left obturator foramen. - Demonstrates extreme rotation to the right as evidenced by the elongated right iliac wing and foreshortening of the right obturator foramen. - Exposure is insufficient evident by lack of visualization of the spine and soft tissue. - Symphysis pubis is not visualized, indicating incorrect CR placement. - This radiograph demonstrates no significant positioning errors.

- This radiograph demonstrates no significant positioning errors.

The purpose of taking a PA Chest x-ray as part of the abdomen series is to: - Expose the patient to more radiation - To visualize free air above the diaphragm - To visualize free air in the abdomen - To visualize free air below the diaphragm.

- To visualize free air below the diaphragm.

Which of the following articulates with the first metacarpal? - Lunate - Trapezium - Scaphoid - Lesser Meltangular

- Trapezium

(Abdomen image) Based on positioning alone, this radiographic image is acceptable. - True - False

- True

(Abdomen image) Based on technique, positioning, central ray location and overall criteria for this radiographic position, this radiographic image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- True

(Humerus image) Based on the evaluation criteria for this position, this radiographic image demonstrates correct positioning. - True - False

- True

(Humerus image) Based on the overall criteria for this radiographic position, this radiographic image is diagnostically repeatable. - True - False

- True

(Shoulder image) Based on positioning, this image is diagnostically acceptable. - True - False

- True

A 40-in (100 cm) SID should be the minimal distance used for most radiographic projections. - True - False

- True

A routine abdomen series includes a supine abdomen, erect abdomen and a PA chest. - True - False

- True

CT is being performed to diagnose acute appendicitis. - True - False

- True

Central ray placement for a PA chest x-ray is at the midsagittal plane and T7. - True - False

- True

Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is considered as an effective alternative to endoscopic colonoscopy. - True - False

- True

Duodenal ulcers are rarely malignant. - True - False

- True

Each lung is contained in a double walled sac called the pleura. - True - False

- True

Fluid is harder to penetrate than air or tissue. - True - False

- True

No cassettes are required for imaging with a digital fluoroscopy unit. - True - False

- True

On deep inspiration, a minimum of 10 pairs of ribs should be visualized above the diaphragm. - True - False

- True

Swallowed room air can be used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series. - True - False

- True

Synthetic latex (latex-free) enema tips are safe to use for latex-sensitive patients. - True - False

- True

The ulna is longer than the radius. - True - False

- True

(Chest image) Was a correct mAs used to show an appropriate overall density for this image? - Yes, an appropriate mAs was used. - No, the overall image is too light and the density needs to be decreased. - No, the overall image is too dark and the density needs to be increased.

- Yes, an appropriate mAs was used

(Shoulder image) Was an appropriate kVp used for this image? - yes; the appropriate kvp was used - no; the kvp should be increased - no; the kvp should be decreased

- Yes; the appropriate kvp was used

The clavicle articulates with the scapula at what joint? - glenohumeral joint - acromioclavicular joint - sternoclavicular joint - scapulohumeral joint

- acromioclavicular joint

Which of the following I a bony process found on the shoulder girdle? - acromion - transverse - coronoid - styloid

- acromion

What forms the "Y" of the lateral scapula? - AC and SC joints - acromion and coracoid process - coracoid and coronoid process - acromion coronoid process

- acromion and coracoid process

The clavicle articulates with the scapula at what joint? - glenohumeral joint - acromioclavicular joint - sternoclavicular joint - scapulohumeral joint

- acromiooclavicular joint

(Chest image) Identify structure "A" - air-filled trachea - air-filled esophagus - carina - apex of lung

- air-filled trachea

Which of the following functions are performed by the gallbladder? - Storage of bile - concentration of bile - Contraction and release of bile - all of the above

- all of the above

Which of the following structures is NOT one of the salivary glands? - parotid - sublingual - submandibular - all of the above are salivary glands

- all of the above are salivary glands

This picture demonstrates the _______ position. - party - aeronautic - anatomic - stand up

- anatomic

Which specific aspect of the large intestine must be demonstrated during evacuative proctography? - sigmoid colon - haustra - anorectal angle - rectal ligament

- anorectal angle

(Chest image) Identify label "B" - apex - right lung - apex - left lung - hilum - carina

- apex - left lung

The term axillary pertains to: - armpit - groin - forearm - thigh

- armpit

The correct order of the segments of the colon, beginning with the cecum, is: - ascending , hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid - descending, hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, ascending, sigmoid - ascending, splenic flexure, transverse, hepatic flexure, descending, sigmoid - descending, splenic flexure, transverse, hepatic flexure, ascending, sigmoid

- ascending, hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid

Central ray and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be: - 2 inches (5 cm) above level of the iliac crest. - at the level of the iliac crest - 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the level of the iliac crest. - at the level of the ASIS

- at the level of the iliac crest

The lateral border of the scapula is also called the: - medial border - internal border - axillary border - vertebral border

- axillary border

Research suggests that peptic ulcers may be caused by : - smoking - bacteria - alcohol - antibiotics

- bacteria

An infant is brought to the ED with a possible intussusception. Which of the following procedures may actually correct this condition? - small bowel enema - small bowel series - defecography - barium or air enema

- barium or air enema

The lower concave area of the lung is term the: - base - apex - hilum - costophrenic angle

- base

Which anatomic part of the metacarpal articulates with the carpal? - head - neck - base - body

- base

(Chest image) Identify label "D" - base-right lung - base-left lung - hemidiaphragm- right lung - apex-right lung

- base-left lung

"Chole-" is a prefix for terms pertaining to the: - gallbladder - ducts - bile - liver

- bile

Enzymes that aid in chemical digestion are classified as: - lipids - biologic catalysts - digestive acids - amino acids

- biologic catalysts

Which of the following devices most reduces gonadal exposure during fluoroscopy? - compression paddle - Bucky tray - bucky slot cover - lead gloves

- bucky slot cover

All of the following are in the proximal row of carpals except the: - scaphoid - semilunar - triquetrum - capitate

- capitate

(Stomach image) identify the part of the stomach labeled "3". - angular notch - cardiac notch - incisura angularis - esophagogastric junction

- cardiac notch

Which of the following is NOT a main subdivision of the stomach? - fundus - cardium - pylorus - body

- cardium

(Chest image) Identify label "C" - Air-filled esophagus - hilum - carina - heart

- carina

The internal prominence or ridge where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the: - carina - hilum - thyroid cartilage - costophrenic angle

- carina

Which special position of the wrist will demonstrate the dorsal aspect of the carpal bones? - radial deviation - ulnar deviation - carpal canal - carpal bridge

- carpal bridge

A radiograph of a PA Oblique hand reveals that the mid-aspect of the fourth and fifth metacarpals are partially superimposed. What is the error? - Excessive lateral rotation - Insufficient lateral rotation - Incorrect CR angle - Fingers are not flexed sufficiently

- excessive lateral rotation

Which division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap? - first (superior) - third (horizontal) - second (descending) - fourth (ascending)

- first (superior)

What digit contains the saddle type joint? - first digit - second digit - third digit - fourth digit

- first digit

The liver is divided into _____ major and minor lobes. - three - four - two - six

- four

Position describes: - general physical position of the body - path of the central ray - radiographic image - anatomic position

- general physical position of the body

What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow? - radial and ulnar styloid process - humeral epicondyles - humeral condyles - trochlea and capitulum

- humeral epicondyles

(Elbow image) This radiograph represents: - humerus parallel - forearm parallel - oblique elbow - PA wrist

- humerus parallel

A high and transverse stomach would be found in a(n) ______ patient. - hyposthenic - asthenic - sthenic -hypersthenic

- hypersthenic

Which part of the small intestine makes up three fifths of its entirety? - duodenum - jejunum - ileum - ilium

- ileum

Where is the CR directed for a supine AP projection of the abdomen? - ASIS - Xiphoid process - inferior costal margin - iliac crest

- iliac crest

The ______ is a deep groove between the greater and lesser tubercles. - anatomic neck - surgical neck - inter tubercular groove - body

- inter tubercular groove

A telescoping, or invagination, or one part of the intestine into another is termed: - diverticulosis - volvulus - intussusception - colitis

- intussusception

For radial deviation, the wrist is turned: - downward - upward - outward, toward the ulna - inward, toward the radius

- inward, toward the radius

Which of the following statements is true about barium sulfate? - it should be discarded if not used within an hour after mixing - the patient may become ill if it is not prepared with sterile water. - it rarely produces an allergic reaction - it is soluble in water

- it rarely produces an allergic reaction

Which topographical landmark can be palpated to located T2-3? - Vertebra prominens - jugular notch - sternal angle - inferior costal margin

- jugular notch

What is the primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast? - kVp - mAs - film-screen speed - SID

- kVp

Three exposure factors set by the radiographer are: - tv/mA/m - kVp/nA/s - kTv/mA/s - kVp/mA/s

- kVp/mA/s

Which of the following structures is NOT considered to be an accessory organ or digestion? - liver - pancreas - salivary glands - kidneys

- kidneys

(Thumb image) This radiograph represents: - AP first digit - lateral fifth digit - lateral first digit - oblique first digit

- lateral first digit

Which of the following barium enema projections and/or positions provides the greatest amount of gonadal dosage to both male and female patients? - AP/PA - Lateral rectum - Left lateral decubitus - AP axial

- lateral rectum

A patient comes to radiology for a barium enema. He has a possible fistula extending from the rectum to the urinary bladder. Which one of the following projections and/or positions would best demonstrate the fistula? - lateral rectum position - AP erect projection - LPO axial projection - LPO and RPO positions

- lateral rectum position

(Humerus image) What is the name of this radiographic projection/position? - AP shoulder - AP humerus - mediolateral-lateral humerus - lateromedial-lateral humerus

- lateromedial-lateral humerus

Which aspect of the large intestine is located highest, or most superior, in the abdomen? - right colic flexure - left colic flexure - transverse colon - ascending colon

- left colic flexure

A properly positioned LAO for the large intestine will demonstrate the: - Right colic flexure and ascending colon - Right colic flexure and descending colon - Left colic flexure and ascending colon - Left colic flexure and descending colon

- left colic flexure and descending colon

A patient is erect with their left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position? - Right lateral - Left lateral decubitus - Left lateral - Dorsal decubitus

- left lateral

Which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand? - left lateral decubitus - right lateral decubitus - dorsal decubitus - ventral decubitus

- left lateral decubitus

The ______ tubercle is in profile laterally on the AP external rotation shoulder. - radial - greater - lesser - inter

- lesser

What is the alternate name for the trapezoid? - lesser multangular - capitate - greater multangular - unciform

- lesser multangular

A radiograph that exhibits few differences between adjacent densities is said to have: - high or short scale contrast - high or long scale contrast - low or short scale contrast - low or long scale contrast

- low or long scale contrast

Which of the following factors primarily controls radiographic density? - kVp - mAs - film-screen speed - OID

- mAs

Which of the following definitions would describe a bezoar? - inflammation of the gastric lining - out pouching of the stomach wall - mass of undigested material - stomach neoplasm

- mass of undigested material

The cardinal rules for effective limitations of radiation exposure include all of the following except: - decreasing the amount of time that you are exposed to radiation - increasing your distance from the source of the radiation - wearing a lead shield to minimize an absorbed exposure to the radiation. - maximizing repeat exposure to absorb as much radiation as possible.

- maximizing repeat exposure to absorb as much radiation as possible.

A radiograph of an AP elbow reveals that there is excessive superimposition of the proximal radius and ulna. What is the error? - medial rotation - partial flexion of the joint - lateral rotation - incorrect CR and angle

- medial rotation

Which one of the following structures connects the small intestines to the posterior abdominal wall? - greater omentum - lesser omentum - peritoneum - mesentery

- mesentery

For the AP projection of the thumb, the CR is directed perpendicular to the ____ of the 1st digit. - proximal phalanx - interphalangeal joint - carpometacarpal joint - metacarpophalangeal joint

- metacarpophalangeal joint

The correct CP placement for the thumb is at the: - proximal interphalangeal joint - interphalangeal joint - distal interphalangeal joint - metacarpophalangeal joint

- metacarpophalangeal joint

CR placement for a PA wrist is: - mid carpal area - head of the 3rd metacarpal - 2nd MP joint - 3rd PIP joint

- mid carpal area

The longitudinal plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves is the: - sagittal plane - midsagittal plane - transverse plane - coronal plane

- midsagittal plane

Which of the following substances are NOT digested chemically? - minerals - carbohydrates - proteins - lipids

- minerals

Achalasia is generally defined as: - difficulty in swallowing - a common malignancy of the esophagus - motor disorder of the esophagus - large out pouching of the esophagus

- motor disorder of the esophagus

In order to evaluate the interphalangeal joints in the oblique and lateral positions, the fingers - rest on the IR for immobilization. - must be placed parallel to the IR. - are radiographed in natural flexion. - are radiographed in palmar flexion.

- must be placed parallel to the IR

(Nasogastric image) Part "I" refers to the: - nasal sinus - maxillary sinus - nasal cavity - upper oral cavity

- nasal cavity

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? - lunate - trapezium - navicular - hamate

- navicular

Which aspect of the gallbladder is located most posterior within the abdomen? - fundus - body - neck - apex

- neck

(Scapula image) Was a correct mAs used to show an appropriate overall density for this image? - yes, an appropriate mAs was used. - no, the overall image is too light and the density needs to be decreased. - no, the overall image is too dark and the density needs to be increased - no; the image is not dark enough so you would need to increase the kvp to increase the overall density. - no; the image is not dark enough, so you would need to increase the mAs to increase the overall density - no; the image is too dark so you would need to decrease the mAs to decrease the overall density

- no; the image is not dark enough so you would need to increase the mAs to increase the overall density.

Patient preparation for an esophageal includes: - NPO 4 to 6 hours before the procedure - NPO 30 minutes to 1 hour before the procedure. - NPO 4 to 6 hours and no gum chewing or smoking before the procedure. - none of the above, patient preparation is not needed as long as an upper GI series is not scheduled to follow.

- none of the above; patient preparation is not needed as long as an upper GI series is not scheduled to follow

Which one of the following imaging modalities and/or procedures is very effective in detecting the Meckel diverticulum? - CT - Double-contrast barium enema - sonography - nuclear medicine

- nuclear medicine

Which position of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile? - AP - lateral - oblique; medial rotation - oblique; lateral rotation

- oblique; medial rotation

(Nasogastric image) Part "iv" refers to the: - laryngopharynx - nasopharynx - oropharynx - posterior oral cavity

- oropharynx

Which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest? - hamate - triangular - greater multangular - os magnum

- os magnum

On the AP external rotation of the shoulder, the humeral epicondyles are _______ to the IR. - parallel - perpendicular - 45 degree oblique - angled

- parallel

A projection is the: - collimated field - path of the central ray - radiographic image - position of the patient

- path of the central ray

Which of the following is not one of the radiographic criteria used in the evaluation of images? - patient condition - structures shown - collimation and CR - Exposure criteria

- patient condition

A minimum of two types of markers should be on every radiographic image, they are: - patient identification/date and anatomic side markers - radiographers name and date - date and anatomic side markers - patients identification and date

- patient identification/ date and anatomic side markers

Of the following factors, which one must be observed to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest? - 72" SID - High-kV technique - Patient in erect position - Use high mA and short exposure time

- patient in erect position

Which of the following conditions may lead to an dynamic ileum? - small bowel tumor - scar tissue within the jejunum - peritonitis - stricture of ileum due to an inguinal hernia

- peritonitis

When positioning for an erect abdomen, the CR should be: - perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and iliac crest. - perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and 2" above the iliac crest. - perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and the ASIS. - perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and T7.

- perpendicular and at the level of the MSP and 2" above the iliac crest.

Which of the following is the smallest carpal bone? - scaphoid - pisiform - lunate - capitate

- pisiform

Which of the following is the smallest carpal bone? - triquetrum - hamate - pisiform - lunate

- pisiform

(Scapula image) Based on the positioning evident on the image, it most likely represents which radiographic position? - lateral shoulder - poorly positioned scapular y lateral - poorly positioned lateral scapula - well positioned lateral scapula - well positioned scapular Y lateral

- poorly positioned lateral scapula

A visible posterior fat pad, on a well exposed and correctly positioned lateral elbow radiograph, generally suggests: - negative study - positive study - injury to the radioulnar joint - a congenital defect

- positive study

What is the primary purpose of the membranous folds located within the cystic duct? - produces cholecystokinin - prevents gallstones from entering the gallbladder - provides blood supply to the gallbladder - prevents distention or collapse of the cystic duct

- prevents distention or collapse of the cystic duct

Which of the following is NOT true about the AP projection/position of the forearm? - use a 14x17 IR - place the epicondyles of the humerus parallel to the IR - pronate the hand - use a minimum 40" SID

- pronate the hand

Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? - pronation of the hand - placing the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR - Supination of the hand - external rotation of the elbow

- pronation of the hand

Select the correct term for the definition listed below: Near the source or the beginning - caudad - proximal - extension - radial deviation - inversion - dorsiflexion - adduction - abduction - pronation

- proximal

The correct CR placement for a finger is at the: - interphalangeal joint - proximal interphalangeal joint - distal interphalageal joint - metacarpophalangeal joint

- proximal interphalangeal joint

The correct CR placement for a finger is at the: - interphalangeal joint - proximal interphalangeal joint - distal interphalangeal joint - metacarpophalangeal joint

- proximal interphalangeal joint

(Thumb image) Identify the anatomy labeled "3" - Distal phalanx- first digit (L) - middle phalanx- first digit (L) - proximal phalanx-first digit (L) - body of middle phalanx- first digit (L)

- proximal phalanx-first digit (L)

Which one of the following soft tissue structures are seen on a well-exposed KUB? - adrenal glands - pancreas - psoas muscles - stomach

- psoas muscles

Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum? - Fundus - body - pylorus - cardiac

- pylorus

In the lateral position of the second digit, the hand should rest on which surface? - ulnar - radial - dorsal - anterior

- radial

What are the names of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus? - trochlea and capitulum - olecranon and coronoid fossa - radial and coronoid fossa - olecranon and radial fossa

- radial and coronoid fossa

Which of the following conditions may produce the "cobblestone" or "string" sign? - Whipple disease - regional enteritis (croons disease) - giardiasis - ileus

- regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)

A radiograph of a PA hand reveals that the distal radius, ulna and carpals were not included on the radiograph. What should the technologist do? - accept the radiograph; the wrist is not part of the hand study - accept the radiograph; make sure that the carpals, radius and ulna are included on the lateral. - If the injury to the patient did not involve the carpal region and distal forearm, do not repeat it. - repeat the radiograph to include all of the carpals and approximately 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna

- repeat the radiograph to include all of the carpals, and approximately 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna.

(Scapula image) Based on positioning criteria for this position, this radiographic image is: - acceptable with slight positioning errors - repeatable due to over-rotation - repeatable due to under-rotation - acceptable with no positioning errors

- repeatable due to under-rotation

Which of the following procedures will NOT demonstrate possible esophageal reflux? - toe-touch maneuver - water test - reverse trendelenburg method - compression technique

- reverse trendelenburg method

Which of the following is NOT one of the four quadrants of the abdomen? - Right hypochondriac - right upper - Right lower - left upper

- right hypochondriac

Which of the following is NOT one of the four quadrants of the abdomen? - right hypochondriac - right upper - right lower - left upper

- right hypochondriac

During a double-contrast BE procedure the radiologist suspects a polyp in the descending colon. Which position would best demonstrate this? - supine for AP projection - 45 degree erect PA projection - Right lateral decubitus - left lateral decubitus

- right lateral decubitus

Which of the following patient care concerns would prevent the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast medium? - The patient has a possible ulcer - the patient is sensitive to iodine - the patient has esophageal reflux - the patient has dysphasia

- the patient is sensitive to iodine

Which of the following statements is NOT true in regard to a pediatric small bowel series? - the transit time for barium through the small intestine is longer than that of an adult. - barium sulfate is the contrast medium of choice - the small bowel series should be scheduled early in the morning - a gonadal shield often cannot be used during the later stages of the study

- the transit time for the barium through the small intestine is longer than that of an adult.

Why would a patient undergo Valsalva maneuver during an esophagram? - to demonstrate possible esophageal varices - to demonstrate possible esophageal reflux - to demonstrate possible esophagitis - to demonstrate a possible bezoar

- to demonstrate possible esophageal reflux

Why is oral contrast media sometimes given during computed tomography colonography? - to determine if a fistula is present - to mark or "tag" possible fecal matter - to demonstrate possible diverticula - to prevent spasm of the large intestine

- to mark or "tag" possible fecal matter

What is the purpose of performing the partially flexed positions of the elbow? - to provide a view of the radial head and capitulum - to separate the radial head from the ulna - to provide an AP perspective of the proximal humerus and the distal radius and ulna; if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow - to provide an AP perspective of the distal humerus and the proximal radius and ulna; if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow

- to provide an AP perspective of the distal humerus and the proximal radius and ulna; if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow

Why should the hand be slightly arched for the PA projection of the wrist? - to provide more comfort to the patient - to demonstrate any possible non-displaced metacarpal fractures - to open the carpometacarpal joints - to reduce OID of the carpal bones.

- to reduce OID of the carpal bones

Which of the following is NOT a valid reason to perform chest projections with the patient in the erect position? - to reduce patient dose. - to demonstrate air and fluid levels - to allow the diaphragm to move down further - to preven hyperemia of pulmonary vessels

- to reduce patient dose

Which part of the colon has the greatest amount of potential movement? - descending colon - transverse colon - sigmoid colon - ascending colon

- transverse colon

The first metacarpal articulates with the: - capitate - hamate - trapezium - trapezoid

- trapezium

(Wrist image) This radiograph demonstrates what position? - Radial deviation - PA Wrist - PA oblique wrist - Ulnar deviation

- ulnar deviation

Which of the following positions elongates the scaphoid and opens the joint spaces? - oblique wrist - ulnar deviation - radial deviation - PA hand

- ulnar deviation

Which of the following positions elongates the scaphoid and opens the joint spaces? - oblique wrist - ulnar deviation - radial deviation - carpal canal

- ulnar deviation

What two structures form the distal radioulnar joint? - radial notch and radial head - ulnar notch and ulnar head - radial tuberosity and ulnar notch - coronoid tubercle and radial notch

- ulnar notch and ulnar head

The ______ has a "hook-like" process extending anteriorly. - cuneiform - unciform - os calcis - semilunar

- unciform

Which carpal bone has a hook-like process? - navicular - os magnum - lunate - unciform

- unciform

The medial border of the scapula is also called the: - lateral border - external border - axillary border - vertebral border

- vertebral border

The "tapered," or "corkscrew," radiographic sign is often seen with: - diverticulosis - neoplasm - volvulus - intussusception

- volvulus

Aspirated objects are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus because it is: - wider and more horizontal - wider and more vertical - narrower and more horizontal - narrower and more vertical

- wider and more vertical

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of T9-10? - iliac crest - xiphoid process - interior costal margin - ASIS

- xiphoid process

(Abdomen image) Was an appropriate mAs used to show an overall diagnostic density for this image? - yes, an appropriate mAs was used - No, the overall image is too light and the density needs to be decreased. - No, the overall image is too dark and the density needs to be increased.

- yes, an appropriate mAs was used.

(Chest image) Does this image demonstrate correct tube-film alignment and detent? - yes, this image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment and detent. - this image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment, and incorrect detent. - this image demonstrates incorrect tube-film alignment, but demonstrates correct detent. - this image demonstrates incorrect tube-film alignment and incorrect detent.

- yes, this image demonstrates correct tube-film alignment and detent.

(Abdomen image) Was an appropriate kVp used for this image? - Yes, the appropriate kVp was used. - No; the kVp should be increased to make it lighter. - No; the kVp should be decreased to make it darker.

- yes; the appropriate kVp was used

The AP oblique-RPO projection demonstrates the same aspect of the chest as the: - PA oblique- LAO projection - PA oblique- RAO projection - AP oblique - LPO projection

PA oblique- LAO projection

An erect position is: a. lying on back b. sitting c. standing - a and b - a and c - b and c - a, b and c

b and c

Which of the following bony structures are found on the proximal ulna? a. coracoid process b. olecranon process c. coronoid process d. head e. radial notch f. ulnar notch g. trochlear notch - a, b, e and g - b, c, d and f - a, b, f and g - b, c, d and g - b, c, e and g - b, c, e and f - b, c, f and g

b, c, e and g