RT term 2 midterm
In sinus arrhythmia the heart rate varies more than which of the following? a. 10% b. 15% c. 5% d. 20%
a. 10%
Bronchiectasis is primarily caused by which of the following? a. cystic fibrosis. b. nfluenza. c. COPD. d. rheumatic disease.
a. cystic fibrosis.
Which of the following factors are associated with non-allergic asthma?1. Emotional stress2. Cockroach allergen3. GERD4. Dust mites a. 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 3
Which of the following represents a normal ejection fraction? a. 35%-40% b. 55%-70% c. 45%-60% d. 25%-40%
b. 55%-70%
A negative tuberculin test would be demonstrated by an induration (wheal) of what size? a. Greater than 8 mm b. Less than 5 mm c. Less than 7 mm d. Greater than 10 mm
b. Less than 5 mm
All of the following are risk factors for asthma except: a. sex b. height c. obesity d. gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
b. height
A patient has an expired minute ventilation of 14.2 L and a ventilatory rate of 25/min. What is the average VT? a. 635 ml b. 410 ml c. 568 ml d. 725 ml
c. 568 ml
Mr. Brown has been diagnosed with 4 spontaneous pneumothoracies within the last 6 months. Which of the following procedures should be considered? a. Lung Biopsy b. Bronchoscopy c. Pleurodesis d. Thorocentesis
c. Pleurodesis
The organism that causes TB is a: a. protazoa b. virus c. bacteria d. fungus
c. bacteria
All of the following are causative factors attributing to atelectasis EXCEPT? a. compression of lung b. alveolar degassing c. increased FRC d. reduced alveolar ventilation
c. increased FRC
Which of the following are organs are affected by cystic fibrosis?1. Pancreas2. Liver3. Kidney4. Sinuses a. 1, 4 b. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis?1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening4. Bronchospasm a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
a. Junctional b. Sinus Rhythm c. Asystole d. Sinus Bradycardia
d. Sinus Bradycardia
What chemical is used in the sweat chloride test to aid in the production of sweat? 1. phosphorous 2. palladium 3. pancuronium 4. pilocarpine
4. pilocarpine
Which of the following are considered accessory muscles of expiration?1. Trapezius2. Scalenes3. External obliques4. Transversus abdominis a. 3, 4 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 3
a. 3, 4
All of the following can be used in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis EXCEPT: a. an elevated potassium level in the sweat. b. genetic testing of the patient and/or parents. c. stool fecal fat test d. an elevated chloride level in the sweat.
a. an elevated potassium level in the sweat.
Which medications are used to treat TB during the first 2 months: 1. isoniazid 2. rifampin 3. erythromycin 4. streptomycin a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2,4 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2,3,4
b. 1,2,4
A sample of blood has been taken from a patient's pulmonary artery. What mixed venous oxygen saturation value (SvO2) would indicate that the patient is normal? a. 40% b. 75% c. 97% d. 50%
b. 75%
Ventricular tachycardia is the most life threatening arrhythmia. a. True b. False
b. False
What percentage of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin? a. 30% b. 50 % c. 98% d. 75%
c. 98%
Which of the following exposes the patient to large doses of radiation by taking x-ray motion pictures of the chest? a. MRI b. Bronchography c. Fluoroscopy d. PET Scan
c. Fluoroscopy
Thready, bounding, and weak are all adjectives used to describe which of the following? a. Blood pressure b. Respirations c. Pulse d. Breath sounds
c. pulse
Obstructive lung disorders are characterized by a reduction in: a. Inspiratory flows. b. Lung volumes. c. Lung capacities. d. Expiratory flows.
d. Expiratory flows.
The Mycobacterium bacilli is impervious to gram staining due to: a. its size b. its shape c. its hard shell d. its waxy coating
d. its waxy coating
The management of COPD may include:1. annual influenza immunization.2. bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures.3. bronchodilators.4. smoking cessation. a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
After a resting expiration, air still remains in the lungs. What is this volume called? a. RV b. ERV c. FRC d. VC
a. RV
A patient has a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 3300 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of 1500 ml. What is the residual volume (RV)? a. 900 ml b. 1800 ml c. 2700 ml d. 4800 ml
b. 1800 ml
a. A fib b. V fib c. V tach d. A-flutter
c. V tach
All of the following are criteria for mechanical ventilation Except: a. impending ventilatory failure b. severe refractory hypoxemia c. obesity d. acute ventilatory failure
c. obesity
Which of the following chest assessment findings can be found in pulmonary edema? 1. course crackles 2. increases tactile fremitus 3. hyper-resonate percussion note 4. wheezing a. 2 and 3 b. 1,3,and 4 c. 2 and 4 d. 1,2,and 4
d. 1,2,and 4
Hypothermia will cause which of the following? a. increased oxygen consumption b. a right shift on the oxygen dissociation curve c. high metabolic rate d. decreased cardiopulmonary demand
d. decreased cardiopulmonary demand
If the patient has a tension pneumothorax, all of the following chest radiograph findings would be expected EXCEPT: a. mediastinal shift to the unaffected side. b. atelectasis. c. increased translucency on the side of the pneumothorax. d. elevated diaphragm.
d. elevated diaphragm.
Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume equals: a. inspiratory capacity. b. vital capacity. c. total lung capacity. d. functional residual capacity.
d. functional residual capacity.
A sucking chest wound would be classified as a(n) _____ pneumothorax. a. iatrogenic b. closed c. valvular d. open
d. open
Which of the following values is the VD/VT value if the PaCO2 is 40 mm Hg and the is 30 mm Hg? a. 0.25 or 25% b. 0.33 or 33%. c. Need more information to determine the value. d. 0.4 or 40%
a. 0.25 or 25%
Patients with chronc hypoxemia can ultimately develop which of the following? 1. Pulmonary hypertension 2. Pulmonary embolism 3. Cor pulmonale 4. Myesthenia Gravis a. 1 and 3 only b. 1,2,3, and 4 c. 1,2,and 3 d. 3 and 4 only
a. 1 and 3 only
How can the genetic mutation found with cystic fibrosis (CF) be characterized?1. There are over 1700 genetic mutations.2. CF is the most common fatal childhood inherited disorder.3. The child must inherit one copy of the defective gene4. The carrier automatically has the disease. a. 1, 2 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 3, 4
a. 1, 2
Which of the following are considered accessory muscles of inspiration?1. Sternocleidomastoids2. Scalenes3. Internal obliques4. Transversus abdominis a. 1, 2 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 2, 3, 4
a. 1, 2
Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include:1. expectorants.2. early childhood immunizations.3. lung resection.4. antibiotics. a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of the following is (are) precipitating factor(s) of postoperative atelectasis?1. Supine position2. Use of inadequate tidal volume during mechanical mechanical ventilation3. Malnutrition4. Obesity a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1 c. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 3, 4
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of the following would be recommended for the management of an adult with a severe flail chest?1. Airway clearance2. Pain management3. Mechanical ventilation with PEEP4. Oxygen therapy a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 2 d. 2, 3, 4
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
A patient has cardiogenic pulmonary edema. What chest radiograph findings would be expected?1. Bat wings or butterfly pattern fluffy infiltrates2. Cardiomegaly3. Hyperinflation4. Kerly B lines a. 1, 2, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1 d. 3, 4
a. 1, 2, 4
Which of the following are anatomic alterations that occur when a person has a pneumothorax?1. The lung on the affected side collapses.2. The visceral and parietal pleura separate.3. The visceral pleura adheres to the parietal pleura.4. The chest wall moves outward. a. 1, 2, 4 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 3
a. 1, 2, 4
Which of the following should a patient with bronchiectasis do to reduce the risk of the condition worsening?1. Avoid air pollution.2. Get an influenza vaccination.3. Take an antibiotic every day.4. Avoid smoking. a. 1, 2, 4 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 2, 3, 4
a. 1, 2, 4
Common chest assessment findings in a patient with atelectasis include:1. increased tactile fremitus.2. dull percussion note.3. fine crackles.4. vesicular breath sounds. a. 1, 2,3 b. 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
a. 1, 2,3
A patient has postprimary TB. What are the major pathologic or structural changes associated with it?1. Cavity formation2. Tracheal edema3. Dilated and distorted bronchi4. Fibrosis of lung tissue a. 1, 3, 4 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 3 d. 2, 3
a. 1, 3, 4
The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include:1. atelectasis.2. frothy pink secretions.3. Increased surface tension of alveolar fluids.4. alveolar flooding. a. 1,2, 3, 4 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3
a. 1,2, 3, 4
Which of the following would be expected when a chest assessment is performed on a patient during an asthmatic episode?1. Prolonged expiratory time2. Decreased tactile fremitus3. Increased vesicular breath sounds4. Hyperresonant percussion note a. 1,2, 4 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
a. 1,2, 4
An iatrogenic pneumothorax may be caused by:1. positive-pressure mechanical ventilation.2. pleural biopsy3. subclavian vein cannulation.4. car accident. a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,2,4 d. 1,2,3,4
a. 1,2,3
Radiologic findings for a bronchiectasis patient can reveal which of the following: 1. Depressed or flattened diaphragms 2. Long and narrow heart 3. Tram tracks 4. Dark (translucent) lung fields a. 1,2,3, and 4 b. 3 and 4 c. 1 and 2 d. 1,2, and 3
a. 1,2,3, and 4
Radiologic findings for TB may include: 1. Gohn complex 2. Cavity formation 3. Pleural effusion 4. Calcification and fibrosis a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1, 4 c. 1,2, d. 1,2,4
a. 1,2,3,4
Which of the following are pathological structural changes associated with flail chest? 1. Rib instability 2. Atelectasis 3. Dilation and distortion of the bronchi 4. Lung volume restriction a. 1,2,4 b. 1,3 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,2,3
a. 1,2,4
When reviewing a cardiac rhythm strip, the respiratory therapist notices that there are three large boxes between two QRS complexes. Approximately what is the heart rate? a. 100 b. 75 c. 60 d. 150
a. 100
What is the normal value for chloride? a. 4.5-5.4 mEq/L b. 3.9-6.0 mEq/L c. 95-106 mEq/L d. 5.0-6.5 mEq/L
a. 4.5-5.4 mEq/L
An ECG strip consistently shows four large boxes between each QRS complex, what is the HR? a. 75 b. 100 c. 80 d. 60
a. 75
A restrictive defect is present when TLC is reduced to less than what percentage of predicted levels? a. 80% b. 60% c. 90% d. 70%
a. 80%
a. A flutter b. Sinus Rhythm with artifact c. A fib d. V-fib
a. A flutter
Which of the following conditions are not common causes of restrictive lung disease? a. Asthma and emphysema b. Interstitial lung disease and lung scarring c. Chest wall dysfunction and neurologic disease d. Atelectasis and obesity
a. Asthma and emphysema
The respiratory therapist is asked to evaluate a patient with suspected congestive heart failure. Which of the following laboratory tests should the respiratory therapist recommend to evaluate the patient for possible congestive heart failure? a. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) b. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) c. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) d. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
a. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
What is the name for the microscopic structures formed from the breakdown of eosinophils in allergic asthma? a. Charcot-Leyden crystals b. Colleen-Lyndahl clusters c. Charles-Lahr casts d. Charlene-Lichty crystals
a. Charcot-Leyden crystals
Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis? a. Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum b. Dyspnea on exertion c. Decreased DLCO with normal to decreased expiratory flow rates on pulmonary function d. elevated eosinophils in laboratory findings
a. Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum
s you assess the respiratory status of a patient you notice they have jugular venous distention. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of this finding? a. Congestive heart failure b. Lung cancer c. Pneumonia d. Pulmonary infarction
a. Congestive heart failure
All of the following medications are commonly used in the treatment of bronchiectasis Except: a. Corticosteroids b. Antibiotics c. Beta 2 Agonist d. Expectorants
a. Corticosteroids
Which of the following is true of the diffusing capacity test (DLCO) findings in a patient with COPD? a. Decreased in emphysema b. Normal in all cases c. Decreased in chronic bronchitis d. Increased in all cases
a. Decreased in emphysema
Which of the following is being measured if a respiratory care practitioner instructs a patient to take a maximum deep breath and then exhale as forcefully and as fast as possible? a. FVC b. TLC c. MIP d. VC
a. FVC
While assessing a patient who was involved in a serious car crash and hit his steering wheel, the respiratory therapist observes that a section of his left anterior chest wall sinks inward during inspiration. What is the most likely cause? a. Flail chest b. Pneumothorax c. Cardiac tamponade d. Pulmonary fibrosis
a. Flail chest
Compared to predicted normals, a patient has an increased RV and a decreased percent FEV1/FVC. Which of the following is most likely the underlying problem? a. Generalized obstruction with air trapping b. Restrictive disorder of the lungs c. Combined restrictive and obstructive disease d. Poor patient effort during the test
a. Generalized obstruction with air trapping
Which of the following volumes or capacities cannot be measured by simple spirometry? I. Functional residual capacity (FRC) II. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) III. Residual volume (RV) IV. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) a. I and III b. I, II, III, and IV c. I and IV d. I, III, and IV
a. I and III
Which of the following are located in the interstitial tissues between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli and when stimulated causes rapid, shallow breathing. a. J Receptors b. Hering- Breuer Reflex c. Central Chemoreceptors d. Irritant Reflexes
a. J Receptors
Which of the following is true of a chest radiograph? a. Lateral films are shot through one side of an upright patient b. PA films artificially increase the size of the heart shadow. c. AP films are typically taken in the x-ray department. d. Lateral decubitus films are shot with the patient lying supine.
a. Lateral films are shot through one side of an upright patient
he PaO2/FIO2 ratio is useful in determining which of the following: a. Lung diffusion defects b. Ventilatory failure c. Pulmonary shunting d. Areas of atelectasis
a. Lung diffusion defects
Which of the following is superior to the CT scan in identifying complex congenital heart disorders, bone marrow disease, and lesions of the chest wall, and swollen lymph nodes (adenopathy)? a. MRI b. A stress echocardiogram c. A transesophageal echocardiogram d. Fluoroscopy
a. MRI
Which of the following is an indication for acute ventilatory failure? a. PaCO2>50 mm Hg, pH < 7.30 b. PaCO2>60 mm Hg, pH < 7.25 c. PaCO2 > 45 mmHg, pH< 7.35 d. PaCO2<50 mm Hg, pH < 7.20
a. PaCO2>50 mm Hg, pH < 7.30
On a chest radiograph blunting of the costophrenic angles suggests which of the following? a. Pleural fluid b. Lung cancer c. The patient did not take a deep enough breath. d. Underpenetrated exposure on the film
a. Pleural fluid
After a patient experienced four pneumothoraces of her right lung over a 24-month period, the physician recommended a procedure to reduce the occurrence of future pneumothoraces. Which procedure would the physician have recommended? a. Pleurodesis b. Right pneumonectomy c. Permanent right-sided thoracostomy tube d. Right upper lobectomy
a. Pleurodesis
As pulmonary edema initiates, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences? a. Pulmonary capillaries, interstitial spaces, alveoli b. Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea c. Alveoli , bronchioles, bronchi d. Peribronchial interstitial spaces, bronchi, trachea
a. Pulmonary capillaries, interstitial spaces, alveoli
Which type of untreated pneumothorax is considered to be the most serious? a. Tension b. Malignant c. Spontaneous d. Iatrogenic
a. Tension
Which of the following does the A-a gradient help to determine? a. The cause of hypoxemia b. The severity of impairment to the A-C membrane c. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli d. The diffusion rate of oxygen
a. The cause of hypoxemia
The respiratory therapist is monitoring the blood pressure of a patient in the emergency department and notes that the blood pressure is 15 mm Hg less on inspiration than on expiration. Which of the following would most likely result in this finding? a. The patient is having a severe exacerbation of asthma. b. The patient is having a myocardial infarction. c. The patient is hypovolemic. d. The patient has a pulmonary embolism.
a. The patient is having a severe exacerbation of asthma.
Airway obstruction causes a decreased V/Q ratio. a. True b. False
a. True
Core temperature remains relatively constant. a. True b. False
a. True
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema can show either unilateral or bilateral infiltrates on an x-ray. a. True b. False
a. True
Placing the patient in fowler's position can help decrease hydrostatic pressure. a. True b. False
a. True
Which of the following respiratory care protocols will most help patients with bronchiectasis that is experiencing increased airway resistance with coarse crackles and to prevent or reduce reoccuring infections? a. airway clearance protocol b. aerosolized medication therapy protocol c. lung expansion protocol d. oxygen therapy protocol
a. airway clearance protocol
In which of the following arrythmias is there no cardiac output or blood pressure ? a. atrial fibrilation b. ventricular tachycardia c. ventricular fibrilation d. premature ventricular contractions
a. atrial fibrilation
A 50-year-old patient would be said to have hypotension when her: a. blood pressure is 85/55 mm Hg b. pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg. c. blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg. d. heart rate is 55 bpm.
a. blood pressure is 85/55 mm Hg
Which of the following indicates inadequate blood flow to the tissue cells? a. circulatory hypoxia b. histotoxic hypoxia c. anaemic hypoxia d. hypoxic hyoxia
a. circulatory hypoxia
The ease with which the elastic forces of the lungs accept a volume of inspired air is known as which of the following? a. compliance b. static forces c. resistance d. elasticity
a. compliance
Which of the following are activated by allergies such as in an allergic asthmatic episode? a. eosinophils. b. erythrocytes. c. neutrophils. d. monocytes.
a. eosinophils.
The following medications are commonly used to treat asthma Except: a. expectorants b. beta 2 agonist c. anticholinergics d. inhaled corticosteroids
a. expectorants
Impaired ability of the tissue cells to metabolize oxygen is referred to as which of the following? a. histotoxic hypoxia b. circulatory hypoxia c. anemic hypoxia d. hypoxic hypoxia
a. histotoxic hypoxia
A first-line agent used to treat a TB infection is: a. isoniazid. b. streptomycin. c. penicillin. d. gentamycin
a. isoniazid.
A central venous catheter is used to: a. monitor right ventricular function b. monitor pulmonary artery pressure c. measure left ventricular work d. measure left atrial pressure
a. monitor right ventricular function
All of the following are medications used in the treatment of COPD except? a. mucolytics b. bronchodilators c. antibiotics d. inhaled corticosteroids
a. mucolytics
Pulmonary edema manifests itself clinically as a(n) _____ disorder. a. restrictive pulmonary b. equally restrictive and obstructive c. obstructive pulmonary
a. restrictive pulmonary
All of the following are tests used to diagnose TB EXCEPT: a. serum BUN test b. quantiFERON-TB Gold Test c. tuberculosis skin test (PPD) d. acid-fast bacillus (AFB) stain test
a. serum BUN test
Cystic fibrosis patients are associated with all of the following EXCEPT: a. tendency for status asthmaticus. b. malnutrition. c. excessive, viscous pulmonary secretions. d. meconium ileus (bowel obstruction).
a. tendency for status asthmaticus.
Total lung capacity is a result of: a. vital capacity plus residual volume. b. inspiratory reserve volume plus functional residual capacity. c. inspiratory capacity plus residual volume. d. inspiratory capacity plus expiratory residual volume.
a. vital capacity plus residual volume.
A PET/CT scan can provide which of the following? 1. Early detection of cancer metastasis2. Accurate staging of cancer3. Precise size of the tumor4. Real time movement of the abdominal contents a. 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2
b. 1, 2, 3
Which of the following are used to confirm the diagnosis of COPD?1. Presence of a chronic cough2. Chronic exposure to environmental toxins3. FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70 4. TLC a. 1, 2 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4
b. 1, 2, 3
Which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected in a patient with emphysema?1. Polycythemia2. Barrel chest3. Pursed-lip breathing4. Normal percussion note a. 1, 4 b. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of the following are pathologic changes associated with a flail chest?1. Pneumothorax2. Secondary pneumonia3. Pleural effusion4. Pulmonary contusion a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 2
b. 1, 2, 4
Which of the following techniques are used to measure residual volume?1. helium dilution2. body plethysmography3. nitrogen washout test4. single-breath carbon dioxide washout test a. 1, 3, and 4 b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 1, 2, 3, and 4 d. 2 and 4
b. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following can be identified by pulmonary angiography?1. Pulmonary emboli2. Pulmonary hypertension3. Arteriovenous malformations4. Cause of hemoptysis a. 4 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 3
Which of the following are seen on a chect radiograph of a patient with flail chest?1. Increased opacity 2. Rib fractures3. Hyperinflation4. Increased density on affected side a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1,2, 4 c. 1.2 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 1,2, 4
Asthma is associated with which of the following? 1. Increase in goblet cells 2. Damage to cilia and reduced mucus clearance 3. Increase bronchial gland size 4. Decreased eosinophils a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2,4 d. 2,3,4
b. 1,2,3
Which of the following alterations occur in bronchiectasis? 1. dilation of bronchial walls 2. impaired mucocilliary transport 3. hemoptysis 4. impaired Na and Cl transport a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2 d. 2,3,4
b. 1,2,3
Which of the following are structural changes associated with asthma? 1. Excessive production of thick, whitish bronchial secretions 2. Hyperinflation 3. Mucus plugging 4. Destruction of AC membrane a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 2.3.4 d. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,3
Which of the following are used to help diagnose asthma? 1. History of variable respiratory symptoms 2. Allergy test 3. Bronchial provocation (methacholine challenge) 4. FEV1>12% after inhaling a bronchodilator a. 2,3,4 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,3,4
In the management of cystic fibrosis, the primary goals are: 1. Prevent pulmonary infections 2. Reduce secretions 3. Remove polyps 4. Provide adequate nutrition a. 2,3,4 b. 1,2,4 c. 1,2,3, and 4 d. 1,2,3
b. 1,2,4
Which of the following are common characteristics of a patient with Chronic Bronchitis? 1. Distended neck veins 2. Pitting edema 3. Barrel chest 4. Crackles a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2,4 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 2,3,4
b. 1,2,4
Which of the following will produce diminished breath sounds? 1. obesity 2. secretions 3. hyperinflation 4. upper airway obstruction a. 3 and 4 b. 1,2,and 3 c. 1 and 3 d. 2 and 4
b. 1,2,and 3
An increase in body temperature can cause which of the following: 1. Vasodilation 2. Decreased CO2 production 3. Increased O2 consumption 4. Increased cardiopulmonary demand a. 3 and 4 only b. 1,3 and 4 c. 2 and 3 only d. 1,2,and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
Which of the following may be found in the laboratory results of a patient with bronchiectasis? 1. elevated white blood cells 2. decreased hemoglobin levels 3. decreased white blood cells 4. increased hemoglobin levels a. 1,2 b. 1,4 c. 3,4 d. 2,3
b. 1,4
A patient has a long smoking history and has recently coughed up blood. The physician suspects that there may be lung cancer, but no lesions can be seen on a standard chest radiograph. A CT scan offers which of the following advantages?1. Bronchial tumors can be seen.2. Lung tumors as small as 0.4 cm can be seen.3. A tumor's metabolism can be identified.4. A mediastinal mass can be seen. a. 2,3,4 b. 1.2.4 c. 1,3 d. 1,2,3
b. 1.2.4
Vital capacity is the sum of which of the following?1. Residual volume2. Inspiratory capacity3. Expiratory reserve volume4. Functional residual capacity a. 3 and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 2 and 4 d. 1 and 4
b. 2 and 3
Which of the following rhythms are not shockable? 1. Ventricular fibrilation 2. Asystole 3. Ventricular Tachycardia 4. Pulseless electrical activity a. 1 only b. 2 and 4 c. 3 only d. 1 and 3
b. 2 and 4
Which of the following would be found in a patient with asystole? 1. Increased ventricular activity 2. Absence of electrical activity 3. No blood pressure 4. Highly variable heart rate a. 1,3,4 b. 2,3 c. 2 d. 1,4
b. 2,3
Which of the following are abnormal causes of anatomic shunt? 1. Bronchial venous drainage2. Congenital heart disease3. Intrapulmonary fistula4. Vascular lung tumors a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. ,3,4 d. 3 and 4 only
b. 2,3,4
If both the mother and the father are carriers for the cystic fibrosis gene, what are the chances that their child will have cystic fibrosis? a. 50% b. 25% c. 0% d. 75%
b. 25%
What is the normal value for potassium? a. 4.0-5.9 mEq/L b. 3.8-5.0 mEq/L c. 3.5=4.5 mEq/L d. 4.3-5.0 mEq/L
b. 3.8-5.0 mEq/L
The heart shadow on a chest radiograph will show up larger than normal on a(n): a. PA film. b. AP film. c. computed tomography (CT) scan. d. left lateral film.
b. AP film.
What is the primary cause of hypoxemia in a patient with a severe flail chest? a. Myocardial contusion b. Alveolar atelectasis c. Hemorrhage d. Pulmonary edema
b. Alveolar atelectasis
Which of the following may decrease the FVC in a patient with an obstructive lung disorder? a. A decrease in expiratory muscle mass b. An increase in residual volume (RV) c. A decrease in lung size
b. An increase in residual volume (RV)
The results of pulmonary function testing show a normal total lung capacity and decreased, but reversible, FEV1 and FEV25-75. The patient is a 22-year-old, nonsmoking man with a history of intermittent "wheezing." Which of the following is most likely the cause of his problem? a. Severe restrictive pulmonary disease b. Asthma c. Emphysema d. Pulmonary fibrosis
b. Asthma
The respiratory therapist is performing chest assessment on a post-op cardiac surgery patient who has developed cough, fever, and tachypnea. Which of the following would the therapist expect to find confirming the suspicion of post-op atelectasis in this patient? a. Wheezes b. Bronchial breath sounds c. Hyperresonant percussion note d. Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus
b. Bronchial breath sounds
The respiratory therapist is called to evaluate a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolus. The respiratory therapist would MOST likely recommend which of the following diagnostic procedures to help determine if the patient has a pulmonary embolus? a. CT scan b. CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) c. MRI scan d. Positron Emission Tomography ( PET) scan
b. CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA)
While assessing an unconscious patient, the respiratory therapist observes that the patient's breathing becomes progressively faster and deeper and then progressively becomes slower and shallower. After that, there is a period of apnea before the cycle begins again. This breathing pattern would be identified as: a. hyperventilation. b. Cheyne-Stokes c. Kussmaul. d. tachypnea
b. Cheyne-Stokes
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding paradoxical chest movement? a. With inspiration, the flail section moves outward. b. During inspiration, the flail section moves inward. c. During exhalation, the flail area moves inward. d. The trachea deviates away from the flail side of the chest.
b. During inspiration, the flail section moves inward.
Which of the following abnormal breathing patterns is associated with increased rate and depth of breathing and commonly seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis? a. Biots respirations b. Kussmaul's respirations c. Apneuistic respirations d. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
b. Kussmaul's respirations
All of the following medications are used in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Except: a. Albuterol b. Lasix c. Dornase Alfa c. Ibuprofen
b. Lasix
The measurement of the PaO2 is a good indicator of which of the following? a. O2 being buffered b. O2 dissolved in plasma c. O2 bound to hemoglobin d. O2 consumption
b. O2 dissolved in plasma
Which of the following terms is used to describe shortness of breath in the reclining position? a. Eupnea b. Orthopnea c. Exertional dyspnea d. Cardiac dyspnea
b. Orthopnea
Which of the following represents depolarization of the ventricles? a. P wave b. QRS complex c. ST segment d. T wave
b. QRS complex
Alcohol is used in pulmonary edema for which of the following purposes? a. To increase osmotic pressures b. Reduction of the foamy consistency of the secretions c. Reduce afterload d. Increase cardiac contractility
b. Reduction of the foamy consistency of the secretions
What conclusions can you draw from the following data, obtained on a 32-year-old 53-kg woman admitted for elective surgery? a. Results indicate generalized airway obstruction. b. Results indicate normal pulmonary function. c. Results indicate a combined disease process. d. Results indicate a mild restrictive lung disorder.
b. Results indicate normal pulmonary function.
The respiratory therapist is performing palpation on a patient recently admitted to the medical ward. The therapist notes decreased tactile fremitus over the right lung. Which of the following could MOST likely be the cause for this physical exam finding? a. Right-sided pneumonia b. Right-sided pneumothorax c. Right-sided pulmonary edema d. Right-sided atelectasis
b. Right-sided pneumothorax
a. Sinus tachycardia with PAC b. Sinus rhythm with PVC c. Sinus tachycardia with PVC d. Sinus rhythm with PAC
b. Sinus rhythm with PVC
A 6-foot-tall, 140-pound, 28-year-old female patient has come to the emergency department with a complaint of a sudden sharp pain in the right upper chest followed by shortness of breath. The pain originated while she participated in deep breathing exercises in a yoga class. The physician has determined that she has a 15% pneumothorax. How should the pneumothorax be classified? a. Exercise related b. Spontaneous c. Traumatic d. Open
b. Spontaneous
Which of the following is the amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration? a. Residual volume b. Vital capacity c. Expiratory reserve volume d. Functional residual capacity
b. Vital capacity
The respiratory therapist is examining a patient in the medical ward and notes that the trachea is deviated to the left. All of the following may be causing the tracheal deviation to the left EXCEPT: a. a tumor mass on the right. b. atelectasis of the right upper lobe. c. a right-sided tension pneumothorax. d. a right-sided pleural effusion.
b. atelectasis of the right upper lobe.
The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each heartbeat (stroke volume [SV] multiplied by the heart rate [HR]) is referred to as which of the following? a. mean arterial pressure b. cardiac output c. systolic blood pressure d. diastolic blood pressure
b. cardiac output
Baroreceptors sense which of the following: a. change in oxygen concentration b. change in blood pressure c. change in carbon dioxide levels d. change in lung volume
b. change in blood pressure
A dull percussion note would be heard in all of the following situations EXCEPT: a. pleural thickening. b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). c. consolidation. d. atelectasis.
b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
All of the following symptoms are commonly associated with asthma EXCEPT: a. wheeze. b. fever. c. cough. d. chest tightness.
b. fever.
When detected on a chest radiograph, the initial lung lesions are called: a. granulomas b. ghon nodules c. tubercules d. cavities
b. ghon nodules
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is particularly damaging to the lungs because of the: a. irreversible bronchospasm that it causes. b. healing of a tubercle causing fibrosis and calcification c. formation of micropulmonary emboli. d. violent coughing that it causes.
b. healing of a tubercle causing fibrosis and calcification
The primary indication for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is : a. hypoxemic respiratory failure b. hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to COPD c. hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to renl failure d. hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COPD
b. hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to COPD
Culture and sensitivity tests are performed for which of the following reasons? a. classification of organisms present in the sputum. b. identity an organism and find the antibiotic(s) best suited for combating infection. c. determine the shape of the organisms present. d. stain a microorganism as gram positive or gram negative.
b. identity an organism and find the antibiotic(s) best suited for combating infection.
Kerley A and B lines on an x-ray represents which of the following? a. pneumonia b. interstitial edema c. pleural effusion d. alveolar flooding
b. interstitial edema
Severe bronchiectasis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT: a. polycythemia. b. loss of alveolar elasticity. c. distended neck veins. d. cor pulmonale.
b. loss of alveolar elasticity.
All of the following are white blood cells except: a. monocytes b. plasma proteins c. basophils d. neutrophils
b. plasma proteins
Which of the following represents alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated? a. increased V/Q b. pulmonary shunting c. anatomic deadspace d. alveolar deadspace
b. pulmonary shunting
Airway obstruction and diffusion defects can cause which of the following? a. anatomic shunt b. relative shunt c. capillary shunt d. absolute shunt
b. relative shunt
Which of the following statements accurately describe(s) emphysema?1. It is characterized by alveolar wall destruction.2. It is an airway disease.3. It is reversible and preventable.4. It is characterized by thick secretions and mucus plugging. a. 1, 3 b. 1, 2, 4 c. 1 d. 3
c. 1
Which of the following are associated with the breathing of a patient with pulmonary edema? 1. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 2. Apneustic breathing 3. Orthopnea 4. Platypnea a. 1,2,and 3 b. 2 and 4 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 2,3,and 4
c. 1 and 3 only
Which of the following are associated with atopic/allergic asthma? 1. Animal dander2. Mold3. Emotional stress4. Male gender a. 1, 3, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 2 d. 1, 2, 3
c. 1, 2
Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with chronic bronchitis?1. Rhonchi2. Cor pulmonale3. Digital clubbing4. Stocky, overweight build a. 1, 3, 4 b. 1, 2 c. 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 2, 3
c. 1, 2, 3, 4
Patients with restrictive pulmonary disease demonstrate a decrease in which of the following measurements?1. Vital capacity2. Total lung capacity3. Residual volume4. Inspiratory reserve volume a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 2, 3,and 4 d. 1 and 4
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with TB?1. Dull percussion note2. Bronchospasm3. Hyperresonant percussion note4. Crackles a. 1, 4 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 2,4 d. 2, 3, 4
c. 1, 2,4
According to the way gas enters the pleural space, a pneumothorax can be classified as:1. closed.2. intrinsic.3. open.4. extrinsic. a. 1, 4 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 2, 3
c. 1, 3
After open heart surgery, a patient has developed bronchitis with copious secretions and atelectasis. His SpO2 is at 96%. What respiratory therapy procedure(s) should initially be recommended?1. Chest physical therapy2. Oxygen Therapy3. Incentive spirometry4. Inhaled sympathomimetic medication a. 1, 2, 4 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 2,3
c. 1, 3
Which of the following terms is (are) commonly applied to a patient with emphysema? 1. Pink puffer 2. Blue bloater 3. Type A COPD 4. Type B COPD a. 2, 4 b. 1 c. 1, 3 d. 2
c. 1, 3
The major pathologic or structural changes associated with cystic fibrosis include:1. partial airway obstruction leading to hyperinflation.2. permanent enlargement and destruction of the alveoli.3. thick, tenacious mucus.4. total airway obstruction leading to atelectasis. a. 1, 2 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1, 3, 4
Which of the following is/are considered noncardiogenic cause(s) of increased capillary permeability?1. Alveolar hypoxia2. Mitral valve disease3. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)4. Inhalation of toxic agents a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4
c. 1, 3, 4
Gram staining is done to:1. classify organisms as gram positive or gram negative.2. identify tuberculosis organisms.3. speed up the organism culturing process.4. help guide therapy. a. 1, 2 b. 3 c. 1, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
c. 1, 4
What are some factors associated with reactivation TB? 1. malnourishment 2. living in overcrowding conditions 3. alcohol abuse 4. Immunosuppressed patients a. 2.,3,4 b. 1,3,4 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,2,3
c. 1,2,3,4
A pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter can be used for which of the following? 1. Measuring cardiac output 2. Arterial blood sampling 3. Measuring left atrial pressure 4. Measuring pulmonary artery pressure a. 2,3,4 b. 1 c. 1,3,4 d. 2,3
c. 1,3,4
The pink puffer will adapt to his V/Q mismatch by doing which of the following? 1. hyperventilating 2. open mouth breathing 3. hypoventilating 4. pursed lip breathing a. 1 only b. 2.3 c. 1,4 d. 1,2,4
c. 1,4
What is the normal hemoglobin level for a female? a. 14-16 g/dL b. 10-14 g/dL c. 12-15 g/dL d. 11-14 g/dL
c. 12-15 g/dL
What is the normal value for sodium? a. 4.8-5.5 mEq/L b. 95-105 mEq/L c. 130-142 mEq/L d. 120-135 mEq/L
c. 130-142 mEq/L
An ECG shows 14 QRS complexes. What is the heart rate? a. 120 bpm b. 100 bpm c. 140 bpm d. 150 bpm
c. 140 bpm
Which of the following body temperature sites reflects core temperature? 1. oral 2. rectum 3. ear (tympanic) 4. axillary a. 2 only b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 1,3, and 4
c. 2 and 3
Which of the following are evaluated on a chest x-ray? 1. Precise location and size of a tumor2. Exposure quality3. The heart shadow4. The position of the mediastinum a. 1,2,4 b. 1,4 c. 2,3,4 d. 4
c. 2,3,4
Which of the following can be considered normal breath sounds? 1. stridor 2. vesicular 3. tracheal 4. bronchial a. 1 only b. 1,3,and 4 c. 2,3,and 4 d. 2 and 4
c. 2,3,and 4
After the TB bacilli is inhaled, how long does it take to multiply? a. 2 to 10 days b. 1 week c. 3 to 4 weeks d. 2 to 4 days
c. 3 to 4 weeks
All of the following may be causes of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema EXCEPT: a. Drug overdose b. High altitudes c. Arrhythmias d. Aspiration
c. Arrhythmias
Which of the following procedures would most warrant short-term mechanical ventilation because of the high risk of postoperative atelectasis? a. Back surgery b. Dialysis c. Cardiac surgery d. Bronchoscopy for tumor biopsy
c. Cardiac surgery
Which of the following patterns of bronchiectasis produce dilated, rigid tubular structures in the lung parenchyma? a. Cystic b. Varicose c. Cylindrical
c. Cylindrical
What is the primary cause of hypotension in a patient with a large pneumothorax? a. Pain b. Tracheal compression c. Decreased venous return to the heart d. Atelectasis
c. Decreased venous return to the heart
What are the auscultation findings associated with flail chest? a. Vesicular b. Stridor c. Diminished on affected and non affected side d. Bilateral bronchovesicular
c. Diminished on affected and non affected side
Which of the following accurately describes a flail chest? a. Double fractures of 2 adjacent ribs b. Single fracture of 3 adjacent ribs c. Double fractures of 3 adjacent ribs d. Triple fractures of 2 adjacent ribs
c. Double fractures of 3 adjacent ribs
Which of the following is considered a symptom a patient with pulmonary disease may complain of when in distress? a. Retractions of intercostal spaces b. Distressed facial expressions c. Dyspnea d. Tachypnea
c. Dyspnea
The respiratory therapist is caring for a patient who is receiving diuretic therapy as part of the medication regimen for her congestive heart failure. Which of the following would the therapist most likely monitor in watching for common side effects associated with diuretic therapy? a. Hyperchloremia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypokalemia d. Hyperbilirubinemia
c. Hypokalemia
A difficency in platelets can cause which of the following? a. Increased basophils b. Decrease in th epercentage of plasma in the blood c. Increased bleeding and impaired clotting of the blood d. Increased production of white blood cells
c. Increased bleeding and impaired clotting of the blood
A patient has a chronic respiratory disorder and vasoconstriction of her pulmonary vascular system. What is the chief control over this vasoconstriction? a. Low PaO2 b. High pH c. Low PAO2 d. High PaCO2
c. Low PAO2
A BNP over 300 suggests which of the following? a. No heart failure b. Moderate heart failure c. Mild heart failure d. Severe heart failure
c. Mild heart failure
A patient was given a CBC and results showed a white blood cell count of 12,000. What can be the RT conclude? a. Presence of tumors or enlarged lymph nodes b. Patient has normal results c. Patient has an infection d. Decreased oxygen carrying capacity
c. Patient has an infection
In patients with chronically high PaCO2 and low PaO2 which of the following is the primary receptor site for the control of ventilation? a. Juxtapulmonary-capillary receptors b. Aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors c. Peripheral chemoreceptors d. Central chemoreceptors
c. Peripheral chemoreceptors
What ventilatory pattern occurs when the compliance of the lungs decreases? a. No noticeable change. b. Rate and tidal volume generally increase. c. Rate generally increases while the tidal volume simultaneously decreases. d. Rate generally decreases while the tidal volume simultaneously decreases.
c. Rate generally increases while the tidal volume simultaneously decreases.
A 64 year-old woman presents with dyspnea and orthopnea. She is a lifelong non-smoker. Her pulmonary function testing is as follows: a. Obstructive pattern b. Mixed obstructive and restrictive pattern c. Restrictive pattern d. Normal spirometry
c. Restrictive pattern
What complicating pulmonary problem is likely to happen to a patient with cystic fibrosis? a. Pulmonary edema b. Cardiac tamponade c. Spontaneous pneumothorax d. Pleural effusion
c. Spontaneous pneumothorax
Which of the following will allow for continous monitoring of blood pressure as well as provide convenient access for frequent or repeated blood gas samples? a. Central venous pressure catheter b. Swan-Ganz catheter c. Systemic arterial catheter d. Pulmonary artery catheter
c. Systemic arterial catheter
a. V-tach b. A-fib c. V-fib d. A-flutter
c. V-fib
On a patient undergoing testing in the pulmonary function laboratory, you observe a "scooped out appearance in the expiratory flow curve" . What does this most likely indicate? a. Restrictive pulmonary disease b. Fixed upper airway obstruction c. Variable intrathoracic airway obstruction d. Variable extrathoracic airway obstruction
c. Variable intrathoracic airway obstruction
The DLCO is a test that is used to measure the: a. success of a smoking cessation program. b. diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in the lungs. c. ability of a gas to move across the alveolar-capillary membrane. d. Blood flow through the heart.
c. ability of a gas to move across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Mr. Barnes went to the ER complaining of dyspnea. He has COPD and is very agitated. The X -ray revealed consolidation in rt middle lobe. Mr. Barnes RR is increased and the ABG shows that he has gone from a PaCO2 of 66 to a PaCO2 of 55. Choose the best answer to classify this? a. acute ventilatory failure with no renal compensation b. acute ventilatory failure superimposed on chronic ventiatory failure c. acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure d. chronic ventilatory failure with complete renal compensation
c. acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure
Platelets play a major role in which of the following? a. glucose regulation b. aerobic metabolism c. blood clotting d. gas exchange
c. blood clotting
Which of the following are forced vital capacity (FVC) findings in atelectasis? a. normal b. increased. c. decreased
c. decreased
Diagnostic thoracentesis can be used to: a. withdraw a secretion sample from the lung for a Gram stain. b. withdraw a secretion sample from the lung for a sputum smear. c. determine the cause of a pleural effusion. d. remove air from the pleural space.
c. determine the cause of a pleural effusion.
The preferred method to diagnose bronchiectasis is: a. bronchogram. b. posterior-anterior radiograph (x-ray). c. high resolution computed tomography (CT). d. anterior-posterior radiograph (x-ray).
c. high resolution computed tomography (CT).
Alveolar hypoventilation can be characterized by which of the following? a. ventilation that exceeds metabolic demands b. increased alveolar ventilation c. increased PaCO2 with a decreased PaO2 d. decrease in CO2 production
c. increased PaCO2 with a decreased PaO2
Which of the following test includes the insertion of a scope into the suprasternal notch to inspect and perform biopsy of lymph nodes? a. bronchoscopy b. thorocentesis c. mediastinoscopy d. endobronchial ultrasound
c. mediastinoscopy
Inotropic agents used in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema cause which of the following? a. reduce afterload b. decrease hydrostatic pressure c. modify the force or speed of contraction of muscles d. reduce preload
c. modify the force or speed of contraction of muscles
What is true of hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries? a. is less at the arterial end of the capillary b. keeps fluid in the capillary c. moves fluid out of the capillary d. maintains pulmonary vascular tone
c. moves fluid out of the capillary
The respiratory therapist is asked to recommend a medication to reduce preload for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The therapist could recommend: a. atropine. b. captopril. c. nitroglycerin. d. enalapril.
c. nitroglycerin.
When a person has TB spread throughout the body, it will favor which of the following areas: a. protein stores b. areas of low PaO2 c. oxygen rich areas d. fat cells
c. oxygen rich areas
Which of the following describes varying of the strength f the pulse every other beat while the rhythm remains the same? a. pulsus paradoxus b. paradoxical breathing c. pulsus alternans d. reduced pulse pressure
c. pulsus alternans
Which of the following would be examined to determine anemia and oxygen carrying capacity? a. white blood cells b. platelets c. red blood cells d. neutrophils
c. red blood cells
Which of the following procedure are commonly performed to evaluate allergic reactions and the exposure to tuberculosis? a. broncoscopy b. endobronchial ultrasound c. skin test d. complete blood count (CBC)
c. skin test
The severe resistance to taking a deep breath refers to which of the following a. trippodding b. purse lip breathing c. splinting d. agonal breathing
c. splinting
Bronchial breath sounds are likely to be heard in which of the following conditions? 1. alveolar consolidation 2. COPD 3. atelectasis 4. fluid in the tracheobronchial tree a. 3 and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 1,2, and 3 d. 1 and 3
d. 1 and 3
Which of the following are common causes of alveolar hypoventilation?1. Central nervous system depressant2. COPD3. Neuromuscular disease4. Anxiety disorder a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 2 d. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 2, 3
Which of the following are clinical findings are associated with chronic bronchitis?1. Cyanosis2. Purulent sputum3. Right heart failure4. Elevated CO2 level a. 3, 4 b. 1, 3 c. 1, 2 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of the following are precipitating factors for retained secretions that commonly lead to atelectasis?1. Weak cough2. General anesthesia3. Decreased mucocilliary transport4. Inadequate hydration a. 1, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
What findings on a chest radiograph would be expected during a prolonged asthma episode?1. Depressed diaphragm2. Increased anterior-posterior diameter (barrel chest)3. Asymmetrical lung inflation4. Translucent lung fields a. 1, 2 b. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
Which of the following ABG values would be consistent with ventilatory failure with hypoxemia in a patient with severe status asthmaticus? 1. Increased PaCO22. Decreased SaO23. Increased pH4. Decreased pH a. 2, 3 b. 1, 2 c. 1, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4
d. 1, 2, 4
Patients with bronchiectasis can exhibit which of the following anatomic alterations?1. Hyperinflation2. Pulmonary embolism3. Consolidation4. Atelectasis a. 1, 4 b. 1, 2, 3,4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
Which of the following are pathologic alterations found with emphysema?1. Air trapping and hyperinflation2. Mucus plugs3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange4. Weakened respiratory bronchioles a. 2, 4 b. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 2 d. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
Polycythemia is:1. a condition of too many red blood cells.2. a condition of too few red blood cells.3. caused by lack of iron in the diet.4. the body's response to chronic hypoxemia. a. 2, 3 b. 1, 2 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 4
d. 1, 4
Common chest assessment findings in a patient with cystic fibrosis include:1. tracheal deviation.2. breath sounds reveal crackles and wheezes.3. diminished breath sounds.4. hyperresonant percussion note. a. 1, 2 b. 2, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 1,2, 3, 4
d. 1,2, 3, 4
Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema includes giving a patient which of the following types of medications?1. Afterload reducers2. Positive inotropic medication3. Preload reducing medication4. Sympatholytic medication a. 3,4 b. 1,4 c. 2,3,4 d. 1,2,3
d. 1,2,3
A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) can be identified by which of the following? 1. There is no P wave 2. The QRS is wide 3. The QRS looks normal 4. The heart rate is altered a. 1,3,4 b. 1 c. 3,4 d. 1,2,4
d. 1,2,4
Which of the following are used to test respiratory muscle strength? 1. MIP 2. FEV1 3. MEP 4. FVC a. 1 and 3 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1,2,3,and 4 d. 1,3,and 4
d. 1,3,and 4
What is the normal value for calcium? a. 95-103 mEq/L b. 132-145 mEq/L c. 5.5-6.5 mEq/L d. 4.5-5.4 mEq/L
d. 4.5-5.4 mEq/L
Which of the following values represent moderate hypoxemia? a. below 40mmHg b. 95-100 mmHg c. 60-79 mmHg d. 40-59 mmHg
d. 40-59 mmHg
Moderate hypoxemia is indicated with an SpO2 value between ________ and _________. a. 91%; 94% b. 80%; 85% c. 95%; 99% d. 86%; 90%
d. 86%; 90%
The preferred stain that is used to identify the TB organism is called: a. Ziehl-Neelsen. b. Gram stain. c. Gentian violet. d. Acid Fast stain
d. Acid Fast stain
If a beta2-agonist agent and an anticholinergic agent were administered to a patient during an acute asthma episode, what result would be expected? a. Bronchial smooth muscle constriction will occur. b. Airway edema will increase. c. The medications oppose each other, resulting in no airway changes. d. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation will occur.
d. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation will occur.
All of the following are major functions of the WBCs (leukocytes) Except: a. Fight against infection b. Defend the body by phagocytosis against foreign organisms c. Produce antibodies in the immune response d. Carry oxygen to tissues
d. Carry oxygen to tissues
A 17-year-old male has been brought to the hospital because he felt short of breath after being tackled in a football game. A chest radiograph shows a broken rib and a 20% pneumothorax in the right lung. Which of the following conditions would be present? a. Pleural effusion b. Iatrogenic pneumothorax c. Sucking chest wound d. Closed pneumothorax
d. Closed pneumothorax
Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with an advanced case of TB will display which of the following? a. Increased TLC b. Increased IRV c. Increased VC d. Decreased RV
d. Decreased RV
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism in alveolar hypoventilation? a. Decreased venous admixture b. Increased inspired oxygen pressure c. Increased ventilation/perfusion ratio d. Decreased minute ventilation
d. Decreased minute ventilation
Which of the following is recommended to increase compliance in medication delivery to the TB patient? s. Buy a pill sorter b. Keep pills visible on a daily basis c. Set a daily timer/alarm d. Directly observed therapy
d. Directly observed therapy
A patient has been found to have tuberculosis (TB) in several organs of the body. What term is used to describe this situation? a. Postprimary TB b. Multiorgan TB c. Primary TB d. Disseminated TB
d. Disseminated TB
he forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) usually is expressed as a percentage of the observed: a. PEF. b. FEV3. c. TLC. d. FVC.
d. FVC.
Which of the following tests can be done to test pulmonary function in pre-school and school-aged children as well as adults with physical and cognitive limitations? a. PEFR b. FVC c. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing d. Impulse Oscillometry
d. Impulse Oscillometry
A sputum sample from a patient has been sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which of the following findings could help confirm the diagnosis of extrinsic asthma? a. Increased erythrocyte count b. Decreased IgE level c. Colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa d. Increased IgE level
d. Increased IgE level
A patient is deemed to have "hyperinflation" on their pulmonary function testing when which of the following findings is present? a. Increased FEV1 b. Increased FEV1/FVC ratio c. Increased DLCO d. Increased TLC
d. Increased TLC
After surgery, a patient must lie supine in bed. Because of this, atelectasis is thought to have developed. What chest radiograph finding would confirm this? a. Decreased density in lungs b. Depression of the hemidiaphragms c. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) d. Increased density in lungs
d. Increased density in lungs
To best determine an asthmatic 's response to a bronchodilator, which of the following tests should be performed before and after the use of a bronchodilator? a. VT Tidal Volume b. VE Minute Ventilation c. MIP Maximum Inspiratory Pressure d. PEFR Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
d. PEFR Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Which of the following is a severe form of COPD and can be genetically inherited? a. Centrilobular emphysema b. Chronic bronchitis c. Alpha 1 Anhydrase d. Panlobular emphysema
d. Panlobular emphysema
A form of respiratory distress related to posture (especially reclining while sleeping) and is usually associated with congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema. a. Exertional dyspnea b. Cardiac dyspnea c. Positional dyspnea d. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
d. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
What is the term for abnormal gas movement from one lung to the other? a. Palindromic breathing b. Pneumatic shift c. Pneumotaxic movement d. Pendelluft
d. Pendelluft
Compared to predicted normals, a patient has a reduced FEF25%-75%. Which of the following is most likely the underlying problem? a. Combined restrictive and obstructive disease b. Severe central (large) airway obstruction c. A restrictive disorder of the chest wall d. Peripheral (small) airway obstruction
d. Peripheral (small) airway obstruction
A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be recommended by the respiratory therapist? a. Begin mechanical ventilation. b. Have the patient use pursed-lip breathing. c. Begin bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy. d. Provide supplemental oxygen.
d. Provide supplemental oxygen.d. Provide supplemental oxygen.
A patient is complaining of a constant chest pain that is centrally located, does not worsen with deep inspiration, but does radiate? Which of the following disorders is associated with these complaints? a. Pneumonia b. Tuberculosis c. Lung cancer d. Pulmonary hypertension
d. Pulmonary hypertension
What is the term for an inspiratory fall in systolic blood pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg? a. Swanson's phenomenon b. Hoover's sign c. Stage I hypotension d. Pulsus paradoxus
d. Pulsus paradoxus
The respiratory therapist is performing palpation on a patient recently admitted to the medical ward. The therapist notes increased tactile fremitus over the right lung. Which of the following could most likely be the cause for this physical examination finding? a. Right-sided pleural tumor b. Right-sided pneumothorax c. Right-sided pleural effusion d. Right-sided atelectasis
d. Right-sided atelectasis
Which of the following is NOT a parameter that has been studied to establish normal values for PFTs? a. Weight b. Height c. Gender d. Socioeconomic Staus
d. Socioeconomic Staus
The respiratory therapist is reviewing the electronic medical record of a patient recently admitted to the medical floor. The therapist notes that a sputum sample was sent to the lab for an acid-fast smear and culture. How should the therapist interpret this information? a. Suspect that the patient has Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia. b. Suspect that the patient has Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. c. Suspect that the patient has Rickettsiae pneumonia. d. Suspect that the patient has Mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia.
d. Suspect that the patient has Mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia.
The general hemodynamic status of the patient can be monitored noninvasively at the bedside by assessing all of the following EXCEPT: a. Perfusion State b. Blood Pressure c. Heart Rate d. Tactile Fremitus
d. Tactile Fremitus
What effect would pneumonia have on the / ratios? a. ratio would fluctuate from high to low b. would increase. c. V/Q would be normal d. V/Q would decrease.
d. V/Q would decrease.
Which of he following is used to diagnose bronchiectasis? a. pet scan b. fluoroscopy c. V/Q scan d. bronchogram
d. bronchogram
A patient who has an uncontrolled tuberculosis infection can present with all of the following signs EXCEPT: a. hemoptysis b. fever c. cyanosis d. bulging eyes
d. bulging eyes
A patient has atelectasis and is exhibiting pulmonary shunting. Atelectasis causes which of the following: a. anatomic shunt b. increased V/Q mismatch c. relative shunt d. capillary shunt
d. capillary shunt
An individual's normal breathing pattern is composed of all of the following EXCEPT: a. inspiratory to expiratory ratio b.respiratory rate c. tidal volume d. cardiac output
d. cardiac output
All of the following conditions commonly lead to atelectasis EXCEPT: a. post abdominal and chest surgery b. large pleural effusion c. pneumothorax d. cor pulmonale
d. cor pulmonale
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is most readily transmitted through: a. shaking hands and then rubbing your eye. b. drinking milk from or the milking of infected cows. c. accidental direct inoculation. d. coughing.
d. coughing.
A patient with pulmonary edema may have which of the following? a. increased lung compliance b. alveolar deadspace c. increased V/Q ratio d. decreased V/Q ratio
d. decreased V/Q ratio
Inadequate oxygen at the tissue cell caused by a low PaO2 is which of the following? a. histotoxic hypoxia b. anemic hypoxia c. circulatory hypoxia d. hypoxic hypoxia
d. hypoxic hypoxia
A common nonrespiratory clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis is: a. Arthritis b. glaucoma c. hyperpigmentation d. nasal polyps
d. nasal polyps
Common precipitating factors for retained secretions include all of the following EXCEPT: a. decreased mucociliary transport b. excessive secretions c. smoking history d. nasal polyps
d. nasal polyps
A patient has a pneumothorax with a sucking chest wound resulting in the movement of gas from one lung to another. This is called: a. bidirectional flow. b. paradoxical movement. c. panting. d. pendelluft.
d. pendelluft.
In which of the following procedures would you use prophylactic ventilatory support? a. mammogram b. laproscopic carpal tunnel surgery c. during a bronchoscopy d. postanesthesia/sedation
d. postanesthesia/sedation
What does number 3 represent? a. QRS complex b. contraction of the atria c. depolarization d. repolarization
d. repolarization
A pneumothorax manifests itself clinically as a primarily _____ disorder. a. restrictive disorder with a secondary obstructive b. obstructive c. obstructive disorder with secondary restrictive d. restrictive
d. restrictive
What position would the trachea take in atelectasis? a. shift upward away from affected side b. remain midline c. shift away from affected side d. shift toward affected side
d. shift toward affected side
In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is: a. socioeconomic status. b. recurrent respiratory infections. c. α1-antitrypsin deficiency. d. tobacco smoking.
d. tobacco smoking.