Russian Revolution
Tsars
Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III, Nicholas II
Which statement describes a similarity between the French Revolution and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?
Both revolutions were the result of government denial of basic human rights and stressful economic conditions.
Soviet union under Stalin
COMMUNISM. They were often outweighed by continuous shortages and restricted freedoms. The communists destroyed the old social order of landowning nobles at the top and peasants at the bottom. But instead of creating equals as they promised, they created a society where a few elite groups emerged as a new ruling class.
March 1917
Czar Nicholas II abdicated (to give up) because people want him out. A provisional gov't was set. October 1917, takes over government and Russia is communist.
Nicholas II
Czar/King of Russia during World War I and the Russian Revolution. (murdered by communists/Bolsheviks)
Which situation resulted from the Russo-Japanese War of 1905?
Dissident groups challenged the power of the Russian czar.
Which statement about both the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy is accurate?
Economic conditions led to political change.
Which was a major result of the Russian Revolution of 1917 ?
Russia became a communist nation
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was a major turning point in history because
Russia became the first nation with a communist economic system
The Bolsheviks
Russian revolution (reds), communist (Karl Marx), end monarchy, Czar Nicholas II, Leader Lenin
The Great Purge
Stalin feared tha rival party leaders were plotting against him. In 1934, he launched the Great Purge. Stalin and his secret police cracked down especially on Old Bolsheviks, or party activists from the early days of the revolution. Between 1936-1938, Stalin staged a series of spectacular public "show trials" in Moscow. Four million people were purged during the Stalin years.
Stalin's Five Year Plans
Stalin imposed government control over the Soviet Union's economy. In the past, Russia had suffered because of its economic backwardness. In 1928, he proposed the first of several "five-year plans" aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output. He brought all economic activity under government control The government owned all businesses and distributed resources.
socialist realism
Stalin required artists and writers to create their works in a style called socialist realism. Its goal was to show Soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the communist future. Allowed to be realistic.
Propaganda
Stalin tried to boost morale and faith in the communist system by making himself a godlike figure. He used propaganda as a tool to build up a "cult of personality" around himself. Using modern technology, the party bombarded the public with relentless propaganda. Radios and loudspeakers blared into factories and villages. In movies, theaters, and schools citizens heard about communist successes and the evils of capitalism. Billboards and posters urged workers to meet or exceed production quotas. Headlines in the Communist party newspaper Pravada, or "Truth" linked enemies at home to foreign agents seeking to overthrow the Communist regime.
Terror
Stalin used terror as a weapon. He perpetrated crimes against humanity and systemically violated his people's individual rights. Police spies did not hesitate to open private letters or plant listening devices.
War with Communism
The communists used terror not only against the Whites, but also to control their own people. The communists also set up a network of forced labor camps in 1919- which grew under Stalin into the dreaded Gulag.
Factors that led to the Communist Revolution in 1917
The discontent of the peasants (bound to the land) The discontent of the workers (no jobs) The weakness of Tsar Nicholas II Raspustin and Scandal February Revolution 1917 (start of Russian revolution) The failure of the Duma (Russian parliament) Opposition of the communists Russian failures in the first world war
What happened in 1941?
Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
New Gov't, same problems
In 1922, Lenin's communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union. The communists produced a constitution that seemed both democratic and socialist. It set up an elected legislature, later called the Supreme Soviet, and gave all the citizen over 18 the right to vote. All political power, resources, and ,means of production would belong to workers and peasants. The Soviet Union was a multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples. All member republics shared certain equal rights.
Lenin's N.E.P. (New economic policy)
It allowed some capitalist ventures. Although the state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit. Under the N.E.P- peasants held on to small plots of land and freely sold their surplus crops. Lenin's compromise with capitalism helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed resistance to the new government. By 1928, food and industrial production climbed back to prewar levels. The standard of living improved too. But lenin always saw the NEP as just a temporary retreat from communism.
Which action contributed to the success of Lenin's communist revolution in Russia?
Peasants were promised land reform.
Revolution of 1905
REALLY BAD. working class extremely angry. famine in russia was widespread that spread throughout Russia. Starvation and death are results of famine
Which leader led the Russians in a second revolution (1917), Promised "peace, land, and bread.", established the New Economic Policy (NEP)
Vladimir I. Lenin
Which leader based his rule on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles?
Vladimir Lenin
One of the major causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II
A comparison of the actions of the Jacobins during the French Revolution and the actions of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution indicates that revolutions sometimes
bring radicals to power
Josef Stalin's leadership of the Soviet Union can best be characterized as a period of
censorship and terror
"A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human, and capital resources to the production of those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them" This description best applies to the
command economy of the Soviet Union
". . . The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible without a violent revolution. The abolition of the proletarian state, i.e., of all states, is only possible through 'withering away.' . . ." — V.I.Lenin, State and Revolution, 1917 This quotation is associated with the principles of
communism
Bolshevik
communist political party that was led by Vladimir Lenin in 1917 (Russia)
Czar Nicholas II
decides to go to Eastern Front with his groups to support them. Nicholas II leaves his wife Alexandra is charge of government at home. She highly trusts Raspustin and he gets killed in 1916
Russo Japanese War (1904)
defeat let to political instability. He believed he was absolute ruler anointed to god. Lost to Japan in 1804 and shows that lack of technology.
Under Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union emphasized centralized economic planning and Five-Year Plans primarily to
develop heavy industry
Duma
elected national legislature
What was the major goal of Joseph Stalin's five-year plans in the Soviet Union
encouraging rapid industrialization
Joseph Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union was characterized by the
establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship
A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
existence of sharp economic differences between social classes.
Lenin's promise of "Peace, Land, Bread" during the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was made in an effort to
gain popular support to overthrow the government
Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
government agencies are involved in production planning
Command economy
government officials made all basic economic decisions.
Which aspect of the economy was emphasized in Joseph Stalin's five-year plans
heavy industry
Raspustin
illiterate peasant/monk and self-proclaimed "holy man." Czar Nicholas II'S wife allowed to control gov't whiles Nicholas II was in war.
An economic accomplishment of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin was
increasing production of heavy industrial machinery
One action taken by both V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin was
jailing or murdering potential opponents
Under Joseph Stalin, peasants in the Soviet Union were forced to
join collective farms
Great Purge
killed four million people in the soviet union.
collectives
large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group. on collectives, the gov't would provide tractors, fertilizers, and better seed, and peasants would learn modern farm methods.
Opposing the tsars
liberals, socialists, nationalists, army officers, workers
The 1917 victory of the communists in Russia was a contradiction of Marxist theory because Russia was
mainly an agricultural society
"...the organizations of the revolutionaries must consist first, foremost, and mainly of people who make revolutionary activity their profession...such an organization must of necessity be not too extensive and as secret as possible..." -V.I. Lenin, 1917 This quotation refers to Lenin's plan to
overthrow the Russian government
The term that best describes the position of Jews in Czarist Russia is
persecuted minority
Which characteristic was common to both Russia under the Czars and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin?
persecution of political dissenters
Under communism in the former Soviet Union, people were required to
put the interests of the state before individual gain
One reason the Bolsheviks gained peasant support during the Russian Revolution was because the Bolsheviks promised to
redistribute land
Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in 1917 primarily because the Bolsheviks pledged to
redistribute land and make peace
Checka
secret police who executed ordinary citizens.
Stalins five year plan..
set high production goals, especially for heavy industry and transportation. The government pushed workers and managers to meet these goals by giving bonuses to those who succeeded and by punishing those who did not. Between 1928 and 1939, large factories, hydroelectric power stations, and huge industrial complexes rose across the Soviet Union. Oil, coal, and steel production grew and mining expanded, and new railroads were built.
Stalin's Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are examples of
strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism
Which is an accurate statement about the Soviet economy under the leadership of Joseph Stalin?
the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by developing heavy industry
capitalist system
the free market determine most economic designs. Privately owned businesses compete to win the consumer's choice. This competition regulates the price and quality of goods.
proletariat
the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners.
Under Josef Stalin, life in the Soviet Union was characterized by
the use of censorship and the secret police
Women in the soviet union
they worked for the revolution, spreading radical ideas among peasants and workers. Under the communists, women won equality under the law. They gained access to education and a wide range of jobs. By the 1930's, many Soviet women were working in medicine, engineering, or the sciences. By their labor, women contributed to Soviet economic growth. They worked in factories, in construction, and on collectives Within the family, their wages were needed because men and women earned the same low salaries.
WAR COMMUNISM
took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads. Peasants in the countryside were forced to deliver almost all of their crops to feed the army and hungry people in the cities. Peasant labors were drafted into the military or forced to work in factories.
In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin governed by means of secret police, censorship, and purges
totalitarian
Which type of political system did V. I. Lenin, Adolf Hitler, and Benito Mussolini establish in their countries?
totalitarianism
A major goal of Joseph Stalin' s five-year plans was to
transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power
totalitarian state
type of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of the citizens.
In 1917, Russian leaders in Russia sought peace with Germany because the new Russian government
wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation
Kulaks
wealthy farmers- some peasants did not want to give up their land and sell their crops at the states' low prices. they resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, destroying tools, and burning crops. Stalin was furious. He believed the kulaks were behind this and he responded with brutal force. In 1929, Stalin sent them to labor camps. They were killed instantly.
Which slogan is associated with the Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution?
"Peace, Land, and bread!"
The Mensheviks
"Whites-- support czar Nicholas II (nobles and rich) -February Revolution- 1917- bread shortage. no work, russians loosing WWI, and people protested, Russian military, Lenin comes back to Russia to control
Trotsky
A brilliant Marxist thinker, a skillful speaker, and an architect of the Bolshevik Revolution. Turned the Red Army into an effective fighting force. He used former tsarist officers under the close watch of commissars, communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty. Trotsky's passionate speeches roused soldiers to fight. He urged support for a world-wide revolution against capitalism. Trotsky fled the country 1929 but continued on building socialism at home first. Stalin isolated Trotsky within the party and stripped him of party membership. Trotsky fled the country in 1929, but continued to criticize Stalin. In 1940, a Stalinist agent murdered Trotsky in Mexico.
STALIN
Lenin died in 1924 at the age of 54. He was involved in World War I, Cold War, and Korean War. He turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state controlled by a powerful and complex bureaucracy
Which statement best describes a relationship between World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution?
World War I created conditions in Russia that helped trigger a revolution.
The political reorganization of Russia after the Communist Revolution of 1917 resulted in
a federation of socialist republics
Which statement best describes the political situation in the Soviet Union immediately after Lenin's death in 1924?
a power struggle developed among Communist Party leaders
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused in part by
a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I
Gulag
a system of brutal labor camps, where many died.
A major effect of Josef Stalin's policy of Collectivization on Soviet agriculture was
a widespread food shortage throughout the nation
