SACE Stage 1 Chemistry: Topic 1

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Line absorption spectrum

A light spectrum with dark lines corresponding to different wavelengths of light that have been absorbed.

conductor

A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

Insulator

A material that does not allow heat or electrons to move through it easily.

Suspension

A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration

homogenous mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

heterogenous mixture

A mixture with uneven distribution of different substances, solids, liquids, gases.

Filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

Evaporation

A process that separates the substances based on their evaporation points

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Element

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Line emission spectrum

A series of specific wavelengths of emitted light created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a prism

electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge... almost no mass

proton

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

neutron

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

nucleus

Center of an atom

visible light

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye

infrared

Electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than the red of visible light.

d block

Groups 3-12, transition metals

Solvent

In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.

Density

Mass per unit volume

solubility

The ability to dissolve in another substance

Nanoscience

The study of molecules and nanostructures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers (one billionth of a meter).

boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Relative atomic mass

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Group

Vertical column in the periodic table

Nanoparticles

Very small particles (1-100 nanometers in size)

Colloid

a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas

electron subshell

a region of space within an electron shell that contains electrons that have the same energy

thermal conductivity

ability to transfer heat

electron shells (energy levels)

electrons occupy orbits or generally fixed regions of space around the nucleus

s block

groups 1 and 2 on the periodic table

p block

groups 13-18 on the periodic table

f block

lanthanides and actinides

number of neutrons in an atom

mass number - atomic number

Nanomaterials

materials that are structured at the nanometer scale, which often results in new material properties that differ from the bulk properties

Mole formula

n=m/M

Avogadro's number

number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 X 10^23

atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

ultraviolet light

part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with frequencies higher than those of visible light and lower than those of x-rays

Mole

the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

electrical conductivity

the ability of an object to transfer electric current

electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom

Atom

the basic unit of a chemical element.

physical properties

the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

chemical properties

the characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances.

Adsorption

the collection of one substance on the surface of another

Ionisation energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Molar mass

the mass of one mole of a pure substance

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

electromagnetic spectrum

the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.

mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus