Science 1106 Checkup 1

_______________ are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysccharides.

Carbohydrates

Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that is a compound of __________.

DNA

_____________ is a monosaccharide that can be directly assimilated by the cells of the body and is found naturally in fruits and honey.

Glucose

(Monosaccharides, Starches) are simple carbohydrates that are the ________ blocks of other carbohydrates.

Monosaccharides

________, the most complex carbohydrates, are made of many monosaccharides chemically linked in long chains or branches.

Polysaccharides

___________ provide structural support for cells, regulate metabolic processes, and transport nutrients and other substances throughout the body.

Proteins

__________ is the disaccharide commonly known as table sugar.

Sucrose

VITAMIN E, which helps form healthy bones, muscles, teeth, and blood vessels, is a coenzyme that assists in cellular energy conversion.

VITAMIN C

Two monosaccharide chemically linked together form a ________.

disaccharide

operation in which the nutrients absorbed into bloodstream are circulated throughout the body by the circulatory system

distribution

operation in which ingested food that is not absorbed into the bloodstream is excreted from the body

elimination

Nine _________ amino acids can only be obtained through ingested food.

essential

Glucose that is not immediately needed by the cells is converted to a polysaccharide called ___________, which is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles.

glycogen

operation of taking food or water into the body

ingestion

muscular action of the digestive organs; breaks food into smaller pieces, mixes the pieces with digestive enzymes, and moves the pieces through the alimentary canal

mechanical digestion

sources of nourishment needed by organisms to carry on metabolic processes; carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

nutrients

Free ENZYMES are ions in the blood that damage cell membranes and destroy DNA.

radicals

Polysaccharides called ____________ are produced by plants to store food but are also important nutrients for humans.

starches

Essential lipids called __________ are the main components of fat stored in adipose tissue and are an important source of energy.

triglycerides

CALCIUM is a mineral that helps build strong bones and teeth.

true

VITAMIN A, which is necessary for good vision, proper immune function, and bone development, is converted from beta-carotene.

true

LIPIDS are organic compounds that are needed in small amounts for normal growth and development and must be ingested because they cannot be synthesized quantities by the body.

vitamins

Lipids, such as fats, ___________, oils, are organic compounds that have a greasy feel and usually do not dissolve in water.

waxes

1 Samuel 8:6, 22 But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the Lord. ________________________________________________________________________________.

And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make them a king.

The eight D VITAMINS act as enzymes to help convert nutrients into basic materials needed by the cells.

B vitamins

operation in which nutrients diffuse through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

absroption

Proteins are made of organic acids called _____________.

amino acids

operation by which nutrients are taken into the cells

assimilation

operation in which nutrients are converted into energy that can be used by the cells for metabolic processes

cellular respiration

Even though most __________ passes undigested through the digestive tract, it is essential for the proper elimination of waste.

cellulose

enzymes and other chemical substances break down food into nutrients that can be used by the body's cells

chemical digestion

To avoid excess __________, which can form plaque on the inside walls of the arteries, it is important to limit the foods containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and choose healthy foods containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

cholesterol