Science 3

Absolute 0

Ryan Kuttler 0 Kelvin pg. 78 ex. -273.15°C

Exothermic

Ryan Kuttler A description of a change in which a system releases energy to anything around it pg. 86 ex. freezing

Which phase changes are endothermic? Exothermic?

Ryan Kuttler Endothermic, Condensation, Freezing and Deposition Exothermic, Sublimation Vaporization and Melting pg. 85

What is the difference between melting and freezing? At what temperature does water melt or freeze? What's the difference? Are there any other processes that act similarly?

Ryan Kuttler Melting releases energy and freezing gains energy pg. 87

Draw the motion of particles in a solid, liquid and gas as if you could see them under a microscope.

Ryan Kuttler Solid Liquid Gas ::::::::: : : : : : . . . . . . . ::::::::: : : : : : : . . . . . . . pg. 69-70

What are the 3 factors that affect gas pressure?

Ryan Kuttler Temperature Pressure Volume pg. 76-77

Kinetic Energy

Ryan Kuttler The energy an object has due to its motion ex. a baseball being pitched pg. 71

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

Ryan Kuttler The kinetic theory of gases is that gas is always in constant motion and takes the shape of what they are in pg. 73

Pressure

Ryan Kuttler The result of a force distributed over an area pg. 75 ex. Gas pressure

liquid

Ryan Kuttler The state of matter in which materials have a not definite shape but definite volume ex. water pg. 69

gas

Ryan Kuttler The state of matter in which materials have not a definite shape and not a definite volume ex. oxygen pg. 70

How can the mass of a pile of snow decrease on a sunny day when the air temperature does not rise above 0 degrees C?

Ryan Kuttler The sun heats it up pg. 69

Explain why this image represents Charles' Law.

Ryan Kuttler The temperature increased so the size of the balloon increased pg. 78

What is necessary phase change to occur? What are the 5 phases or states of matter? Explain the process of changing 3 of the 5 phases of matter discussed in class to undergo endothermic/exothermic phase changes.

Ryan Kuttler The temperature volume or pressure needs to change. The 5 phases of matter are solids liquids gasses plasmas and Bose-Einstein Condensate. pg. 68, 77

Explain why this image represents Boyle's Law.

Ryan Kuttler The volume decreased so the gas particles compacted pg. 79

Boiling

Ryan Kuttler The water molecules move faster and the liquid particles change to gas particles pg. 89 ex. boiling water

Explain the relationship of temperature and pressure. Which law is it?

Ryan Kuttler V1/T1=V2/T2 Charles's Law the direct proportion of the volume of the gas to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure is constant pg. 78

Endothermic

Ryan Kuttler a description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from anything surrounding it pg. 86 ex. melting

Phase Change

Ryan Kuttler a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another pg. 84 ex. Freezing

Deposition

Ryan Kuttler change from a gas to a solid pg. 91 ex. frost on windows

Vaporization

Ryan Kuttler change from a liquid to a gas pg. 88 ex. boiling

Freezing

Ryan Kuttler change from a liquid to solid pg. 88 ex. water to ice

Sublimation

Ryan Kuttler change from a solid to a gas pg. 91 ex. dry ice

Melting

Ryan Kuttler change from a solid to a liquid pg. 88 ex. melting ice

Evaporation

Ryan Kuttler changing a liquid to a gas pg. 89 ex. boiling water

Heat of Vaporization

Ryan Kuttler energy a substance must absorb in order to change a liquid to a gas pg. 88 ex. 100°C

Condensation

Ryan Kuttler the change from a gas to a liquid pg. 90 ex. fog on the windows

Charles's Law

Ryan Kuttler the direct proportion of the volume of the gas to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure is constant pg. 78 ex. increasing the temperature in a balloon

Heat of Fusion

Ryan Kuttler the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a solid to a liquid pg. 86 ex. the energy absorbed from ice

Boyles's Law

Ryan Kuttler the inverse variation of the volume of a gas with its pressure if the temperature is constant pg. 88 ex. increasing the pressure increases the volume

Vapor Pressure

Ryan Kuttler the pressure caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor within the walls of a container pg. 89 ex. a hot air balloon

A gas is stored at constant volume at a pressure of 137kPa at 274K. If the temperature rises to 296 K, what is the pressure?

Ryan Kuttler 148kPa pg. 78

A hazardous chemical is leaking from a tank truck. Rescue workers need to evacuate people who live near the accident. Why are more people likely to be affected if the chemical is a gas, rather than a liquid?

Ryan Kuttler The gas spreads faster than the liquids pg. 69

Solid

Ryan Kuttler The state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and definite volume ex. a table pg. 69

Explain the relationship of between volume and pressure. Which law is it?

Ryan Kuttler V1P1=V2P2 Boyles's Law the inverse variation of the volume of a gas with its pressure if the temperature is constant pg. 79

What is the kinetic theory of matter?

Ryan Kuttler the kinetic theory of matter is the theory that all atoms are in constant motion pg. 71